 Ie ddweud, ac rwy'n ddweud i ni ddweud o'r ffordd a'i ddweud o'r gwaith. Rwy'n ddweud i chi'n cael ei gydag o gyllid fel philiotau yma, i'n ddweud o meddwl Lundinol sy'n gweithio a'r gwaith arweinio cymdeithasol, ond ond yn y cyffredin o'r propoes bwysig, yw'r gwaith yma yn y gweithiau yn ymddangos i gydag i'r gwaith ar gyfer cymdeithio gvelio'r gwaith. Roedd yn gwneud yn ystod o'r cymdeithas hynny, yn ddod o'r hunain oedd cyfans, ac mae'n gwneud i'r cyfansol i'r 3.5 o'r cyfansol arweinig gwahanol. Ac yn ystod, y propozytsiwn, y ffisio ar y Llynddau, y Ddefynifedd Llywodraeth Llywodraeth i'r cyfeisio yn ddod i'r cyfansol, ac yr Llywodraeth i'r cyfansol i'r cyfansol yn ei ddifyniad i'r cyfansol i'r ddifyniad i'r adeiladau'r amgylcheddau ar y cynllun o'r cyntaf yma yn ystod y ffordd o ddatallion ar gyfer eu hunain mewn gweld i'r sefydliadau o'r cael ei cyffredinol, sy'n meddwl i ddwi'r cyfrifol ac i ni ddech i ysgol yn ei ddweud â'r egologus iawn a syniadol ar teimlo yn cramol. Mae'n edrych i ddweud ar yr ysgolion ar y Llywodraeth a'r llwygon drafod oed fel y gallwch chi'r anodd. Gallwch chi'n ei gefnodd fel y Llywodraeth Cymru. Rydych chi'n ei fod yn chi'n ganddo i ganddofyn ffrindio, i dduoddo unig ar gynnigio ar ganddofyn i Llywodraeth Cymru, ar lyfan 80% a rhai 2050. Mae'n dweud iulaenau cyngoron gyda Llywodraeth Cymru yn ei archifigodd, ond mae'r oedd yn ganddofyn eu gweld yn unig yr Unade. a gennych ddweud o'r ddweud o'r cyfnodd hwnnw o'r ddweud deunydd yn flynyddu gondol. Mae'n ddweud gondol yng Nghymru ddod o'r cyfnodd mawr fel gynllun ar y cyfnodd ei wneud o'r mawr. Rydyn ni'n gofio ar y bwrdd mawr sgwpall hwnnw, yw ddweud o'r 7.6 miliwn. Rwy'n cael ei gynnig yr anhygoel o'r cyfrannwy ffordd, wedi golygu ar y Cymru i ddigwyddog wedi gwnaeth y gwerthyn o'n yr ystodol. Fy fidelity pointed out that this exclude aviationism. If we included aviation there it would be the single biggest component but putting that to one side actually energy use by London next in the homes is the biggest contributor in London 38% of emissions 33 percent from the conversion into public sector for the smaller proportion provinces 22% o'r cyd-wch erbyn ystod o bach honi yna, sy'n gwneud y cydwch gyda'ch bod hen oedd i amser a 22% o hyd o gweithio cyd-wch gyrsbeth oherwydd o'r cyd-wch cyd-wch cyd-wch cyd-wch, ac mi-i ei adrwyddo i'r cyd-wch cyd-wch cyd-wch cyd-wch cyd-wch cyd-wch cyd-wch cyd-wch yn y sector cyfnod, ychydig ar y ffordd ar y rai cyddwch. I chyd-wch chi'n gan ymddarrwch i allan, o ran 10 o'r 11 oed yn ôl i chwarae allan i Llywodraeth, han hiddengo leolol mewn blwysig i'w cael ei canifer os o'r mwr o'r trefanaeth, ac yn yn oed yn ymwneud y gwahanol a chanwyllau o'r ymddangol yn Llywodraeth. Rwy'n gofyn o'r ysgrifion bwysig o'n mynd i'r chanwyllio cyffredig yn y prifloed yw 35% i'w amser gan unrhyw bwysig i'w chanwyll… 35% i'w mwysig i'w amser gweithloi amelach o'r plan ŷn yng Nghyrchan 13 billion pounds investment programme concentrated initially on the bus system because that's the quickest and most efficient way to increase public transport provision and where we achieved a 40% increase in bus passengers over a period of four or five years. But also with significant increased investment in the softer transport modes, particularly cycling where there's been an 80% increase in cycling in the city, albeit from a low base. And with the combination of those policies has enabled London to achieve a 5% shift away from private car transport to public transport primarily but also cycling and walking in the city, relatively unprecedented for a city of London scale. And while there were the primary motivation in the climate change action plan is obviously reducing carbon emissions, there are multiple benefits of this sort of approach, including big reductions in the number of people killed on London's roads down 35%. Major improvements in air quality and noise also. And indeed the primary motivation for the congestion charge initially was to tackle congestion which was a major electoral issue, not as an environmental measure. Moving on to the emissions in the commercial and public sector, an area where the mayor has significantly less powers than in the transport arena and where the majority of emissions come from energy use in buildings. Half of which are still going to be standing in 2050, still going to be in use in 2050, the point by which we're told we have to reduce emissions by 80%. And therefore our programme focus very much on what we could do to change the way those buildings are used and change the physical nature of those buildings with a major building retrofit programme which has only really just got underway and was derived from interaction with other cities in the C40. And this programme, we've offered up 40 major buildings in London including police and fire stations as well as large office buildings to the private sector to ask them to come forward with proposals to reduce emissions 25% over a seven or eight-year period. But with the private sector putting up the investment to make those changes, which will then be paid for out of the financial savings that the city gains through the energy savings. And I think interestingly in the current economic climate this is a policy that the new mayor of London, someone without a tremendous track record on the environment has chosen to keep because of the significant financial benefits to the city, a saving of £1 million a year estimated for those initial buildings alone as well as the environmental savings. But the whole of London's climate change approach relies ultimately on changing the way that energy is supplied and distributed in the city, an area where the mayor has no formal powers whatsoever, no control formally over the energy utilities and also where there's incredible inherent waste in the system. The national grid and power supply system in the United Kingdom wastes two-thirds of the energy that it creates in the form of lost heat. And therefore there are huge opportunities for improved deficiencies, but in London at least very limited opportunities for moving to large-scale renewable energy generation because of the density of the built infrastructure in the city. London's plans therefore focus very much on moving to a more decentralised energy supply, focusing on combined heat power and cooling systems and moving towards using energy from waste with a target of moving a quarter of all of London's energy supply to be produced within the boundaries of the city by 2025, a hugely ambitious target, but one which is thought to be possible through the use of the mayor's planning powers over new developments, but also using the Economic Development Agency, which has set up an energy services company of its own to catalyse the market for decentralised energy. But looking now as an outside observer on London government, I think actually the most interesting thing about London's climate change programme is the fact that all of its policies were underpinned by a conscious effort to seek out best practice internationally and learn from it and copy it in London. And that ultimately ended up with the establishment of a group of cities called the C40, the 40 of the largest cities in the world working together and competing to tackle climate change and really accepting that whilst we rely on national and international legislation and regulation to implement many of our policies in our cities, there's a huge amount that we can do together, but also that to some extent we can, as big cities working together, we can force the national agenda to move more quickly and there's no need to wait for international intervention. And so to conclude, thinking about where next for cities as we move into what one might term the ecological age, moving from the carbon age to the ecological age, I take a very positive view, much the same as set out by Philip of the role that cities can play and perhaps to pick up on the comment made by David Sathaway in the Urban Age newspaper produced for this conference, I don't think that to say that the battle to prevent catastrophic climate change will be won or lost in cities is to put the blame on cities. On the contrary, I think that it's to take a very positive view that identifying that urban living provides the potential for sustainable ecological age models of living, not to say that that's easy if one looks at the latest views from the Tyndall Climate Change Centre in the UK, we have to emissions, global emissions have to peak in 2015 and then reduce six to 8% year on year from 2020 through to 2050. That is an extraordinary task that has never been achieved previously in history. But, and I'll conclude with this, taking a statement often repeated by my former boss, Ken Livingston, the Mayor of London, we don't have to reduce our quality of life to tackle climate change, but we do have to change the way that we live. And there are now attractive visions, the image on the slide is that of the proposed Dong Tan Eco City, attractive visions of how we can build new cities that will fit the paradigm of the ecological age. But the real challenge is to work out how we can reprogram and retrofit the cities that we already inhabit. Thank you very much.