 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education. I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, S.S. Khanna Galshree College, University of Allahabad. And in the series of discussing various educational philosophies, this time I am going to discuss the last topic of this paper, that is Humanism, Mahanav Tawar. And this lecture will be useful for your various competitive teaching examinations as well as for your regular B.A.M.A. and professional B.A.M.A courses. So, let's start. Mahanav Tawar. We have read a lot of talks about idealism, realism, pragmatism, naturalism, existentialism, logical positivism and Marxism. And this one is the last 10 years syllabus. Mahanav Tawar. So, you can say that this is a talk that started in psychology and then it came into philosophy. So, we are first psychologists. Let's see who are the people who have worked on it. Then, what is it? What kind of things do they give? What is the purpose of it? What is the knowledge of it? And how much is it? We will discuss this in this video. So, the humanistic learning theory was developed by Abraham Maslow. Abraham Maslow, we have heard a lot of your names. We read the theory of Maslow's hierarchy, the theory of need of hierarchy. So, they developed this theory. Apart from this, rogers. If you remember, we had read the Rogers of time. So, you will remember that this is about real self and ideal self. That there is a difference between the two. This is the lesson of reducing the difference. Real self, which we actually are. And ideal self, which we should be. And James F.T. Vigental in the early 1900s. So, why did humanism come? It was a response to the common educational theories at the time. They were saying that at that time, who was from Sheikh Shik Sathan Prachalit, he came to their side. What was Prachalit? At that time, the business man and psychoanalysis were talking a lot. Abraham Maslow is the father of the movement. He is a janak and he is a very influential psychologist. He is the most famous man in humanism. If he is a psychologist, then Abraham Maslow will be created. And he made a pyramid. The pyramid told us the hierarchy of needs. I mean, we need humans to make hierarchy. The hierarchy means that you can't go down. So, he told us that the first thing we need to do is to fulfill our needs. Then, we need to fulfill our needs with food shelter. When he will fulfill it, he will come up with the concept of safety. When he will be safe, he will come up with the concept of belongingness. That he belongs to someone, he is a different person. When he will get the belongingness, he will come up with the concept of respect. And after that, when all our requirements are fulfilled, we have money, money, honor, respect, everything happens to us. Then we get the feeling of self-actualization. We want to fulfill the goal of our life. We can do our best show, we have the best potential. And this is the pyramid of the top-of-the-line. So, Abraham Maslow did the hierarchy of needs like this. Now, look at the importance of humanity. Human beings need to fulfill their needs first. They need to fulfill their needs first. They need to fulfill their needs first. They need to fulfill their needs first. They need to fulfill their needs first. And finally, you should do this for the self-actualization of the state. When we study the philosophy of humanism from here, it is an approach to life based on humanity and reason. It is said that there is no other way but to live a life which is only based on humanity and reason. I am reading this word-to-word. I am explaining this to you. Just keep an eye on humanity. There is nothing like God. There is nothing like God. Everything should happen. What is morality and ethics? That we should be able to understand humanity. That we should be happy. That we should be fulfilled. That is morality. That is moral nature. That is moral ethics. That is everything. And it is said that you do not need to believe in any religious authority. You should take care of your own natural world. When will you be able to understand any moral action if it is based on humanity? It is moral. Rather than in the culture in the world. There is nothing like God's wish. God's wish is to have humanity. And it is said that a democratic, a democratic and a democratic lifestyle believes that human beings have the right. It is said that human beings have the right. And it should be a responsibility that they give their life to the earth, the space, the free enquiry. They have the right to be able to thoroughly investigate. They do work according to the reason. They do work according to the nature. Is it God or God? Is it power or God? It is not about the wish. You take care of your own nature. The rest of the people take care of it. This is the most beautiful nature. This is the most knowledge. And what are they saying? There is a philosophy of this kind in which the human being's nature, nature and dignity are defeated. This is faith in the human being. It is a belief in the human being. And they are saying that every human being has the power to apply scientific methods and reasons according to the scientific method and the nature of the power. They do that by combining the power and the vision. They can solve their problems with the help of their eyes, eyes, eyes and eyes. You don't have to do anything against it. You don't have to force it. So what came out of this? That these humans have the ability to act of their own free will. This is what they call free will. Let them work with the free will. Let them listen to their own things and what they have to do in life. What they have to do. What they have to become. And every human being is good in his own core, in his own nature, in his own inner nature. And he has the power to do good to others. And what do you want the humans to do in the end? That they are in this state where they have all the necessary things to be fulfilled so that they can self-actualize. I mean to self-actualize. What are we? And the great person is saying that subjective reality is better than objective reality. Why? Because subjective reality involves our subject, involves our feelings, involves our emotions. And what are they saying? What is science? They are saying that all humans are human beings. Humans are everything. Humans are human beings. Humans are the dignity of humans. Humans are human beings. So they are saying that knowledge is the same. The whole universe is human beings who are the creator of knowledge. There is no other way. And how will we do that? We will do science and science and science and science. What is good about the principle that our dignity is treated in a similar way and that our friends, our relatives, our dignified men are talking about the same value. And what is ethics? They are saying that humans are actors who are the most naïve. We work naïvely. We have so much power. We have so much power. What else are they saying? They are saying that talk about types. Many types of types are said in Manav Gawad. They say that they are secular. Because they don't believe in God. Why don't they believe in God? Why don't they believe in God? Because at that time you don't do that. You are a religious guru. And a human being has to act like a priest. That you do this. You do this. You do this. You do this. You do this. You do this worship. They said that if a human being is suffering, then what does that mean? They are not happy with that. They said that we don't believe in God. The human being is God. He is the Truth. Follow his will. Follow his will. Follow his will. Follow his will. Respect him. But somewhere religious, even humanism is found. So they are connected with some kind of theistic. But they are not a part of any religion. Renaissance humanism. What does Renaissance mean? Punar Jagaran. They say that humanism itself is a kind of philosophy that talks about Punar Jagaran. Because a human being has awakened. He has awakened. He understood how capable he is. How capable he is. How good he is. So that's why Renaissance. Then post-humanism when it came, it was very interesting. He said that you are giving so much power to a human and you have left the rest of the species. So he gave up. And educational humanism means that you teach that way so that the intellect of the person can be so developed that he is a human. He can be a complete human. So educational humanism. And also many types. But I think for you it's okay. It's a work. You can read more than that. But you will read so much. You will know a lot. Okay. So in this way your philosophy is complete. If you want, you can read Carl Rogers and add it because I have already discussed it. I have not written it here. Because how he talked about real self, ideal self. You can make this hierarchy, theoretical, parameter, diagrams in it. And as a rule, just understand that a human is everything according to this philosophy. Idealism has everything. Nature has everything. Nature has everything. Pregnitism has everything. Pregnitism has everything. Pregnitism has everything. Insistentialism has everything. Pregnitism has everything. Logical, positive, logical, all things are in the same way. Like in humanism, like in Marx, in the economic, money, property, economic benefits are in the same way. Man is in the same way. Man is in the same way. Man is in the same way. Man is in the same way. Okay. So I have covered this last philosophy of your syllabus too. That is humanism. Thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe and let's go to the next one. I have done it from my I mean