 Namaste. I am Dr. T. Manohar, chief urologist, laser, laparoscopic, robotic and transplant surgeon. There are various conditions affecting the kidney, like infections, stones, cancers, certain autoimmune disorders, congenital conditions, finally leading to kidney damage and kidney failures. On this World Kidney Day, I would like to address one condition that is the kidney stones. Recently, there is an upside, upsurge in the kidney stone formation in the younger generation. What are the reasons for this? There are three conditions, like environmental factors, where there is extreme temperature changes are happening and the patients are moving from one place to another place. Foot-fatism, where the people are managing themselves, micromanaging their body with excess intake of proteins, like animal proteins, and then the third one is the lifestyle changes, where people are exposed to different places, different environments. Sometime, for example, they sleep in the morning hours, they work in the daytime, and so the food habits are changed, the food intake is changed. There are so many factors which are changed due to, because of the lifestyle changes. How this, because of this homeostasis, that means the body, hemostasis has been changed, the body fluid development, the body control is changed. So because of these, the stones are formed. What are the reasons? Why it is forming stones? Because of these reasons. For example, a given example, if you put a glass of water, if you take a glass of water and put a salt into that, it forms a little turbidity. If you put two spoons to the same glass of water, it forms, you can see a little crystals. And again, the third spoon to the same glass of water, it forms crystals. This is how the kidney stones are formed because of the increase in the minerals. However, the body fluid remains the same. How to prevent this? How to prevent this? A thumb rule is to have 1.5 liters of fluid intake during winter and 3 liters during summer. There's a long, there's a saying that if you take two glasses of lemonade, which contains potassium, magnesium, citrate, and it will prevent the kidney stone for a long, longer period. So one needs to observe that he is adequately hydrated and also a two glasses of lemonade will prevent the kidney stone formation for a long, long period. Thank you.