 Good afternoon to everyone. Welcome to this course. Well, first, you know, we're gonna go into work in these groups, okay? And the second thing that I want to know now is Is there anybody here who doesn't understand Spanish? Nothing of Spanish? Raise your hand. Everyone here understands Spanish? No, okay. Catalan? In English? Okay Well, the the course is announced in English, so I'll talk in English But please stop me if you need something if you have questions or whatever. We have three languages more or less So please I think the languages shouldn't be a problem. So please stop me and tell me Or if you have questions or whatever Okay, so this course is oral communication For scientific content, you know And my first question is if are you hungry? I am because it's my lunch time So I have a problem now probably you too And you know when you eat something Sometimes you fell asleep after that, you know So Why are you tired after eating? I don't know Let me try to explain that Well, this is because in in our in your body They collect the cleaning look again and I'm in a release to increase the tidy and also Because Good sugar Rises and insulin is produced to allow the sugar to go from the group and into the cells and Serotonin then can lead to drowsiness and melatonin That is the other hormones that induces Can someone stop me? Do you want me to keep reading? What happened here? Any ideas? It's okay, I can read Melatonin is the other hormone that induces sleep and it's not released due to the eating but food does influence melatonin production Nothing keep reading We have two hours and a half What happened with this slide? What happened? Okay, sleep. Don't sleep now Wake up What else we are here to make to give a good presentation It's boring. Okay. I'm not here to to to read. I can read If I in this place I can read don't read it for me. Why are you reading? What else there's too much test I don't need this test What else Nothing we have a problem with these collect token in and Glucogon and a million and whatever Hi We're working What else what? The images Yeah, our pixel Everything is pixel in this slide the color is terrible also What happened with the font? They're nice Blue and then this red color there nothing What else? Because you are focusing on the slide, but what happened with me first you are you are reading the slide You are watching up the slide. Okay And not me, but what happened with me and I'm reading and not a good presenter and are using my voice well and trying to grab the podium I'm moving my leg and Looking at the slide not you many things So this is a problem. I'm probably you experienced these in any conference How many times You go to conferences and you can see that so we have a problem really a serious problem Okay, don't worry because we are here to avoid this Okay, so don't worry about that okay Let me introduce myself just very briefly because I think that This information is important for you and especially to know what can I do? For you in this case for presentation. So I Research I'm a researcher. I'm a Marie Kree Fellowship of the European Union. I have a contract with the European Union to do research here I'm a visiting researcher at Indiana University and also at the University of California in Los Angeles And here I'm a professor in the Department of Communication at UPF I'm a PhD. I have a PhD in communication I'm a specialist in voice So this is really important and gestures and posters and whatever so second-class will be We'll have a fun in the second class working with our voices and you know pastors and gestures and these kind of things I have a mastering pathology voice so I can I can see if you have problems with your voice as well I have a master in cognition and communication. I think that this is important PhD in psychology I work in the group of studies of prosody so too much information But the idea is that I work with a speech from three different perspectives communication linguistics and psychology You can find a lot a lot a bunch millions of blogs webs YouTube videos on the internet talking about oral communication oral presentation a lot of But my point here is that I work with attention and memory and because I work with attention and memory This is important because there are two main factors when you are delivered in a presentation First is the attention if I don't have the attention of the audience is impossible That nobody understand anything, you know, so attention is a condition It's a factor that is really important and it's the first factor So I'm here to try that you understand how people process messages How people understand your presentation? Okay, and in this way you will know how deliver your presentation. That's the idea Attention and memory. They're really really important. Okay. They go here in this Class Probably you don't know but it's to prepare a competition. You know that What competition is? Research in four minutes. These classes are to prepare this competition So you will have to to do it in the future. There is a competition Cold research in four minutes. I invented last year. Okay. That's okay. Please go with your group So this competition is For presenting your your research, but I have an assistant It's called must Mausie Mausie And Mausie has all the information Here's what you have to do in this competition You have to give for a minute Presentation of the research you are doing for your doctoral dissertation Come with you while evaluate you based on the academic significance clarity of expression In your ability to convey your project Holding the attention of the audience. Is it clear? Is it clear? Okay, this is the competition and this is the goal of the competition. Okay Well, I hope that you never have this situation Read it No, the second the second one The first one is okay But read it first. Is it familiar? So even if you plan and prepare everything many things Will happen? It's for sure so a my advice here is you have to Prepare everything of course many things will happen, but Less if you prepare if you fully prepare and plan all your presentation My advice and especially for this competition is you have to write every word you say every word Even good afternoon. Good day morning, whatever. Hello, whatever Every word and I'll explain why but you have to plan and prepare everything we don't have many good presenters just for this reason because People think I can talk I can talk and go there and explain what I do because I'm the specialist in in this topic So I it's okay. It's fine. I go and talk No This is not the idea. Okay, and this is not the idea here in these classes So we are here to you or for you to learn or to learn and to acquire communication skills in this case, but the problem here is that There are communication skills, but apply to scientific content The problem with scientific content is like the problem that we have journalists. I'm a journalist. I work for many years in the Cadena cell in Madrid presenting news on the valid teams every hour and What happened in this case that you are in a bubble? This is the journalist syndrome. I call this the journalist syndrome. The journalist syndrome is that you are in a bubble You know everything because you are managing information every day and Writing all the information and you know, do you have this level of information? But what happened with your audience? They don't have this level of information. They have this level of information, but you are But but on the opposite you are telling you are telling news or whatever in this level of information Information, okay, and there's a problem because nobody understands you and probably you experience that when you are watching Television and news or listening to the radio and you hear all these technical vocabulary or legal vocabulary And you don't understand anything So Scientist is the same you are in your lab Close In a bubble with your information with your topic, you know everything about your topic, but your mother What happened with your mother? She doesn't know about your topic she can't understand your topic, you know And you think when you are presenting something in I don't know in a conference you think unconsciously that everyone there knows Has the same level of knowledge? it's not true and This is the problem This is a problem Finally because Comprehension is bad attention, but I'm boring. I don't know what you are telling me. So So this is a problem. Okay Here we have to combine two things communication skills with scientific content and also you have to be a little bit attractive Majority of science talks are really voting and really bad many presenters are bad So we have an advantage here. We have a hope we are okay because We can find these kind of things Okay Let's start watching this video. This video is a presentation Of last year's is one a student who participated last year in this competition in research in four minutes He won the second prize Okay, good Well, we what I like to do is to watch this video you have here some sheets works it So take one and just right after watching the video What do you think that are the main aspects that you have to take into account in a presentation in an oral presentation? Okay, so what is video think about what are the main aspects? What are the important aspects in a presentation and then just write these ideas? Okay? Continuem with Vlávaro Castells and the title of his communication is Dynamics of RNA using high definition microscopy Hello, I'm Vlávaro Castells and I'm going to present my thesis seeing things very Hello, I'm Vlávaro Castells and I'm going to present my thesis Dynamics of RNA using high definition microscopy Or, in other words, seeing very small things better than before Since always biologists have tried to understand how life works The fundamental processes of the same but this is a very, very, very, very small scale We have had to develop tools to be able to see it, microscopy The problem that microscopy has, at least the optics, is that we have what is coming to take a limit of resolution A size from which we can no longer go down, we can not see two points that are closer to that That in this case is 200 nanometers that would come to be One centimeter, we cut it in 10, one millimeter, we cut it in 10, we cut it in 10, we cut it in 10, we cut it in 5 And there, more than that, we can not see Until now, there have been more techniques of microscopy called high definition microscopy That allow us to go down even further, we have to have 200 nanometers to have 20 nanometers What practical effects would you say? Well, it's not so much, 220, but let's put an exercise Let's imagine a small one But if we had a microscope, what we could see would be that we already had to know something That is, there would be a dot in the back, you can see some things, but you still do not have it very clear But if we now increase the order of magnitude, which is what we can do with STORM, and this is the scale We start to have something that we can see, we can distinguish and we know Well, we can start studying, right? So that's what I'm basically doing Explaining a little bit better What we do is take some things that shine and we stick them to what we want to see It happens that instead of shining, what they do is continue to spread So we would pick some, then open others that would spread, then open others And then we take all those and we put them together So we have a much more defined image than what we had if we spread them all at once That would have a blur of color Practical effects, what we have, these are, for example, the results of my laboratory We see a nucleus of a cell, up with a microscope of high definition and below normal When we zoom in, we see that we can continue to distinguish many things in high definition While a normal is basically nothing, what we can, information that we can get from there So what I'm doing is looking at the RNA So that we understand and the DNA is what takes the information of the body And the protein is what makes the function, the RNA is what makes the messenger Between the information and the function And this is what I'm getting These are my images of the total RNA of the cell seen in high definition microscope We can see here, general nucleus, and even though we are doing zoom, we are still seeing very well what is there So until now, I had not been able to see RNA with this resolution capacity So small, so clear to optical microscopy And ask yourself, why? Why does this not work? Well, until now the RNA has been studied a lot, it's true, it has been studied a lot It happens that it has seen relative quantity that there is more, there is less, there is no Or it interacts with something, interacts with the protein, does things But we did not have the means to study what the general structure of the RNA was How the RNA is distributed within the nucleus And above all, what we want to do is see how that structure is altered by different cell processes Cells in different situations, doing different things will have a different RNA structure And we can learn a lot about this and we can see here Likewise, we also want to see, now that we can finally see so low, not only the general structure But the things that the RNA forms, for example, here we are seeing, clearly here And a distribution different than the rest, and we still do not know what these things can be Some like this, others not, they are different things that we are seeing So basically this is it, I hope to have the results soon and thank you very much Number one of the group, for example, who is number one here? Ah, nobody knows, it's Maria No, number two I said, it's Cristina Who is Cristina? Hi Cristina Can you please go to the podium, Vera, because I can hear you Hello, do I have to present myself? No, just share the ideas We think that one of the main things that we have to do in a presentation to be good Is to, how to module our voice How to talk, if it's low or it's louder Or how to end the sentences How to start the discourse and end the discourse according to our voice To redirect what we want to say and to emphasize the elements That we want to emphasize for you to understand our presentation Okay, perfect, another idea For example in group C's, number three is Irene Irene is here, no, Irene, I come here This is for the second class, so don't worry now about how you go to the podium So one of the ideas that we had also is that we have to match our speech and vocabulary to the audiences' knowledge Speech and vocabulary, content Content, yeah Perfect, and in group A, 10 Lara Lara, three ideas, voice, content, and third one You will practice this path to the podium in the second class, don't worry So we think that it's very important to have a good instructor Like you need to have a story that you want to tell So you can follow a story and have a good instructor Okay, perfect, thank you I missed one point, one aspect We have voice, we have content and instructor and what else What? The pitch of the presentation, the stage, the slides I don't know, many things So, yes We can divide the main aspects in a presentation in these three parts The first one is, the first one is, the first one before the presentation is the content That's a selection, that's a structure, you know Second one is the form, the number of communication, the number of language, the gestures and the voice And the third one is the scenery, stage, time, especially control of time, the space I'm going to give you this presentation mark, so you don't have to Yeah, I'll give you everything, so don't worry Just listen to me The scenery is supporting materials, space, time, these kind of things Okay, these are the three classes that we have The first one is for content, the second one will work about the form, number of language, confidence and whatever And the third one is about the support materials, time, these kinds of things PowerPoint, death of PowerPoint, these kinds of things This is the third one So, don't miss any class because if you can't come here, so we won't get the whole information We miss one special important part because three parts are really important, okay But today we'll focus on the content I'm sorry, this is the hardest class I know because content is complicated in the sense More than voice, more than support materials, you know But it's really important And we have to work with data selection and data structure, especially So, perfect the ideas, we have to structure the information Summary for today, little onion can tell us So here we go, this is the summary for today How do people perceive? What is your goal? How your audience is? What information are you going to present? How are you going to structure this information? What kind of languages are you going to use? What rhetorical devices are you going to use? Easy, this is what we are going to work today Perfect, and we have to start, we are going to start for attention Because attention is really important, you know Many of you have written something about attention, can see attention, attention Attention is important So let's watch this video And the idea is to know how attention works I'm going to show you something that's not completely legal Amazing, but did you happen to notice all the things that have changed Since the scene began? Action I'm going to show you something that's not completely legal While we held your attention on the money The table turned to a stool Apollo magically got a new hat and handkerchief And all the posters and cards in the background changed Your brain just played a trick on you We all think we're paying close attention to the world around us But strange as it may sound, this is just an illusion Go Misdirection is an elegant form of attention control Our brains only allow us to really focus on one thing at a time So when we have you deciphering a mystery down here Another mystery can be happening back here So did you miss the eight things that changed throughout the scene? Don't feel bad if you were fooled Since you can't pay attention to everything at once Your brain has to prioritize what's most important Attention is like mental money And psychologists like Dan Simons Know your brain has to choose carefully where to spend it Attention is what we focus on in our visual environment It allows us to select some aspects of our world to be seen And others to be ignored or filtered out of awareness For over 20 years, Simons has been studying the brain's inability to keep track of changes A concept known as change blindness Change blindness is the failure to notice surprisingly large change from one moment to the next When we look at our world, we take in a far smaller subset of it than we think we do And that's because attention is limited We can really only focus attention on one thing at a time And that thing is what we really process in a lot of detail and become aware of At this moment, you may feel like you're taking in everything that's happening in front of you But you're not Stare at the poker chip again While you're looking at it, are you giving any thought to the wall color of the room you're sitting in? Or where your hands are placed? Your brain runs on just 12 watts of power Less than a third the amount your refrigerator light bulb uses With such limited energy, your brain is hardwired with countless shortcuts to essentialize the world Since it can't begin to process everything around you, it's evolved to focus in on what counts Okay, so share with your group your main ideas and you can write again What is this important for your presentation? Two minutes Over In group one, Jesus That's not here In group three, Victoria Can you go to... Hi What we were discussing with our group that we learned that our brain can only focus on one thing More intensity More intensity That our brain can only focus on one thing And we need to be really careful where we want the audience to focus Where to drive their attention Perfect, this is the main idea Thanks What is the main idea here? What? The what? No What happened here? Disconnected things, many things at the same time, I can process it This is a good question But probably if I do that Let me put this It's okay? Sorry, I can put the table And now? Are you processing well? Okay This is for the babies Inside It's easy to understand I can have any effort to process that But if you do that And you are talking at the same time And you are reading the slide And I have a slide there, but I'm moving now But I'm doing that with my leg And at the same time I'm doing... It's like I can process that So please, is the main idea in this case is One point at a time Always So at any time in your presentation You have to think about What is the main point? You are focusing the attention Orient the audience just at one point In this second And the other minute is for another thing And so on Now my presentation is in black Because I'm the protagonist now And I will show you a way to do it Very easy to put a slide in black Because now the attention is here And I have... My job here is to orient the attention of the audience That's the idea One point at a time Don't forget that idea This is really important Okay Because multitasking is a myth, you know This is not true Many studies are saying the same I'm showing the same It's not possible to write an email While I'm watching a movie You can do the same Two things at a time But my brain is not focusing on these two things It's just selecting It's alternative My attention is selective So now it's here And then it's here But at the same time it's impossible So probably you won't know anything about the movie Because you are writing an email The email probably had mistakes with the grammar Because you are watching the other moment of the movie So many kind of problems Multitasking is a myth And this is a rule After 10 minutes of your presentation The attention still drops Here you can see Steadily drops What happened here? You have just four minutes in this competition Probably in your conferences You have 15 minutes, 20 minutes About this time What happened when I have less time Than 10 minutes So if I have a four-minute presentation The idea is that Attention could drop Two minutes To drop Two minutes Two minutes So be careful after two minutes If it's 15, 20 My recommendation is to divide Your presentation in chunks Four chunks So five, five, five from five And the idea is that Well, to think about that also If your audience is a non-expert The attention of non-expert Drops after two minutes If it's an expert and know Anything about your job It's about five minutes So this is a problem At any time, if it's two minutes If it's five or ten At this time you have to do something Emotionally relevant Something What can I do? After two minutes Or after five minutes Or after ten Are you teachers? Are you giving classes? Think about that Especially if you have a class of one hour Every ten minutes you have to do something different Something very different Strongly different And then many calls of attention Every two minutes, five minutes Depends on the left But ten minutes it's very... We have to pay attention to these ten minutes What can I do to regain the attention? What? Ask questions But if I have a presentation Of 15 minutes in a conference This is complicated Change? I can change the tone of my voice I can change the intensity of my voice In one moment, for example What else? Put an example We have a lot of resources of content Of form Of material Whatever Change the slide Put a video, put a sound Change your voice Sit down or stand up In this moment Move around Do something But do something, please Okay And this is important as well Attention works with variation Contrast If I'm talking in this way During all the class And for example Sitting there And I can move And do anything And this is boring I need contrast I need variation So something different But comprehension works in a different way Comprehension needs logic Needs structure Needs patterns So we have to combine these two main concepts On one hand I have to do something different Every two minutes Every five minutes Every ten minutes Okay But at the same time I need to structure my discourse in a logical way Because if not I'm lost But the audience Is going to lose all the information It's like You're like a guide And I can say Well, come with me Take my hand And come with me And first We're going to visit this table Okay This table is table number two Okay So it's okay for you? Yes Does it make sense? Okay And now we're going to hear Because I buy this bicycle This is a structure This is logical thing You have to take the hand of your audience And do something like that Okay And we don't pay attention to boring things So please Don't bore me This is the idea What is your purpose in your presentation? I know I know Everything is about the goal It is the purposes and whatever I know But if you don't know Where you go You won't get it It's very clear So And I think that Because I read the outline forms Your outline forms And I think that this is not very clear This is my opinion So what is your purpose when you are doing a presentation? Who? To share information Okay To give information To give a presentation To this kind of thing No This is not my goal My goal is not to go and present all the information Because I'm really a wonderful scientist And I know everything about the topic And I'm very good And I have to show my intelligence Because I'm really I work a lot of hours in this project And I know everything And just for that No This is not your goal Nobody thinks in person In people In your mother Nobody And the goal is always result oriented If you are teachers When you are filling out your syllabus Please think it your students The goal is not to I don't know To study I don't know what This is not the goal The goal is that your student Have to know Have to learn Have to acquire I don't know what So put in the place of your student Put in the place of your audience So this is the main question That you have to think When you are preparing your presentation What will the listener end up Knowing about your research? That's it So result oriented Okay So this is why you have an outline form Saying what is your contribution Because I'm not doing a research If there is not a contribution And the public government Is not finding something If there is not a contribution If you are not thinking About people About what people need in this case Here is the problem I'm a researcher And I'm doing a research About mitochondria This is my slide To start my presentation What do you think? Engaging It's very clear It's nice Someone can be involved In this slide So this is not my point This is not the idea Probably I'm a Really a good specialist In mitochondrias But this is nothing for my mother This is nothing for me I'm a by working communication But I don't know But what happen if I tell you That mitochondrias Are giving you the energy To move your body And that mitochondrias Are really important When you are working out And these are important And this is my work This is my research Because for obesity The function of mitochondrias Are really important Better? My research is the same I'm a specialist as well But now The point is on you Not me I'm not the protagonist here You are the protagonist here So this is the point I prefer this slide And especially if you do that In an attractive way With a smile and whatever So this is the idea With the purpose The audience Who is the audience? I need my assistant again What I can read on the website The jury of each session Will consist of three members Remember Three members To be chosen among researchers Teaching staff Postdocs Alumni Administrative and service staff So Everyone in the university This is the jury for the competition But If you think in your audience You go to a conference My experience during 20 years Is that you have people from Everywhere And probably They are not specialists In your specific topic My experience in communication This is horrible because you go to A conference of communication And communication is everything Everything And you can find anyone Who is the same as you Is really complicated I don't know if in biology In linguistics is the same Low probably The same So What is your audience? Of course teachers Of course researchers Of course doctoral students Students in general People In general I think the frog Thinking the frog If you want Because it's very complicated To find a specialist Like you So please think of that Your audience When you think in your audience You think that is the ideal audience Is alert Is fresh Is prepared to hear What you have to say They know everything about your topic Even they read your paper But no, this is not true This is your audience And I really don't know Why I'm here I'm tired, I'm hungry A disaster Think in your mother Or think about this monkey Because this is your audience Okay Your mission here Is to wake them up Because probably they are very tired Thinking about beach And I don't know many things How many things I have to do So This is your mission to wake them up And especially Make them glad they did Okay The topic The topic is really complicated But in any research You have a problem We have a problem All of us have a problem You have the solution If you don't have a problem Why are you doing a research? I'm very sorry But I have just one outline form Answering me What the problem is The problem is not The problem is not a question And it's not your goal The problem is a problem What happened with I don't know Many people Are Bored in the presentation Because many presenters Read There is life Okay So there is a problem Because these people can understand What you are saying We have problems with comprehension We have problems with processing information And so on And I'm doing a research To present the information For example with a picture With just a sentence What happened with comprehension In this situation This is my solution Of course the result Is that you can Write a lot of words You can just use a picture I have the result So what is the problem And this is my solution And I'm doing research for that So you are Scientist And please don't Tell me It's hard It's a pain for me When someone tells me No I'm not a biologist This is typical I'm working communication I'm working linguistics I'm working law I haven't a methodology Because you are working in I don't know what No, we are here And we are Everyone here Are scientists And the scientist method Is the same for all of us And especially believe me When you have to try To get funding for your research When you are trying to sell Because you are selling your papers To the main journals You are trying to get money for I don't know You have to explain that in a very easy way And you have to Make clear what The problem that you are trying to solve is Because if people Can see this Problem Why they will give you money For that So think about that So we have a problem And make clear from the beginning We have a problem And you have this solution And this problem is really interesting And of course affects people Affects people or animals Or whatever This is the most important thing At the beginning of your presentation Make clear what the problem Is And you have the solution Of course Because if not you are not doing research So you have the solution You don't have now the solution But when you will do Your dissertation You will have the results So you will have the solution It's of course a really gross solution A thought solution And if of course the solution It's for people, helps people Right? So far so good It's Hard to think in these terms But believe me It's the best way to To start your careers As a scientist Probably if you are working In biomedicine Of course the main It's true, it's really easy to see These Structure in biomedicine Or in biology Or in medicine, in science in general Because You are working with your body It's easy to understand The rest of disciplines try to Think in these terms as well If you Want to get funding For Europe, of Europe or whatever It works in this way So Clear the problem And clear the solution Is it clear? So we have a problem, 1 plus gram Equal 3 What is the solution? I can't know OK When you are selecting your data For your presentation, be careful Less is more So just take one part Of your presentation If this for If it's for this competition It's just 4 minutes So please just select one part That means not all my whole research With all the variables that I'm Running and all the I don't know, I'm running 3 different No, one experiment Or one bubble, one thing Just one thing So less is more It's like a mini skirt Should be like a mini skirt So Short enough To raise expectations But long enough To cover the main parts So this is the idea A mini skirt Not too much information Many of you Have written about too much information In the presentation of the guy The student Not too much information, I'm very clear Select I don't know, the part of your research That are more interesting, more attractive Whatever Something easy to understand That's the idea So what's the main point I want to make To my audience, in this case It's not hard But not everything, cut everything So I don't want to Know about the background The frugal system, the shortcomings of frugal The overview of synthetic epimorphins The reducible detectable of the pseudo-critical Fragment, the technical details Of the related work I don't want this Nothing about this Unless if you have 4 minutes In 4 minutes It's really fast There's nothing about that Even in a conference If you are giving a talk about 15 minutes Forget it Forget everything The structure The structure is really important, you know And this is the structure of our presentation We have an introduction We have a development And we have a conclusion This is easy to understand Because if you are telling a story, it's the same For this competition It should be about 1 minute 1 minute and a half But even when you have a Longest presentation 1 minute and a half 1 minute The introduction, very easy, very clear The development The middle, so it depends on The length, but 3 minutes in the case of this competition And in the conclusion 30 seconds No more than 30 seconds What happened in the beginning? Let's Tell you something about the beginning You know that in the In the first 10 seconds People decide If they don't like you Just 10 seconds In 20 seconds People decide If you are competent In this topic 20 seconds And in the next 10 seconds, that's it 30 seconds They decide If your presentation Is or not Interesting So, I like you 10 seconds You are competent 20 seconds And You are telling me it's interesting 30 seconds Just 30 seconds The beginning is really important In my opinion, it's the most important thing In your presentation Well, at the beginning You know Mema, introduce yourself Say hello, this kind of things My recommendation is Not to introduce yourself And Not the title of your presentation For this competition, you have just 4 minutes You are wasting your time To start saying I'm Mema and I'm Gonna talk about I don't know Because I'm wasting my time In 4 minutes it's impossible But you have a presenter You have always a presenter Saying, well, this is Mema And this is From the department, I don't know where And the presentation is titled I don't know When you go to a conference, it's the same You have a chairman Presenting you So why are you wasting your time Saying I'm Mema Because finally When you are in the question time How many times You heard this I have a question But I don't know The name of How many times Many times Nobody remembers your name It's too much information And your name is not Relevant In this case My advice is just to Put out a slide, the first slide With a title And your name But don't say it People can't read Don't say it, just put the slide Wait, and when you start you change the slide For this presentation For this competition Put a standard slide for everyone So don't worry about the first slide Just start directly with The attention-getter And the problem and the solution In the introduction First, you have to start with The attention-getter It's easy to understand what it is And the problem explanation So attention-getter Problem to solve Significant for people Solution to propose In one minute It's a little bit hard But no, don't worry Attention-getter Something different, something new Something whatever So I want ideas about that How can I start In a very suppressive way In a very different way My presentation You can work with your group Who has a very suppressive idea A very different idea That's typical Hi, I'm Emma I'm going to talk about Nobody? What's your name? Herwe Herbolla Nice name I've never heard it Okay, an example You said? I did it Perfect, more ideas? Great Another one? Asking something A rhetorical question Or a question in general There are many things that you can do Many things You have a lot of options I have here One of tell a story, an anecdote An experience A rhetorical question, a question A statement, for example A quotation Humor, suspense, a game Surprising statistics, data I don't like humor Especially at the beginning If you're a clown with your Friends and you are really funny I don't know But this is not my recommendation The beginning is the worst It's the worst because you have to break the eyes You have the audience Here, in this way Expecting So if you Tell a joke, this joke Don't work Doesn't work Run Run, so Don't do it, especially at the beginning Then in the development If you see that The audience is really funny With you, probably it's okay But not at the beginning, please So you have all these options And more If you've ever seen a human brain It's obvious that the two have a Completely separate from one another And I have brought for you A real human brain So this is a real human brain This is the front of the brain The back of the brain With a spinal cord hanging down And this is how it would be positioned Inside of my head And when you look at the brain It's obvious that the two cerebral Hemispheres are completely separate From one another For those of you who understand computers Our right hemisphere functions Like a parallel processor While our left hemisphere functions Like a serial processor The two hemispheres do communicate With one another through the corpus callosum Which is made up of some 300 million axonal fibers But other than that The two hemispheres are completely Separate But if you don't have A Real brain I have my walking brain as well When I go To a presentation And talk about the brain You can put this walking brain And it's funny and well It works You can use objects People like objects Probably I don't know The object, but you can go to the Genos or the Pakistanis or whatever You can find everything there Toys are really useful as well I don't know Or you can do something to show I don't know an idea I don't know I can do many things with my body And moving But objects are really clear Next week I can Show you something Something else about that Objects You have to know where you are Of course if you are in a tech talk You are talking to everyone So you need to be really clear If you are in a conference That is specific about your topic You can do other things But do other things I can tell you my experience I always I don't know Always people Remember my presentation About the others Even when I go to a presentation That is specific Of my topic I can do many things You know everything about your topic You can think In something different That people don't know People don't think about it Do you know what I mean Does it make sense Even when I talk For someone that for example I work with sound Imagine Well I'm a voiceover Better, I'm a voiceover Now I In March I have to go to Atlanta To give a presentation For voiceover Of the United States To train voiceovers You know what a voiceover is Voiceover For example I have Levy Strauss in Spain And when you call to Levy Strauss It's me saying hello So this kind of things When I put my voice for advertisement Or this kind of things This is a voiceover The voice that you hear In advertising Or your phone calls So Even when I go to this Specific area I can surprise them With many things Like for example A very bad At for example on radio Or for example what I do It's another resource For the third class Is to prepare the stimuli You are doing Your stimuli as well So I prepare I record For example people saying something Tell me You don't need a microphone Or something special Tell me I don't know what Because I work with prosody And intonation probably This person That doesn't know about Prosody Will do very bad And I have my example And I go And this is the first sound I can hear And we can analyze many aspects So even when you Have Expert Expert people You can do it You can think about one thing For the next class Give us Tell us in the next class One of your topic One research that you are doing And we can think All together something different to start For specific people How many people Use Sound in your Economy One idea Start with a sound You have the possibility all over the world Because you always have A computer Someone that is asking you What do you need for your presentation And if not Do you know what I do I go with my computer With my Headphones With speakers With everything This speaker Is small I go with it everywhere And I put the sound Because when you Go to a conference Rooms are really Small So you can use that It's okay The main presenter The main speaker You have everything This is my experience I go to Atlanta, I go to Paris And everything is what do you need I need sound, I need video I need many things And try it If you do something different If nobody uses sound And for example you have a problem In your research Explain us what is the problem Of your research What you are researching Record to your grandmother Saying that And start with that Don't explain you It's your grandmother Who is explaining It's really about norms These norms are written Yeah I agree I agree Of course But the problem is that The perception of people is not that Form Is not The form that you are using Is accomplishing Is with your content So people are deciding If you are competent Not just for the content Mainly not for the content So if you are bored You are You are boring I can hear you So it's a question of attention It's the same what you are telling me And I would like to This is my experience But try it Try to do something maybe If there are rules When you are presenting You are a good presenter And you can get the attention or not This is the only thing here It's not a question of the content It's just How can I explain to you that In a very easy and attractive way Easy is about the content Attractive is about the form So If you have these strong rules Of many people That are really Boring Or doing nothing So what do you think When you are listening to that What do you think when you are listening to that Do you like it? So you are answering the question In the sense that it's your experience And your experience is not different From other people because people are the same We are the same In terms of cognitive processes We are the same We are working in the same way So it's your option But of course If you are in a very strong Situation on these kind of people Do something different But not Show a brain So this is an extreme So try to do something different For example starting with a picture Or starting with a video Or showing something For example for me it's very easy To explain prosody With chords And well it's easy Because it's the way in which you can understand it Better But even when you are in your discipline Probably you never Have someone Who knows the same as you You are the specialist And you have to try to To be simple And if this object of course You have Never, never, never, never Do something that is completely And related to your Research If I go do this Now This exercise Why are you doing that? No, something related to Okay If I have to go To a Tino shop To buy these Objects To show you Or to understand you how attention works It's fine I'm not competent for that No, I'm just trying to show you An effort for you And you know it Because this is the proof So If I were you I would be very happy In this sense, oh well It's like You are doing something for people Or you are just here Talking Because you have to talk about your research And that's it Or you are doing that Trying to move to for action And trying to people wake up This is an effort I'm really tired now But this is my job But if I'm here Just doing nothing It's nothing So your work is for nothing In my experience that When you do something Outstanding in your presentation People will remember you And probably all the questions Will write to you And probably Because this happens In all the conferences The problem of us is that We are a little bit shy And Because everyone is shy We have these presentations Everywhere This is not So just measure The level of I don't know What you are doing So maybe The audience is hard So try to do something A little bit And if You have all the audience here Like in this competition for example Or I don't know Tech talks or these kind of things Try to do something different If it's related to your research And it's showing something interesting Of your research No problem There will be no problem No problem about that And people remember it to you This is really important Okay, so Record to Your grandmother To do it Okay What else This This student You might recognize this building But for those of you who don't This is what the hub is projected to look like At the end of this school year So the hub construction project Has been going on since the summer of 2013 The new building is said to include New seating space A Thon merchandise store A renovated food court And bookstore A green roof A green roof A green roof A green roof As well as just a more convenient relocation Of the venues that are inside So awesome, right? We're all for this project Except for one problem It's already been in the works For over a year So we constantly have to change our paths Due to blocked off walkways And we're visibly and audibly bombarded Every time we pass the hub And this year sophomores didn't get a chance To experience the hub lawn like they should have This is just one example of how construction Takes way too long of a time Not to mention the fact that it's one of the most dangerous Jobs there is for workers My name is Amela Alkarim I'm in engineering science and math here at Penn State Okay, one minute, just a problem In one minute Here we have other problem Easy So you can do it in one minute, it's easy Right? And here we have another example But I will let you Pay attention to the Exam Of the over half million HIP replacements done in the past year in the United States 60,000 of them Have been revisions, redos Mess ups and mistakes that could have been avoided If the orthopedic surgeons And the people developing those medical materials Had worked more closely To make biomaterials that are safer For our patients My grandmother is one of those 60,000 people who had to have her HIP And the fact that her health Was put at risk because of a con It's clear She uses his mother It's very Clear She has a problem and I have the solution For this Development, development is easy How to get the solution This is the beginning, at the beginning Remember first something different And then problem and solution Okay Here Here we have a problem Here I can hear about methodology What is your methodology If your framework Is easy to understand, you can mention it If not, don't do it Because it's really complicated and I don't understand Okay But it's important the methodology Participants stimulate variables Okay Even when you don't have the results But you have a methodology Or not You must have a methodology Or not You can just explain Well I will I don't know I selected 100 participants To listen to Some radio commercials And the idea is to measure the variables Of attention memory And engagement Whatever What I'm going to do is to put this I don't know, guys to see something Whatever Displaying the procedure And in the procedure you can explain methodology And the variables And that's it You have all these methods To write the development I'll give it to you But you just Read it Are they clear? The scriptive, comparative, sequential, inductive, deductive Problem This is our goal here Consequences progressive and logic So you have to See what is the better For your research Steep jobs Have you heard the Discourse of steep jobs In Stanford? It's really famous And what happened there? It's very famous And he started saying Well I'm going to tell you three stories And it's one story Second story That's it And there are stories about His family Who is very famous It's an old technique It's a really old technique For me it's not a good Presentation Because there's nothing new It's just three stories Story telling is really old So you can use a story This discourse is famous First because he was ill In this moment And second because it's steep jobs That's it But not for that discourse Because it's three stories This is the structure Nothing else You can use this resource It works It's really... It's emotional I have a heart here So think about it Not just the brain And at the end Conclusion, really easy Summarized in one sentence And a final statement A strong closing Let me just Take a break But one thing The conclusion is the same It's irrelevant as well If you start with an object You can end with the same object Or with the same statement Or saying the solution was You can do many things But what is important After that You have to write everything And the outline form That I gave you This is the function So you just take now The outline form From the good afternoon Or good morning And then everything Work by work Because if not, it's impossible to control the time Many things To do something logical To structure your ideas To find the vocabulary You know, the competition Last year was In English, Spanish or Catalan My idea this year is just in English Research is in English Sorry, so we have to do it in English And we have to It's the language of science So Precisely for that reason You have to write every word Check the expressions Check grammar Yeah, but Someone When a group of researchers In the States Did the same research that I did 20 years ago in my World of Disaster Station Exactly the same And The radios on television called me Five years ago as an specialist In voice processing To tell me, wow, what's your opinion About this research, I say, oh my gosh But I did that But I did it in Spanish So it's for nothing I'm sorry This is in English And it's for In this moment it was like I was feeling Really bad because It's the same research, but my research Is published in Spanish And nobody knows about that And someone told me Well, I'm sorry You are doing the navigation And they are doing Research, say What? What are you telling me that? This is really strong This is really hard But yeah, it's really hard Because I think that Science could be done In all the languages Why I have to do it just in English But now the word is that And if you are In this world trying to Publish in top journals And believe me, this is your goal In the future Is that These are the rules So From the beginning I just Have to do that After 20 Years of researching So if you can do from the beginning It's better Believe me, but try to do it In English And probably you have to go To many conferences in Europe And I don't know Is it in English? I can do that I can Okay, so Important Very important, this is the structure Okay, we have a beginning A development And at the end, the conclusion But now we have to join these parts Okay And to do that We have to use transitions Because if not, we have a research Showing that If you don't use To give coherence To the text, to your discourse People won't understand anything So This is important So mark with transitions Mark with this kind of expressions Your discourse To start off, let's move now To the next point To recap, to some other At the end But also You have to give coherence Not just external So you have to use Inside the text These other transitions However, consequently, you know in blue For example So mark the main part Of the discourse with external transitions And then inside Of each part, you have to use These Transitions Consequently, people understand Things when you are Guiding, and guiding, please Another assistant Guiding means This is Show that This is the first table And then we have the second table And then we have the third table So one, two, three What is the beginning? What is the beginning? I don't know Well, the beginning of this I don't know And then the other is To mark things I have to guide you Or this happens Because the cause is I don't know what And then I have consequences For easy, logical I'll give you a lot So don't worry about that Because we have additive transitions We have adversitive Transition, we have a lot A lot So I'll give you So just take it When you are riding, you can use it Let's take a break But what I would like you to do Now is to go To take the break in couples With a colleague And we have the Outline forms there So take your Outline form And go to your couple Or whatever And try to explain the introduction Just the introduction, problem, contribution In one minute Just in one minute You can use the timer of your phone Or whatever So take the Outline form And we have 15 minutes Till three So let's go Let's go again How was your introduction In one minute? Was it okay or not? Yes or not? Someone can Would you like to come here and explain To all of us your introductions And one can Do it I don't know, I don't remember your name Lara Lara and your colleague Where is your colleague? It's not here It's the same Are your colleagues Don't worry Start like the first time Outside In the podium please Just one example, very fast So I study human population Genetics Basically we are interested In North Africa So what we do is We go there, take blood samples From people Problem? Okay Again The other version The other one So We study human population Genetics We are interested in North Africa Because there is little known about That region And it is known by historical records But sometimes it is biased So we need some more information Stop Problem? We don't have many information about these shoes In Africa So need more She is improvising, please An applause because But second thing Second version is what I Have to In this outline The problem is the most important Engage people Think about your mother How can I start What my mother knows about that What is the problem This is really important Think about that Thank you, Lara Second time here This outline form Is for you Is a way to work in the future For all your presentations My advice is Fill out the form Before start preparing your Presentation because it is a way To clarify your ideas What is the problem And answer the question Because you didn't answer the question That the problem is not My goal in this research Is not this is your goal This is not your problem We have a problem What is the solution What is your contribution Why this research is Completely different from the rest What are you Your contribution When you are writing a paper This is a key point The states, the dissertation The first part is The summary at the beginning And then The table of contents The next one is the contribution In the state It's important The contribution But here in Spain Yeah No, it's not the same Especially if you are trying To get funds and whatever So be clear with that So it's a document To work in the future If someone can Need help about that When I finish When I end the three classes Feel free to email me And if you want We can go to take a coffee Or something to have a coffee And talk about that I can help you with one With some part of this outline form But here is impossible Because we have just limited time Language What kind of language We have to use English Words Verbal and scriptamon What does it mean Latin, please Words are flying Words are flying Yeah This is really important Repeat it again, please Because it's written Words are... I promise you What you promised me Oral communication is completely different From reading communication And this is really important It's not the same To write So what kind of What characteristics Do you think that Communication has Oral communication Characteristics Different from reading communication Dependent on content But On context In media Now I'm talking if you Lose my words Sorry, it's ephemeral So you have to repeat And repeat and repeat and repeat This is really important Can you see this text This is a anti-text What do you think This is a universal expression It's the same language What happened with this text Because the presenter Said that In this way The present state of atomic theory Is characterized by the fact that We not only believe What happened Is what It's not simple More Introduction But language I'm now focusing on The language It's complex Hard But why is complex But even if it's written It's really hard Very long sentences Concrete things Very long sentences In Spanish In Catalan French We write with very long sentences But please If you are preparing a paper For a journal in English Don't forget that Beardies in mind For them it's just Subject, bird and predicate And stop They can process this more than that So This is completely This is really complicated Short sentences No more than ficting words Especially if it's oral communication No more than ficting words And the main idea here is that One idea Equal A sentence So I look for Mary at the bus station Easy Easy The second one, no We have a lot of ideas there So I'm completely lost No First one So Another thing that I'd like you to pay attention This text Every sentence in this text Are already long Of course But every sentence Is given new information Is given to you new information And nobody talks in this way Tales of A typical conversation with my mom So the last time I was home Visiting my parents I was hanging around in the kitchen with my mom And she said, I just made some fish Would you like some fish? And she said, you don't like fish? And I said, no mom, I don't like fish And she said, this is tuna fish And I said, I know mom, but I don't like fish And she said, I make some chopped celery in there So it has a little crunch to it And I said, no thanks mom, I don't like fish And she said, you know fish is really healthy And I said, I know mom, but I don't like it And she said, all the healthiest people eat fish And I said, I know mom And she said, in fact I think the healthiest people Eat more fish than they do beef or chicken And I said, I know mom, but I don't like fish way in which we speak, in general, while this is a stream, but this is the way. So when we talk, we give to our listeners given information and new information, but never we give new information in any sentence. This is a very, very important and basic rule of oral communication. So in this case, researchers have been examining the way people choose where to sit in a library. What in the first sentence is given information and what is new information? This is the sound effect. What is new information and what is given information? What is the most important thing in the first sentence? What is the information that you need? In other words, the way people choose where to sit, where to sit in a library. And in the second one, by the other people in the room. Perfect. So in blue, given information, in red, new information. And this is the way to structure sentences. This is why you have to write everything to think in these kind of things. So this is the principle given before new information. This principle is called this way and it works. So I have to give you the given information before the new. And why is the principle of end wait? Why is called the principle of end wait? We, exactly, we put the main information at the end. Why? Because again, the thing that I have to do at the beginning is, is, is catch your attention. And then when I have your attention, I give you the main information. This is the way in which language works. So please pay attention to that. Well, do you know the other day, I don't know, I can explain you, I can explain you, but the other day, what happened, what happened was, oh my gosh, what I'm doing now? What am I doing? I need your attention first. And when I know, when I notice that you are paying me attention, then I give you information. I'm sorry, I don't know, something important. After that, this is the way in which attention works. First, I have to catch the attention, I have to give you the main information. For example, who can rewrite, reward the sentence in this way with this principle? You have an advantage. You, you. So what is the main information here? I'll give you what the policy first was, and now is the most important thing, to interview all the witnesses to the accident. Other example, this is easy, rewrite it. There is a famous song saying, all I want for Christmas is you. No, it's a new code in this case. All I want for Christmas, pause, is a new code. If I write these sentences in this way, the prosody is with me, because it's easy. Pause before the main important thing, and then the most important thing. And this is the way in which complication is improved, okay? Mary works harder than anybody else in this organization. Who is who works harder? Mary works harder. The person who works harder than anybody else in this organization, pause, is Mary. Other resources, prosody is one of the most important elements in speech. But you are wondering what prosody is? Yes, I cut your attention now. Why? Because I have a question, and I change the rhythm. But if you don't write the sentence in this way, I can play with my voice and do these kinds of pauses and these kinds of strategies, okay? So, well, I was wondering what prosody is, and I changed my volume, my intensity, my whatever. And then, well, it's hard to define, stop, not now. And now, well, intonation can be defined as, so I prepared you during all this time to know what is, what is, what is, what is, now. But if I start the sentence and say, or the presentation saying, prosody is the... No idea after that, you know what I mean? So, an example. Have you experienced sometimes when you are listening to the radio, for example, and say, well, 200 people died in an accident, very strong accident in... Where do you come from? In Barcelona City? In Barcelona, when she pay attention, when I say Barcelona, but I lost all the information, all the main information is lost. So, this is not the way in which I have to give you the information, okay? Got it? Yeah? Many reasons why these chemical substances do not work are... So, write the sentences in this way, okay? Use positive expression, affirmative expression. Use, please, vary the sentence, like I did. Interrogative, exclamative, declarative sentences. Don't use subordinate classes. Subject bear predicate and stop. Fixing words, a sentence, one idea, one sentence, stop. Specific language, visual language. It's easy when you are trying to describe something and try that listener imagine in his or her brain what you are saying. So, try to use these visual images to create visual images in the brain of the listener. Short words, there are a lot of... I'm not here to explain all the studies that are saying or showing that positive expression are better for comprehension or whatever. Believe me, short words is a basic in psychology. An active voice, no passive voice. Never use a long word when short, will we do. Very important. Attention with numbers, especially in economy. You. Of course, probably your public is... Well, it's used to listen to all these numbers, but nobody understands numbers. Believe me, nobody. You are telling me that 1,000 and I don't know, no. So, run numbers or use comparisons, always. These, I don't know, these numbers is like a big, I don't know, a big scream or a big table or I don't know, something compare. Be careful with numbers because there are long words, very long words and probably it's meaning is not important. I use these kind of results when you are talking and take this long number and it's just to think the next thing that I have to say, you know what I mean? So, but there are not good words at first. And pronouns as well, sorry, pronouns as well. Repeat the subject. Repeat in any sentence, repeat the subject. I don't know what the subject is when you are talking. Okay, resources, I'm going to go fast here because I'll give you, so don't worry, but you have a lot of resources to use. Repetition, redundancy and repetition is basic in our communication as well. So, this is a discourse of Winston Churchill, we sulfide, we sulfide, we sulfide, very easy. Well, I say to them tonight, there is not a liberal America and a conservative America, there is the United States of America. Clear, not one, not the other. This is the United States of America. The gestures are very important, okay. Another process is a repetition of the last word and start the next sentence with this word. For example, isolated and isolation on insecurity and insecurity is the same, suspicion, fear, suspicion and fear, these kind of things are good to maintain the, for comprehension especially. And after I say the same repetition, look at Berlin, look at Berlin, look at Berlin. This is Barack Obama again. We are one people, all of us pledging allegiance to the stars and stripes, all of us defending the United States of America. All of us, all of us, all of us, okay. Climatic order, we increase in the climates, we are extending order, we have an extending order. It's the hope of slaves sitting around a fire singing freedom songs. The hope of immigrants setting out for distant shores. The hope of a young naval lieutenant bravely patrolling the Mekong Delta. The hope of a mill worker's son who dares to defy the odds. The hope of a skinny kid with a funny name who believes that America has a place for him too. The hope, increasing the intensity, increasing the face of difficulty. Hope in the face of uncertainty. Hope, hope, hope, hope, hope. A position, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, a great and good president, a believer, a fighter, the same structure, okay. Analogy, something is like, something. Conduplication is the same as repetition of a keyword. So you can use a keyword or a key expression during your presentation. For example, this is very typical. It was a creed written into the founding documents that declared the destiny of the nation. Yes, we came. Yes, we came. So you can use a expression like that or, I don't know. Examples, you have to use a lot of examples. Metaphors as well, parallelism, you know what it is. Personification, this is really important. The heart of America is heavy, the spirit of America. My parents shared not only an improbable love, they shared an abiding faith in the possibilities of this nation. I stand here knowing that my story is part of the larger American story, that I owe a debt to all of those who came before me and that in no other country on earth is my story even possible. Emotion, this is directly to the heart for you. Okay, rhetorical question, you know, this is easy. Sentence, well, a strong sentence at the end, quotations, you can use it. You are researchers, so you have a lot. Similarly, like something, right, you have a lot of resources. Also descriptions, descriptions are very important in order to, well, to, for visual images of people. Okay, so descriptions and that's the end. So finally, we have the content, we know that the content should be simple and you have to give a clear instructor. Mausie, I think that they have something to say. Hi again, this is what you have to remember about this class. First, plan your presentation, choose a part of your research, select a part of your research, which is the most interesting and attractive, the easiest to understand. So think about your mother. Fill out the outline form you have and gather all the resources you have about this part. Okay, second step, write your presentation. Take the outline form and start developing it. Divide your page in three main parts, the introduction, the development and the conclusion. Use external transitions to present these parts. Prepare the introduction. It's just one minute or one minute and a half, you know? Choose a surprising attention gather. Explain what the problem is and why this problem is interesting and affects people. Explain what is your solution and mention the goal of your research. Second, prepare the development about three minutes. Select the information you will use, especially the methodology, participants, stimuli, part of rules, design or your research. Extract the information, choose a method to do it. And the last step, prepare the conclusion about just 30 seconds. Summarize your work in one sentence, one sentence. Close with a strong statement and use internal transitions to connect the different sentences. And finally, while you are writing your presentation, use short and simple sentences. Just one idea, one sentence. Positive expressions, visual language, a specific and short words, active voice and no subordinate classes. No, no, no. Prepare the audience for the main information. And the key thing here is be careful with numbers that burst and pronounce and use rhetorical devices, especially redundancy and repetition. Eh, especially redundancy and repetition. And don't forget emotions because I'm really cute. That's it. See you next week. Okay, here you can take your handout for today. You have everything here, so don't worry. And I will send you all the information but at the end of the course, okay? But for today, this is your handout, so take it. And next week, voice and gestures. Okay, just voice and gestures. Okay. We're mousy. Poor.