 Birth defects are a major health concern worldwide, with approximately half of all cases being unexplained. Early diagnosis and treatment of these conditions can help reduce morbidity and mortality rates. In this paper, we reviewed current practices in diagnosing and treating birth defects, including prenatal screening, and discussed the need for further research into the causes of these conditions. This article was authored by O.M. Gorbitik, I.A. Mekdonsky, and H.V. Kirolo.