 Nanoparticles are increasingly being used in agricultural production due to their unique properties such as improved efficiency of agricultural chemicals and reduced environmental pollution. However, there are potential risks associated with their introduction into agricultural systems, including effects on crop growth and safety for humans and animals. Research has shown that nanoparticles can be absorbed by plants and affect their physiology, but the mechanisms of this process remain unclear. This review paper summarizes the current understanding of the absorption and transport of nanoparticles in plants, focusing particularly on the influence of particle size, surface charge and chemical composition on these processes. It also discusses how nanoparticles can affect plant physiological activity. This knowledge will help to inform the safe and effective application of nanoparticles in agricultural production. This article was authored by Shuran Wang, Hunguosia, Pei Wang and others.