 Thank you. Please. Thank you. Thank you. Good morning. It's a great pleasure to be here so It sounds a bit like a cathedral here like in a church, you know, I feel like I have to preach now But maybe I'll get to that point So interesting, you know a year ago. I was joking that it's very easy to predict the future Because all you have to do is take an old business and then put smart in front of it, right? So smart communication smart cities smart farming Except for smart people that's different story And then this year I would say well all you have to do to predict the future is to put artificial intelligence Before it right so a i cities a i people a i robots a i medical All right And my prediction for five years from now is that all you have to do is to predict the future is to say You put human in front of it After we're done with all the tech things I'll talk more about that my current book just came out four weeks ago and some of you I think are lucky to actually have a coupon or something like that to to receive the book I'm happy to sign it. I mean it's already signed when you receive it But I can put your name on it later. We have a signing session. Welcome to come by Of course, you can buy as many as you want on the internet There's no shortage of them. So Basically as a futurist, I just want to say now as a futurist. I don't predict the future There's really no such thing There were great futurists like alvin toffler arthur c clark That were able to predict the future. That's kind of like being jimmy hendrix as opposed to being a guitar player My work is really about observation It's about observing the next five years and working backwards to help companies reinvent now Just to kick this off We're going to have the slides available later on my website future was gert.com Uh, you can download the whole deck in about two or three hours And we're going to have some live polls using your mobile devices. Okay So you can actually take out your mobile right now. Okay, go to this page called menti.com. Okay It works on every mobile. You don't have to download You don't have to log in. You don't have to give google your life to do this poll Just menti.com. It's a mobile site And once we do the poll you will get an access code that you type into the page Okay, and then you just pick one answer and submit. That's it So it's really it's a very straightforward thing And we're going to be able to measure people's responses and feelings About things in this room, which would be like a nice or the sentiment Analysis in a very quick way. So that's menti.com. We'll go back to that in a second So first of all, I want to say the future is better than we think You know, when you well, let's let's take trump outside of that equation We'll talk in a minute, but The future is better than we think because many of us are worried about the future and I I go to lots of places talk about the future And many people are saying they're worried about robots taking our jobs or you know, robots killing us and you know, all these things So if we leave out the hollywood Stories of world domination of robots We actually have many many good things to look forward to. Here's a list provided by my colleague Frank Diana Basically, you know, if you're looking on the left, we're going to see ubiquitous information We're going to see the solution of world's problems like diseases being solved Eliminated increased longevity the shift in energy. I mean, we're talking about a vast amount of scientific accomplishments Finally actually happening take a very trivial one like machine language understanding I mean we've been working on this for I don't know 50 years. It's finally working Machines can actually understand what we're saying in most languages And they can actually talk to us now So in the year or two, we're going to be talking to machines just like we're doing the typing now And becomes normal. So imagine that, you know, you can actually speak to a machine as some people would say like a friend Which is a strange formulation But in any case you can communicate with machines like this. So I think that's really positive But then we have a couple of things that are an issue technological unemployment of fake friendships dehumanized societies pandemics loss of free will If you believe that to be a problem So there is a few things around us that worry us about the future right now. I would say it's roughly 90% positive 10% troublesome I don't know if you agree But I think what we need to do is we need to make sure that technology remains a solid human benefit a purpose Is the benefit of people And we have to make sure that 10% of issues don't grow to be 50% That that could be a problem, especially for example unemployment and application automation censorship surveillance We need some common sense for this because as you know technology is morally neutral until we apply it William Gibson science fiction author said this is very important Everything you're doing here on the smart port the smart city and the smart whatever Needs to be weighed against that benefit And of course, you know, this is all of course the world used to be much better place before Trump came around So so I may have to adjust this to be 1090 when he comes to power. It will talk about that in January Very important to realize as a future as I talk about this all the time the future is not just an extension of the present In fact, it used to be We used to be able to say well, we did this in the past and now in the future we're going to do that And just make a little bit better Like the car companies German car companies are very well known for making things better for production But they didn't see the automated Autonomous driving they didn't see electric car coming that kind of did kind of ignored it But now they're there So the future actually is quite different than the present in many cases You could say it's quite likely most companies in 10 years either won't exist or most of their business will be in other areas I mean apple is a great example Apple makes about 60 of their revenues now from the iphone and as you know, we've bought enough iPhones So apple is going to have to reinvent in seven years is probably going to be money or medical or health Constant reinvention. It's a great book by kevin kelly One of my mentors from san francisco says that the world is all about becoming something now It's kind of a strange thing. We're constantly becoming something else And that is a real challenge. I think in technology, but many things. So we're looking at this. It's you know, we're living in an exponential world The world is changing exponentially fast Things that used to be science fiction are a science fact some of them I mean if you're a scientist, I apologize. I I think in many ways you can say that it's probably overly optimistic But some people like this company in california called human longevity ink This is not a joke actually exists, right? Their goal is to end dying And I mean they're from california, but still, you know, it's a serious goal, right To end dying to end aging they've just raised 400 million dollars so that we can all live to be 150 years old If we have the money, of course So this is that something has happened. We are at the pivot point of this exponential change where we're not in the beginning of the curve We're at the takeoff point So if you're my age You're going to see changes that are probably further out than anything that you've seen in science fiction in the last 20 years In fact, many things depicted in science fiction are already becoming true Like automatic language translation Uh telepresence holograms Are we going to be able to defeat cancer in 20 years to genetic manipulation possibly But then we can also have superhumans So who's going to decide if how that's being done and what we're going to do? I mean clearly It is very dangerous to keep on thinking linear And as humans we have no choice, you know, we are linear. We are organic We we cannot live exponentially if we if we do we we die I mean, we cannot just add information to ourselves. We're limited in that way Humans are not exponential So what we need to do is we have to be able to imagine an exponential world To imagine that if we have kids, this is the most important thing you can teach your kids Don't expect five years just to be a little bit further along It's actually going to be according to moose law It's going to be at least 16 times or 30 times as far if you go on with the exponential curve it becomes vertical 30 times is a billion times as far We're going to see computers in roughly eight years that have the capacity of the human brain In 2050 we'll have one computer have the capacity of all human brains Imagine what we could do about smart at that point We're going to have machines that have an IQ of 500 000 And they'll be as cheap as my iPhone, which is not cheap, but eventually it will be So the future really is The challenge in many ways because it's also not just exponential. It's also combinatorial Everything that we see around us is happening now at the same time So you could spend all your day like I do on looking at these things and combining them And we have things like energy Education smart cities automation connected healthcare and there's like the list goes on And if you see it like this If you put them together, they're all influence each other So if you're talking about a smart port and smart cities and smart logistics You're talking about energy and you're talking about politics You're talking about 3d printing. You're talking about automation. You're talking about AI And it's all impacting each other So that's actually quite a complicated topic. In many ways you could say it's like warp drive Hit the button and it just goes boom and you know all of a sudden all these things are changing I mean I used to be in the music business In the music business, it's it's mind-boggling to see what has happened You know mostly because of the stupidity of the executives, but Uh in general in the music business now basically you don't sell music anymore music is free Well, if you buy Spotify, it's not free, but that's 21 million songs for eight euros You know, we used to pay 25 euros for one album We're talking about warp drive and the music industry has to completely reinvent because selling music is no longer a business There you're very lucky with a port Because it'll be a long time before physical products evaporate They may eventually be reduced by 3d printing And virtual things but physical things will be there a long time So it's much much better than the music business. You actually have a real physical outlet But here's what we have to understand in in terms of society my book talks about this elaborately We used to be able to take business and culture and society and put them in separate places So if you were a company you were you were essentially an organization technology was part of it, but everybody lived in their clean bubbles And that changed about five years ago and now we have this right Now we're living in a world where everything that you do has societal consequences Changes people's behavior has impact on politics. It's completely all one thing and that's the sweet spot, right? We have to get used to a sort of holistic vision of what that future does for example when we think about smart things We have to think about energy And I'll tell you a minute what's happening with energy, but clearly, you know Which wherever we're going and then this is the question I mean I can I can guarantee you if all you're doing is technology You're becoming a commodity my look at the telephone companies the mobile operators I mean, yes, they're getting cheaper and faster all the time, but You know they're a commodity basically So How do you put the human inside? How do you make sure that there's human purpose? I think it's a big discussion that you see currently raging about How we will do this and this kind of idea of that has been around for a long time, you know people plan a profit The triple bottom line as Jeremy Rothkin likes to talk about I think you heard him before speaking is a good colleague of mine and very true He's been talking about that for 30 years, right? But finally We're here, right? We're finally going to be at the point where people plan a profit is a business model I would suggest to you that basically Sustainable is the new profitable That's only five years away Five years ago sustainable was a pain And Bertolt Brecht once said Long time ago that dinner first then morals That's changing now now digital ethics What has to do with how we use technologies becoming a centerpiece is becoming a big story So I think it's going to be very important to look at this in the future now quickly about energy We heard this earlier and I think many of you are are in that business at this point 84 of the world's energy is coal nuclear gas oil, you know fossil fuels 84 percent In some countries, of course in switzerland and germany, it's a different relationship of how that has happening But we know what the future is now research shows quite clearly I don't know if you believe that research Roughly 20 years from now we'll be able to cover the world's energy supply with solar energy 100 percent That is the estimation You can argue that in various cases and what's going to happen to all is quite clear We will still need oil, but not like we do today In the music business where where I grew up, right? We still need record labels, but we don't need them like they used to be So what's happening here is quite clearly if you believe opac you see these numbers I don't know anybody in this room would believe opac, but They're predicting that not much is going to change, right? We're going to keep on driving cars with gas engines You know, this is basically wishful thinking That is putting it mildly I mean toyota just announced they're going to stop making cars with gas engines in 15 years and they really mean five years I would advise you if you have a nice car with the gas engine sell it now I just sold mine Because in five years nobody I guarantee you nobody is going to want the car with the gas engine unless They are passionate collector like vinyl And here's the forecast on solar energy That's actually moving up a little bit roughly 20 years Until solar is at that point where we can actually use it for and it's going to be cheap enough We're going to have batteries And tesla of course a major driver behind this. So here's the question, of course We need to have a sort of a hybrid thinking This is the key to our future success Hybrid thinking means you do whatever is needed today Because you can't just leave, you know, obviously you make a money with what is happening today Whether you're a bank or insurance company or a medium If you have today Think of what you do today, but then think about what you want to do tomorrow. That's not here Some people will call that dualistic or possibly schizophrenic So gary hamill said the big the single biggest reason that companies fail is they over invest in what is And under invest in what isn't This is a very hard thing to do Especially when you're making a boatload of money The best example is the pharma business Do you really believe that we're going to sit here 10 years from now and take pills for cholesterol? You know statins or for high blood pressure Or we're going to do the treatment of diabetes as we do today in 10 years and it is over is beyond the pill Well, we're talking about 14 trillion dollars a year of revenues So how do you do that? How do you think about today and tomorrow at the same time? This is very important First of all, we have to realize science fiction is becoming science fact. Everything is getting connected The connected car was science fiction is becoming reality Robots that can actually do stuff that only humans used to do All right, this is boston robotics owned by google, of course I guess they own everything that's tested, but I think they're just getting rid of this company Uh, the possibility of every surface becoming a screen And of course folding a love with technology 40 percent of american kids if you ask them who is your best friend, you know what they say? My mobile phone Now that is truly pathetic, right? Uh, well, I don't know if it would be any different in switzerland or in holland But that's kind of a strange notion, right? So we're going into a world where we're becoming superhuman and I mean technology makes us superhuman Like god I mean, we're going to become even more like god when we can program our own body I'm not religious. I don't want to touch that subject really, but this is kind of what it feels like You know, we're taken off now to a future that is Science fiction science fact really changing and part of that is because now we're in the age of tech You know what used to matter most for politics for money for economies was oil and banking The left In 10 years, what matters most about our society is not the oil companies. In fact, of course, you know where they're going It will just take me a matter of time to follow the record labels We're going to this future Technology companies platform providers artificial intelligence companies They are leading the world the age of tech And you know, if you continue this there's one lonely oil company here Continue this the next 20 companies are chinese So this future is basically going to be about information. You could say that data is the new oil And it must be and it will be regulated like oil right now. As you know, data is completely unregulated Well, for obvious reasons it's just happened too fast and it's happening in the u.s So that will change tremendously. I think that we're going to see this. So technology is rapidly changing what we think of as normal Research shows that if we had uber cars in new york roughly 9 000 autonomous cars We could just have uber and not have any regular caps In terms of the economics and would still be cheaper Whether we would want that I doubt it Because they're also becoming a bit of a morpherly or they're definitely not good for drivers Right, but this is basically reality that we're looking at What is normal today will not be normal tomorrow And that we have to imagine Where this can go We're not we're facing the uh The sort of global game changers that all of you know about but it bears repeating Our world is changing rapidly. We should not be afraid of this Except for that being a little bit worried is probably a good thing sometimes But we should not be afraid of that future So primarily robots robots and artificial intelligence will become as normal as sms or whatsapp That is a future that is certain the internet of things the blockchain Which is a peer-to-peer encrypted protocol that is able to transmit data on high frequencies and 3d printing All these things have been mentioned years ago didn't work That doesn't mean that they won't work in the future And I keep hearing this every day, you know people are saying well, you know the industrial revolution Costs a lot of jobs made a lot of jobs. And so in the end it came out. Okay, it'll be the same now. That is a very big mistake There's no such thing. There's no such logic Just because it was in the past then what's going to happen in the same future in the same way I mean Yeah, there's some interesting conversations we can have around this But this is a change of framework as mcloon says And the blockchain is one of those driving factors So I want to share with you five new economies that are impacting ports and shipping before I move on some of the other stuff First is the maker economy Distributed manufacturing again been discussed for 10 years never really happened not in that sense, but now it will printing food printing engine parts Printing all kind including body parts earlobes already happening Not that you need a container ship to transport earlobes, but So we're going to have a lot of changes in that regard on demand the sharing economy What's called this ownership that not owning stuff but sharing stuff For example, now people are sharing offices not not renting one It's a very big trend The circular economy Recycling everything a kind of a sustainable capitalism That has also been discussed for a long time the experience economy Chinese consumers are no longer coming to switzerland to buy five Rolexes every two years They're going on trips to the amazon They're renting an airbnb in greenland or a treehouse They want to experience something that is really changing with the millennials And the gig economy The fact that we're going to work in many different places in many different ways without having a fixed job That's kind of normal in the us already In switzerland is two percent of swiss people where I live That are working in the gig economy That is going to be over 50 percent in 10 years This is a mind-boggling change That means you can make a lot of money by being the right guy or right woman at the right time But security that's In europe we we are not so happy about that development And if there aren't any rights with the gig economy any protection, I think that's probably not a good thing for us But As I was saying earlier literally everything is becoming connected and intelligent So we have the smart making machine That basically makes everything smart that we can see at work here We have robotics everywhere and we have to ask a question. Is that going to be heaven or hell? Well, if you're in the business of selling those smart making machines, of course, it will be heaven But there are some other side effects that we need to think about I call this hell then you know hell in heaven If you're on twitter, you can check out the hashtag hell then and tell us more about this like the fourth industrial evolution cyber physical systems I think to a very large degree extremely positive developments, but also many other ones like Sometimes we don't know what automation does called automation bias Sometimes we don't know if we can trust the machine or not We're going to live in the world of robotics as all these quotes are saying the future is where there are many robots as cars and phones I mean that's going to really change our society in many ways just watch black mirror if you want to imitation of this the cambion explosion robotics incredible machine diversification That's really going to impact the world how we live. So I want you guys do some voting now Okay, take out your weapons Okay And just go to menti.com and put in this code, please And I can see if I can get the live result cooking here I hope the internet is still working. That's good. It is You can prove that your future proof now By doing this So go to menti.com And put in this code 615216 Now I know there's about 200 people here or something. So if I don't see 200 votes It says up there 615216 You can only vote once, okay Only if you do the next vote you have to refresh the page and put another code in Okay, and this will give us a good overview. The question is really quite simple. How do you feel about these exponential changes? Very simple question Ah, there's one thinking that we're heading into the stopian future Let me guess who that was Well, I didn't vote but it it's good to see some dissenters here Obviously, you're wildly optimistic, which is good We'll do the vote again after I speak and then you can decide if you're going to recast your vote Okay, of course the answers I've given you are already kind of a tilted focus group But it's still interesting to see that we have a vastly positive view on the future. I like that I'd love to hear the answers from the people who think that's mostly trouble We should discuss it later when we have the forum Because we'll have some time to talk about those concerns. I keep this running. You can keep on voting Oh, but I will turn to the slides in a minute. We will publish the slides later on as well including the uh this very this very result here So in this giant brain that's being formed, you know, basically All the technology companies around us are forming giant global brains, you know putting all the information in a central place And in fact, you could say what is happening is that technology is creating a copy of us in the sky So facebook is making a copy of me My facebook has roughly 25 30 million records on each of us And so is google and so is everybody else that has a chance to do so And I call this the mega shifts, you know, there's about 10 of them They're actually laid out my book pretty well, but the mega shifts are impacting all of our future And I would say if you look at these you can have your pick and say, how is that going to impact Smart ports and shipping and logistics I clearly in many cases quite positive and in other cases quite scary For example, anything that can be automated will be automated That's the law of digital Darwinism I mean look what happened to the music business The record labels refused and they sued 285 000 people for submission to buy CDs And to keep on spending but now music is digital it's in the cloud So the future category shows what's happening here is I think the convergence of manned machine You know if you go back to those words here That all points in the same direction the convergence of manned machine machine is years away not decades So if you think that you won't be touched because you're too old you're mistaken In five years we're going to be at that point where technology can do things that we thought of as unbelievable implausible And I would still submit that's mostly positive if we find a way to navigate those waters if we actually think about this I mean through the metric Datification of shipping and ports and logistics is inevitable If you refuse that you won't be in business So what you have to figure out is what how do we create values? What is the social contract? around this process This is an important question when you talk about the future of humanity is what is the social contract and what are our ethics? Because it's quite clear technology doesn't have ethics and neither should it Do we want a robot to have ethics? Do we want a computer to understand feelings or actually feel? We don't need that A computer that can think Like a computer is plenty useful Like cognitive computing that artificial intelligence. They don't have to be like us Let them think like they think that's just fine because they're tools right technology is a tool It's not a purpose another person Is a relationship or a purpose right? It's not my wife isn't a tool like my computer is a tool That's not confused the tool We ultimately have an issue of ethics that we have to decide where it's going again the hell van scenario Thinking about things like ethics stewardship responsibility collaboration So hyper technology will drive us to the place where we have to think for example about security I mean, we're going to be so deeply connected like a thousand eggs of today security becomes a major issue Not just security in a technical sense, but also in a political sense standards rules collaboration. We're going to need non-proliferation agreements for example artificial intelligence That's a discussion that's being had right now So we need some stewardship and I think many of us will be involved in their process Because once everything is connected we have to figure out are you on team human? Or are you on team robot? And the answer is simple sometimes you're going to be on team robot because That's the nature of work, right? I mean clearly every large company in the world Wants to fire as many people as possible Because that's how you increase the margin That's what automation does. That's what makes it efficient So sometimes we are on team robot, but in general we have to think about what is the purpose of what we're doing Does it provide human happiness or flourishing you could say? And so what's happening right now? We can clearly see already We're moving into this world of where technology is merging with humanity and as the ceo of google said We're moving from mobile to artificial intelligence Google will no longer be a search company They will be a company searching inside my brain literally Well, they're already doing that That's not necessarily a bad thing, but you know, there's lots of responsibility that comes with this shift Imagine a thinking machine With an IQ of 50 000 What would that do to shipping? You could feed the entire 50 years of data into this machine like a trillion data sets And all of the predictions of currencies and and fossil fuels and consumption And it would come out and it would say if you do the following You can save 40 percent of expenses Currently you can't really do that. It's utterly complicated But the future will hold this machines that can Do this in an eerie way Then we have to decide do we believe them? Do we happily slap? The robot congratulate ourselves to the accomplishment The internet of things is a great example If we do this we're going to connect roughly a trillion sensors huge economic benefits But it's also a huge issue of surveillance And who's in charge of all that? Who's mission control of the internet of things? IBM has a an artificial intelligence that is a Pretending to be a lawyer called ross any lawyers in the room take cover A super intelligent attorney that is kind of an oxymoron I suppose but but That is their proposition right? We don't need an attorney We just go to the ai and the ai will figure out if I lose or win My colleague paul safo likes to say let's not confuse a clear view With a short distance Many of these things will happen, but they're not quite here yet And we have to observe and also be careful about this because this huge premise or promise That machines can learn I think it's extremely powerful If we don't understand how that works We may be missing the boat, but if we believe it too much And we talk about cognitive shipping as some people had in sentient sentient ports That can think Give us some sound volumes of data Whether we consider a doctor diagnosing a patient a wealth manager advising a client on their retirement portfolio Or even a chef creating a new recipe They need new approaches to put into context the volume of information They deal with on a daily basis in order to derive value from it This process serves to enhance human expertise Watson and its cognitive capabilities mirror some of the key cognitive elements of human expertise Systems that reason IBM what's on youtube you can get a lot more of this But as I said, don't mistake a clear view for a short distance I think that may be coming but when exactly that is still sort of up in the stars But what is clearly happening is technology is now creating scenarios that have a lot to do with prediction predictive analytics In these topics are vast for your industry logistics and prediction You know, there are some reports saying that we could save 40 percent of logistic costs if we were able to predict And and connect everything and that will be very hard to do with equipment. That's 50 years old obviously So a lot of those things we're going to leave this out because I want to have enough time on this But I have want to move to the final slide. So anything that can be digitized or automated will be That's good news and bad news Bookkeepers check out in the supermarket some truck drivers Probably pilots We should talk to lufthansa about this today So all these things will be clearly i'm for example call centers. There's roughly 74 million people working in call centers They will be 98% automated because call centers are not Our human emotion isn't a big qualifying factor of call centers, right? So The reverse is also true and that's good news for us and anything that cannot be automated or digitized becomes extremely valuable Now ask yourself that question what cannot be digitized or automated Well, there's a thousand things right everything that matters to us is very hard to opt to to automate Happiness cannot be automated Trust cannot be automated emotions compassion empathy Imagination intuition Yeah, you can probably mirror them or simulate them but automate them I think it's an important question and then the and then we have to ask the question Why are we doing all these things and I I keep hearing from our clients that this is the the goal of everything is to be efficient This is utterly wrong That is what the cfo likes That is not the purpose of business is to be efficient The purpose of business is customer delight Happiness customer happiness our happiness If you pursue efficiency, that's a good goal because it makes money obviously But that's not the ultimate reason why we do smart things If that was the case we become a machine because imagine this we are utterly inefficient. We lie We make mistakes. We do stupid stuff. We have to sleep. We actually have to go to the bathroom We are so inefficient as as a machine that we wouldn't exist in a world. That's about efficiency So we have to think about whether it's going and we have to also be aware of this kind of idea that everything is a machine, right There's a machine thinking It's we have to use technology to achieve this but ultimately we have to go beyond it Otherwise we end up in a place that has automation buyers and what's called judgment erosion Lots of incidents already all around us where humans think that machines can actually do this and they really can't We have to be very careful about this I think machines will be able to do a lot more things in the future. There's no doubt about that But does it take us out of the picture? I don't believe it This is a very important question of course for our own work, you know, so the question really is what should Or what should not be automated And the answer is if you don't automate what can be automated That could spell trouble Because you won't be competitive But if you automate trivial stuff like this human emotions relationships That's also a bad idea For example, self-driving cars. There's nothing wrong with automating driving. Driving a car isn't a human right It's something we did for 50 years and now it's over Okay, so bad luck. You lose your fun of driving. It's not material But partner selection or medical decisions about your kids Those are human things that we shouldn't automate We shouldn't say that we're not going to have this child Just because our dna isn't a hundred percent clean match. I mean those questions are really difficult questions We're going to have to think about this what we automate what we do not automate Because now we're heading into a world Some people of you some of you may have heard about the singularity That's the point in time when machines become as powerful as we are In mechanical terms, that's 40 quadrillion calculations per second roughly that our brain does So we're at this point now considering yourself lucky because you're at the takeoff point You don't have to wait very long for that to happen Some people say roughly 70 years seven years and then post human Society right some people say so basically I would say you know keeping humans in the loop Is essential and that may include some inefficiencies Why would we not include human inefficiencies in a business model then we can take ourselves out And so a smart port I think would also consider this sort of thinking machines or cognitive computing But in the end machines don't think like we do Because there's one tiny problem There's one tiny problem with this as daniel kahneman likes to say noble prize winning psychologist We don't think with the brain Cognition is embodied We think with everything that we have Will be too simple if we just said okay, we just have a machine doing that thinking for us Let machines do the thinking that they are best at which is a trillion facts and deciding what is likely to happen And so that is enough And and that's going to really change our business So basically in this world, you know, some people feel like we're already becoming useless humans I don't know how you feel about this I think what's really happening is we're moving up the food chain All the work that's routine we're going to give up. That's not bad news except for if your job is routine Of course, then it could be a problem But we must also cherish the human things So when you think about the smart port What are people going to do? This is what we're going to talk about in the skills section later And how we're going to actually get to this. I think it's a very important point As claus rob said Just a few months ago, we must put human beings at the center of the system Create something that values and cultural revolution as well as an industrial one So when you're talking about smart ports and smart cities, you're talking about a cultural revolution Not just a technology revolution That's very important to keep in mind. I think for us the world really looks like this in the future I call these algorithms and andro rhythms, which are human things converging I think it's very important to realize where we are going with this because once we reach peak efficiency Then it's actually Important to become human again Have human purpose So I'll summarize with a couple statements machines are for answers Humans are for questions This is a very important realization Let the machines do the answers for what they can actually answer when they can answer Which is increasingly happening We need to ask questions Because asking questions is the hard part We need to ask questions. For example, like Ikea says We are hiring wise sayers This is a fantastic ad imagine that You know most companies don't want wise sayers because they're paying the butt I think if you are a pain now, you'll be happy in the future You'll have a job in the future because you can ask questions You know in the u.s. I sometimes say if your job can be described A robot will take it. I think it's not quite as extreme I like to put things extremely in the u.s. But Just to summarize so we're looking at this tectonic shift, you know this This vukar reality of volatility uncertainty complexity and that's our future There's no way around this especially in your business changing all the time New scientific breakthroughs and so we have to respond with a new paradigm. I call this flip in the vukar Velocity unorthodoxy co-creation and abundance And just by being here at this event. I can tell that velocity velocity is something that's happening here, which is great co-creation unorthodoxy inventing new things without thinking so much about why you shouldn't That but that's becoming a very very crucial skill so Just to finish this up. I think here's sort of my view on the future first I think good technology and strong technology and you know technology that is useful for humans becomes important But also putting the human back inside And defining what that is How will you be on team human? Why do people do business with you? People not interested doing businesses with giant algorithms Business after all it's still down between people So david bowie s and p's used to say the future belongs to those who can hear it coming And I think you can because you will hear today and I wish you a nice rest of the day and look forward to our discussion Thanks very much for listening Thank you. Thank you very much. Gerd Leonard. It was wonderful listening to you. Thank you One question. How will we be making money?