 So, today we are going to see four topics. So, one is excise C-vigil, microsat R and chiasnur forest disease in main's prillium's perspective and insect alleys in main's perspective. Now, let us move on to our first prillium's topic excise C-vigil, ok. So, why it is in India has conducted a two-day coastal exercise along the Indian coast. So, that is the operations code named as operate excise C-vigil, ok. So, why it is important, ok. This is the two-day coastal defence exercise conducted in all over the Indian coast covering total 7,516.6 kilometers, the entire coastal areas, ok. So, the excise is conducted all over the place in eastern side it is West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, also in Kerala, Goa and Lakshadeep, it has conducted various exercise. So, why they have conducted this exercise? So, it is they have to review the maritime preparedness of the country because we have to stop another 2611 style event which is which was held in Mumbai where the terrorist has intruded into Mumbai by acting as an Indian fisherman or Indian community people. So, there was a loophole in the Indian coastal guard system. To plug that loophole, we have conducted this exercise C-vigil. So, we are expanding to know the preparedness of our Indian maritime, ok. Now, they have also created audit on the vulnerable locations like the port locations where the fisherman community are living all the local areas are taken into consideration even the lighthouses are taken as a vulnerable locations and they have audited and checked the vulnerability of those places. So, here even the local committee like fisherman are also included in this exercise C-vigil, ok. Now, let us see what are the functions? This was conducted by both marine polis of the states as well as the Indian coast guards like marine polis have intruded from 5 kilometers from the coast. So, they have conducted exercise within 5 kilometers from the coast and the sea and Indian coast guard and navy had conducted this in high seas. It is in exclusive economic zones, they have conducted the exercise, ok. So, they have seen wide range of contingencies means difficult conditions like they have conducted simulated attacks which means the checking of infiltration from the enemies. There were so many exercises of contingencies that based on simulated attacks, ok. And they have followed the code of audit of internal ships and port facility security for mostly for this coastal locations. So, they have created a simulated infiltration that is the enemy intruding into India which is called as the red force and how this Indian force are going to thwart this red forces. So, that is the exercise. It is both based on shoreward exercise as well as seaward exercise, ok. Now, it is actually a build up of tropics, ok. Tropics is nothing but a tri-service exercise which is held every 2 years. It is held every 2 years. This is actually a step ahead of this tropics exercise. So, this was different ministries facilitated program. It was done by defence ministry, home affairs ministry, shipping, petroleum as well as natural gas customs everything. So, here all the communities as well as different state agencies and ministries are involved in this exercise sea visual. So, particularly to stop or thwart the 26 11 style of attacks which is held in Mumbai in, ok. So, this is important about this exercise sea visual. Though we have conducted so many coast guard exercise every year, but still this is actually a largest defence exercise of this type, ok. So, this is very important for presence topic. Now, let us move on to our next topic micro-sat-r. So, why it is important? So, ISRO's 2019 first launch is going to be this micro-sat-r along with another satellite called Kalam-sat. So, that is it. So, it is called as pride of place. What I have mentioned is a pride of place because it is a first of a military type satellite, ok. It is actually a military grade satellite, ok. Along with Kalam-sat and nano-satellite they are going to launch, ok. They actually launched and it is successful, ok. Now, what they had said is it is launched by PSLV C44, ok. It is called as PSLV DL, ok. It is called as PSLV DL. It is a 46th launch of this PSLV, ok. It is a 46th launch and what all the other things in it, ok. This micro-sat-r is a military imaging satellite, ok. It is actually launched from Satish Dhawan Space Center, Sriharikota. This is going to be the 46th flight we have already seen, ok. Then along with this micro-sat-r another satellite is also going to be launched which is known as Kalam-sat. It is prepared by students, ok. It weighs just 1.2 kilograms and it is a short-lived satellite, ok. It is a short-lived satellite. It is going to stay for two months, ok. It is going to launch and see the experiments in the space, ok. Now, what they have said is this will be launched within 15 minutes. It will go and launch and place in the polar orbit within the 15 minutes of takeoff. So, it is a different one and there are two aspects in this experiment. One is the reuse of waste stage which means ISRO is going to use the spent fourth stage which is called as PS4 of the rocket which is always of waste use. But now this Kalam-sat is going to use this PS4 and conduct experiment, ok. This is the first important aspect of this experiment and the next one is it is going to have another one called the lower than any of its civil earth observation spacecraft. It is going to have a launch space of just 277 kilometer away from the earth. Even it is lesser than ISS which is the lowest earth observatory or spacecraft. But this is a military observatory spacecraft, ok. This is going to have experiment on the military imaging. So, this is just based on military. We do not have much information about this functions and personalities but this is a one of a kind of ISRO, ok. Now, let us move on to our next topic, Kiasnu forest disease. So, why it is in use? There was an outbreak of Kiasnu forest disease in Karnataka, Shimoga district and the nearby states like Maharashtra and Goa have started preparing for the Kiasnu forest disease to avoid this, ok. This is news, ok. So, why this is so much important? This Kiasnu forest disease is also known as monkey fever, ok. It is also known as monkey fever. It is caused by a flaviviridae virus, ok. Flaviviridae virus family. This is also known as encephalitis virus or Lyme borealysis disease or skin monkey fever infectious dermicocenter ticharactin insect, ok. This are so many names for this insect. It is actually a tick-borne infection, ok. It is also known as arbo infection which means it was caused by an arthopore or that is known as arbo infection, ok. This is mostly confined to states called Karnataka, Maharashtra and Goa, ok. Initially, it was discovered in Shimoga district of Karnataka in the Kiasnu village. Hence, it is known as Kiasnu forest disease. But due to disruptions of forest and deforestation, it has even spread to Maharashtra, Goa and even recent reports from 2013, Kerala and Tamil Nadu are also infected of this Kiasnu forest disease, ok. So, it was first discovered in 957 but this records annually as an endemic to this area, ok. This is an endemic disease to Karnataka, Maharashtra and Goa. Now, what are things? The transmission. This disease is transmitted from monkey to human or cattle to human. But there is no case of human to human transition, ok. There is no case of human to human transmissions. Mostly, this disease takes at least 3 to 8 days for incubation, ok. It develops from 3 to 8 days, ok. During that time, we have a symptoms of being chill, frontal headache. So, headache in the front part of the head and muscle pain, vomiting and mental disturbances. We feel giddy or nauseating. So, these are some of the symptoms. Another symptoms are like abnormal low blood pressure, ok. Abnormal low blood pressure, low platelet, blood, red blood cells and white blood cells counts. So, these are the common symptoms of this diseases. But this complication can be rectified within one or two weeks, ok. The patients can recover within one or two weeks. But the after effect of this disease will be prolonged, ok. This actually takes a long period to fully recover from this disease. So, the fatality rate is actually 2 to 10 percent for this disease. But due to the negligence of the villagers and other people, the disease is becoming more spread to other areas also. Because people think it is just a monkey fever and they brush it off and they are not thinking it is a serious issue. Now, what are the treatment involved? Actually, there is no specific treatment for this chiasno-forus disease. But only the vaccination can help, ok. So, vaccination can help. But it is only for the endemic areas, ok. For endemic areas, this vaccination can help. But what I have said is, some early medical care and supportive therapies like giving hydration, giving proper rest and medical therapies, that will help for this treatment, ok. Then, what are the prevention measures? So, one thing is, we have to spray the insecticides to the caters regularly in order it is just a tick. The tick can travel longer distance and catch the cattle, ok. This disease actually caused by the death of the monkey, where the tick is present in monkey. Once the monkey is dead, the tick will come out of this monkey's body and it will travel to longer distance and it can catch other caters. So, though catless is more susceptible for this disease, we have to spray insecticides regularly and Ivermectin injection to the caters to vaccinate them, ok. It is vaccination. For human, it is malithion spray. It is actually as a insect repellent, ok. Then, we have to destroy the carcass of dead monkey properly. So, that is also a preventive measure and we have to have a good sense of this monkey's death properly to know where are the monkey populations are dying. So, that we the preventive measures will be easy, ok. Then, other thing is there must need to be a two dosage of vaccinations, which is taking place with the interval of one month. But the problem here is the people will have vaccination for one time and they will not turn back for the second time. So, that is a most important problem here. Another one is dimethyl phthalate, which is the anti-tick, ok. It is a tick repellent. So, this is again recommended for preventing the diseases and wearing protective clothing, avoiding contact with dead monkeys and also collecting woods from forest also help from preventing this disease. Hence, this disease can't be cured. Only prevention is the way to avoid this disease, ok. This is the basic information. But the problem here is the disease which was started in 957, it is recurring annually. Though it is endemic, we couldn't control because it is actually spreading to other areas due to negligence of humans, as well as deforestation. So, now this disease is spread all over the western guard states, ok. So, this is about this Kiasnur forest diseases. Now, let's move on to our main topic, insect alleys by DARPA. So, what is this in news, ok. So, DARPA is nothing but Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency of US. So, this agency is particularly dedicated for developing military technologies for the Pentagon, ok. That is the basic news. So, why this is different in news? Because DARPA though it is a military technology developing agency that now has started to develop an insects evolving genetically modified viruses into crops. So, insects will have viruses into them that will affect the crop, so that the crop will develop genetically modified gene into it. So, that is the insect alleys scheme. So, insect is used as a vector to carry this virus to the crops, so that the crop will become resistant pest resistance or drug resistance. So, that is the experiment of this insect alleys. This DARPA project is actually going on, it is in pipeline, ok. But this has seen some notorious criticisms, ok. So, what is this? This actually seems to be an agricultural revolution or it is started as a rapid revolution in agriculture. But DARPA is known for its nefarious character, ok, because it is a military technology development agency. So, critics say that it is nothing but an ingenious explanation for lethal weapon system because they can use it as a biological weapon to curb agriculture productivity in other countries. But what DARPA has said is we are not going to use this technology in any military techniques, but it is for peaceful purposes. And even if you want to use in military techniques, there are some multiple safety layers which prevents us from using military product. But the dual use is definitely going to come, so this is the problem here, ok. Now, what all they have said? So, here the program is using the pestifier insects like aphids, leafhopers and white flies. This actually affects the crops. When this virus is introduced by these insects, the plant will develop resistance, ok. With the recent introduction of CRISPR, the gene editing technology has also become more cheap and highly potential and improved technology. Hence, this insect alleys technology will become a boon. So, that is what they had said, ok, that what they had advocated is this insect alleys are not going to target the germ lines, ok. Germ lines means the reproductive cells of the plants. Hence, it is not a heritable trice. Hence, it is going to stay with that plant alone. So, instead of going to high value seeds, we are targeting on the plants of wild varieties or hybrid varieties. Now, so what they are going to do is, we are not going to have a permanent trait mechanism, but it is a temporary mechanism which is only based on single growing season, ok, which is going to target only single growing season. So, this is the criticism in intonation arena, but that is a separate news. What India needs to do according to this, ok. So, India has an agricultural backbone. India is dependent on agriculture, most of the population are dependent on agriculture. What if this insect alleys turns to be an agricultural warfare? Are we really ready to face this, ok, because every technology will have a lure to enhance its power. All the countries around the world are enhancing their military power, but our India is still targeting towards soft power, but not to hard power. So, for example, China has moved from an era of reverse engineering to create adaptation and now it is going for disruptive innovations. So, this is the evolution of the Chinese. So, example of this is J-20 stealth fighter, ok. So, when China decides to target any part of the world, it can target and destroys the area within an hour of this decision. So, China has become militarily so much powerful even that has made USA to think about this biological warfare, ok. Now, what about India? So, we still have this mundane issues of Raphael issues, Tejas issues which are still on third and fourth generation fighter programs and even we have signed this Wuhan summit and we have waiver guard from this Khatsa which also shows that we are still following the soft power mechanism, ok. So, in order to go towards hard power which means they develop a military technology, we need some adequate budget, ok, adequate budget for the difference as well as we need some intellectual properties development in military. But worryingly what is there is according to World Bank India spends this total investment of R&D only 0.63 percentage for the last 20 years it has not developed much even this 3 fourth of this sector is not going for the difference, ok. Definitely the most chunk the larger chunk of R&D is going to other sector than difference, ok. But when we compare China the R&D has improved for difference from 0.56 percent to 2.07 percentage of its GDP. So, we have started in the same place, but China has overtook us, ok. Then what are the other things? So, what the things which is curbling India which is we have a false starts in arms acquisition wherever we go we have some issue in the arms acquisition during this auctioning process or the signing process everywhere we have some problems, ok. So, we have this defence manufacturing sectors fatigue that means known as India's fatigue, ok, to buy any arms, ok. Then it is evident from the poor participation of topless defence actors in our Arrow India and Defence Expo Exhibitions we have seen a poor participation of global investors in defence sector, ok. Now let us see our stories of Germany and Japan's military commitment. So, Germany in 1940s and Japan in early 1920s they focused on the military technologies that took a decade long commitment for them to develop this military technology. So, when we compare that to India we need at least not one election at least three or more regime changes, but with a sustainable defence policy to develop a defence committed military technologies, ok. Then what they have said is this not one election cycle we have to have a military power builder for a decade long one, ok. Then what are all the other things to say here? This military technology and defence does not come with buying a sniper or fighter jets, but it must need an adequate investment into it. So, what we need is a sustainable and indigenous, ok, sustainable and indigenous intellectual property in defence, ok. Hence the political parties and other members of India must have a bipartisan introspection into this decision and they have to act accordingly based on a bipartisan way, ok. So, this is about this insect alleys by DARPA. So, with this I conclude today's topic. Please like, share and subscribe to our YouTube channel. Thank you.