 Dear students, today we will be diving into the microscopic world of blood cells to observe the effect of concentration, different concentration of solution on their structure. And this process is also called as plasmolysis and de-plasmolysis. It reveals the importance of osmotic balance in the cell or osmotic balance for the cell health. So, first of all, we will discuss what is plasmolysis and what is de-plasmolysis. So, plasmolysis is the shrinkage of protoplast of the blood cell. It caused due to loss of water from the cell, while de-plasmolysis, in de-plasmolysis, when a plasmolysis cell is placed in any hypotonic solution, it absorbs water and swells. So, this process is called as de-plasmolysis. Dear students, for this experiment, we will need microscope, three slides with cover slip, droppers, ringer solution, hypotonic solution. And for this experiment, I will use 3 percent saline solution and hypotonic solution. And for this experiment, I will use distilled water, alcohol swab and unused syringe. Let us start the procedure. First of all, I will take off my glove and clean my finger with the help of a alcohol swab with alcohol swab and prick it with the help of needle or unused syringe. Next I will add this drop of blood into 0.5 ml ringer solution. Now take three slides and mark these slides like A, B and C. In next step, take a small amount of your sample on each slide, one drop of your sample on each slide. Now, for the next step, take a small amount of 3 percent saline solution and mix it with your blood sample on slide B. Take a little amount of distilled water and add it on your sample on slide C. Now, cover your slides with cover slip, carefully cover it with cover slip to prevent any formation of air bubble and same for next two slides B and C. Now we will observe these slides under microscope. First of all, I will take slide A and observe it under microscope. Now I will observe slide B under microscope and now slide C. Dear student, in slide A, you will observe the red blood cells retain their bacon cave shape because ringer solution is isotonic solution, so there is no osmosis. While in slide B, you will observe the cells shrink in their structure and size due to plasma lysis and in slide C, you will observe the cells increase in their size and swelling due to de-plasmal lysis. Dear student, this experiment helps us to understand the fundamental process of how cells interact with their environment and how they can respond to any change in their osmotic conditions. Today, we will do the blood smear preparation. My young scientist, the material required for the blood smear preparation consist of any type of dropper for the correct measurement, we will use the micro pipette, dips for taking the blood, there is an instrument and the pins, alcohol swab, slides and the cover slips, methanol, gymsa stain, water, we will visualize our slide under the microscope. So first we will record our experiment in our log book which is an important bioethical measurement for the lab. So first we will write the date, the time interval and the other main important details we will want to record it and obviously we may have also it is important that we should have the data book or the practical copy. Now I will start the procedure, first I have to disinfect totally and clear my finger. I will take a clear slide which is also cleared by the ethanol and we will put a drop of blood, clear the finger, then I will take another clear slide and at the angle of 45 I will make a comet like shape, first I have to fix, then I have to drag it, you can see here a clear comet like structure has been formed, let I have to drag it, so before going on further steps on the procedure I will wear the gloves. The first washing will be with the methanol, so that we have to fix our slide, in methanol we have to fix our slide for 2-3 minutes, we will give the washing of the gemstones, we will wait for about 5 minutes and transfer it to another clear petri dish, after 5 minutes I will wash it with the water, so I will put this dry slide under the microscope, first I will adjust it at the lowest magnification power, it is the 4x and one important measurement which I have to do here, I will see the slide in a zigzag manner and we want to see each and everything then we have to go just like this, so we have to cover each and every cell, as the blood cell is consist of different type of not only the red blood cells but also the white blood cells, in the slide we can see the biconcave shape of the blood cells and various types of the white blood cells consist of macrophages and the neutrophils, eosinophils, mesophils, depending upon their shape we can see here and classify these cells, along with these we can also see here the platelets, on 4x I can see their various small spots of the red blood cells, so with the more magnifying power I can fix it, I am using 10x magnification power and these cells are more beautifully visualized to me, then I am changing the 40x and at the 40x I can see by moving the slide various blood cells and more perfect view I will change the lens, the objective, the 100x and power visualization, better visualization I will use, oil immersion, one drop of oil immersion is enough, so my young scientist the blood-sneer preparation experiment is very important not only for the medical point of view but also in the biology lab we can see and compare different types of the slides which are of the different species which may be of different abnormalities so it is very important experiment thank you