 Sleep deprivation can lead to decreased colonization resistance in mice, while nicotinamide mononucleotide, NMN, supplementation can restore it. This study suggests that sleep deprivation alters the gut microbiome and metabolites, leading to decreased levels of deoxicolic acid, DCA, which is associated with increased susceptibility to infection. Additionally, DCA has been found to be effective in combating infection on its own or in combination with antibiotics.