 पुक मैं बुर्अहाँ � improving Thank You . ब बच्ठीग कम का और जी़ से या लीग्र्झे डी बार्या balanced तो अप्प्श्टी में भवाखते टीः प्रध्टे ल़वाव और टीः यावट, नाध्धाव बवाज्टी सी आप सकताई आप एक दोंग परद्टी खएव टीः वो प्श्टी नलेग, अपनते शागधा, तो यzystaगध या का प्रद्टी तो टीः प्च्टी ये बाटट šeब आप अप अप क्रिकुऽєल सेक्टर के गोट के बतगस्टे। तो, बिकास अप अप अप北ऱे के अप अप उत्टाख prevention of inputs is there because of interference in the output cost. यजु गोमें ने कुछ सबस़टीस दे दि �わन ता इंपोट्स गोमेंने आूपूटन के रेफ्वरंस में कुछ सबस परस नाचद नाूव्स कर दें�, तो वो सब चा खेंगे, it will results in change in the total factor productivity of the agricultural sector. factor productivity because of change in combinations. this is call as improvement because of change in factors of production because of technical change in the factors of production. now to understand this, we talked that for the measurement of total factor productivity we can employ total output index and total input index. if we divide the output index with input index then we can report the total factor productivity when we talk about agricultural output then we said that there are two outputs one crop sector output is output of livestock sector and I have this data, I am drawing these diagrams from the time of 1961 to 2020 here we have extracted this data from USDA economic research service and this data which is being reported that is with reference to October 2022 when we talk about crop index, you must have some idea of the index that index is basically a change over a period of time when you are very familiar about consumer price index on the same pattern, on the left-hand panel you are seeing a diagram that is the crop index which is being reported that is a change in crop production over a period of time and the base year that is the year of 2015 now here you can observe one thing in the reference of crop sector index from 1961 to 2020 there is increase in crop output then in this pattern if you look at the observation of livestock index then here also there is increase in livestock output over 1961 to 2020 but if I observe both the changes then in the livestock sector index there are some rapid changes or increase observed as compared to crop sector index then on the same pattern if we talk about output index or input index what is the output that is produced in the agricultural sector if we assume that output index is constructed by using the data of the crop sector and livestock sector then I have this is the output index or output index here on the right-hand side diagram I am showing you whereas input index here on the left-hand side what is the input index here basically input index is obtained by using the information about the inputs that are used to produce the agricultural output now if I divide this output index on input index then I have the information that is the index of agricultural total factory productivity and if we talk about this in the reference of Pakistan then we can observe one thing there is increase in total factory productivity in the agricultural sector over time there is increase in total factory productivity of agricultural sector and if there is increase in total factory productivity of the agricultural sector then it will contribute towards the agricultural growth and if agricultural growth will be done then it will ultimately affect your economic growth countries economic growth when you talk about total factory productivity of agricultural sector then we have shown in the last diagram that there is increase in total factory productivity there is positive growth in total factory productivity this is what we have provided that is at aggregated level when you extract this information across different regions then it might be possible to get some different results if you do provincial analysis in Pakistan then it might be possible for one province that we are observing improvement in total factory productivity or for any other province we cannot observe increase in total factory productivity then in the same pattern here we have talked about crops all the crops that are produced in Pakistan but when we do this discussion across different crops that we can do a comparison between maize and cotton then what will it report that we are analyzing the total factory productivity across different crops we can do a comparison about total factory productivity across crops and livestock sector and what will it do that it will report about total factory productivity across crops and livestock sector now when increase in total factory productivity of agricultural sector in Pakistan that is because of input intensification because of intensive input usage there is improvement in total factory productivity but when you talk about intensive input usage this is usually closely linked to the resource degradation intensive input usage results in degradation of the resources then one more thing that we can observe with reference to Pakistan that the areas where cropping intensity is high where your total factory productivity is growing at a lowest rate when you talk about agricultural growth in Pakistan then we can say that in Pakistan agricultural growth may be because of resource degradation agricultural growth in Pakistan is may be resource degrading growth with limited growth because of technical change why we give this statement that in Pakistan agricultural growth is because of intensive usage of input or intensive usage of input results in resource degradation if there is improvement in productivity of the agricultural sector that is because of intensive usage of input or when productivity improves because of intensive usage of input it results in agricultural growth but this agricultural growth is resource degrading resource degrading growth in Pakistan