 People connecting is not just a simple one or two words. In my experience, we've managed to do it in a way that builds an honest and a sincere politics. We've managed to do it in a way that has combated hundreds of millions of dollars in negative advertising. And we've done it in a way that has, in even a small way, continued America's journey towards a more perfect union. So I take these things very seriously. By way of just a tiny bit of biography, in 1989 I interned for Senator John Kerry and actually started to work on something very basic which was casework for veterans, men and women who had served in the armed services and helping them with housing and education and getting their families through college on the GI Bill and things like that. I also worked on the 20th anniversary of Earth Day in 1990 and the casework became policy work and the work I did on Earth Day which was 250,000 people in Boston celebrating environmental protection set me on the road of events and events for me like this are congregations. One of the interesting things is that we started with very little and I'm going to give you a couple examples. There are presidential elections involving a total of 600 million people and $4 billion. Being discounted and being marginalized and being underestimated is actually something that's quite empowering. And when I googled the campaign, when I was thinking about joining and they were asking me to join, I loved the idea that the three words that came up were improbable and unlikely and long shot. And if this were a college audience I would spend a lot more time telling people that they shouldn't ever let anyone be at the chattering class or anyone really define what is probable and what is likely because clearly in this situation the consensus was 100% wrong. American presidential politics sink or swim in the two early states of Iowa and New Hampshire. They're intensely local and kind of organic exercises. The joke in both states is one person says to another who are you going to vote and they say I don't know I've only met them all three times. So there's a sense of ownership over the process and people expect to see these folks quite frequently. So if you went to Max Apples on a Tuesday at 10.30 not only could you buy your apples and pumpkins but you could spend an hour and a half with Barack Obama talking about any number of issues and your hopes and aspirations for the future of America. We would spend long days and go buy something as simple as this, something that is so organic and it's honesty that it would just give us the energy to get up the next day. One of the things that we did and I'm going to talk about our main online tool, we looked at each individual not only just a supporter but as an organizer which is a much different way of looking at people. Not just a single persuasion exercise but someone that we could actually give the tools to and let them come in and be the campaign. And the main way we did that was through My Barack Obama.com but here on the right was the first time ever where we were inviting people to come in and giving them the tools personalized the campaign the people already in their lives with the Obama campaign. And the way it worked is just like when you sign up for a free email address and you could start to organize the people that you already had in your lives. We created much more of a two-way street with our supporters. So that's one way of connecting with people. Another thing that we did is through what's called earned and free media which is putting on events that get news in the television and on newspapers that reflect what they would have cost had you done them as an ad by. So once a quarter in those early states this is New Hampshire we would do what we call television ready events. And here you can kind of just see the very embryonic first steps of the larger Obama rally brand. And we also had to connect with people outside of the early states drain the oxygen out of that narrative that we were improbable that we were unlikely and that we were long shot. So this is Florida. This is Minnesota. Three in four and five thousand people getting the free media signing people up on mybarackobama.com looking at them as potential organizers and not just supporters. Now another tool that we used is surrogates and validators people other than the candidate. Mrs. Obama was tremendously effective especially when you look at how so many of swing voters in the United States of America are women. Senator Biden was extremely helpful. One of the things I love saying when I go around the world because I'm really proud of this is that the most powerful political force in American presidential politics is a home owning mother of two. That is where everything is decided. And so when you look at reaching out to that demographic with someone that has a relationship there that is already connected with those people Oprah was a perfect way to connect with those people by way of a validator or a surrogate. It's no secret that we were weak with older white voters and so no surrogate was better than President Kennedy's younger brother Senator Kennedy from my home state of Massachusetts. So those are kind of traditional outreach techniques in a way because we started with nothing and because we started with so little we were either forced to be very creative or we were allowed to be creative. You can think about that two different ways but no one had ever done this before because we needed to connect with young people we started to buy ad space on video games. Now you can think of we did that because we were creative or you can think that we did that because we started with so little. The answer is actually somewhere in between. Hockey games. Now towards the end of the first campaign this is taking earned and free media and pushing it into light speed. This is 100,000 people in St. Louis. We're ringing that event with 7 or 8,000 volunteers getting all the contact information we can from these folks looking at building a relationship with them rather than just a single persuasion exercise. And then on the earned and free media side there was about 30 or 40 camera crews there in St. Louis so that's a couple million viewers and then the fact that we created such a compelling and sexy and energetic image this went all around the world so this in one way or another touched about a half billion people in the 48 hours after we did this event and that is back on that idea of free media and we won. The second campaign I believe that campaigns are the courtship but governing is the marriage. All of a sudden it's not just aspirations what are we going to do as a team in the future and build a house and have a family and all that other stuff. Now it's time to actually deliver. Now it's time for responsibilities. Now it's time for tangible deliverables to one another. As soon as you start governing you automatically start disappointing people. As soon as you start to focus on health care reform then the people who want you to work on global climate change are going to say I thought you were concerned about our thing and as soon as you focus on early childhood education the people that are going through the foreclosure crisis are going to say and I thought you were going to focus on the foreclosure crisis. So there's a built in disappointment factor the day you take office. Now to focus on the second campaign we back on these very core original principles of connecting with people and giving them the tools to connect with one another. We decided a year out our goal was one million conversations and that's not one million faceless volunteers calling an endless list of people that's one million conversations people truly connecting. 95,000 conversations we got done in the state of Florida one year before election day. 87,000 in Virginia. 85,000 in Nevada. Back on that idea of individual to individual self-organization. I should also say by virtue of a Supreme Court decision that we knew unregulated corporate spending in elections was rendered legal and we knew we were going to be up against at least 100 million dollars in unregulated corporate spending attacking President Obama. Separate in addition to what our opponent could legally spend. So if you want to take what 5 million dollars spent trying to tarnish your brand and multiply that by 100 and then you throw in the legal expenditures of our opponent you're talking about negative adds to the tune of almost a billion dollars and we knew that our one card to play was maintaining this foundation of people connecting, one person connecting with another. But one of the main things that changed between 2000 and 2008 and the second campaign is that the world had gone mobile. And for example we found that people under the age 30 didn't even have a landline. They weren't tethered to any one address in terms of how you could you know get mail to them or get phone calls to them. So we turned to one of the main portals through which people under the age 30 were conducting their online lives. So we created a targeted sharing app and the idea of this is that if you're an Obama supporter you would give the campaign permission to come in and run analytics on your friends and then we would say hey you have 17 friends in Ohio, 13 friends in Florida and 27 friends in Virginia. And we're going to give you some tools that we think might be effective as you reach out to them. So it was based on that one to one contact, based on that self organizing and personalization but using a tool that had really come to the fore between the first campaign and the second. The other thing back on that kind of mobile online life is we had to adapt to texting and SMS's. So we built this quick donate tool and once a supporter put in their credit card information we could you know say for example on the night of a debate or some important milestone in the campaign we could send them a text and if they just responded with five it would be a five dollar donation. Back on those early low dollar donors, ten, ten dollars that kind of thing. And this is what it would look like when you received it. We updated mybarackobama.com into what we finally called dashboard but you can see here the same thing, a strong focus on creating political activity rather than the 20th century model of just reading about it and absorbing information. This is really tools where people can go out set up these events, call tool very simple idea but instead of just having volunteers call endless lists of people we would have veterans call veterans teachers call teachers. Very simple but back on that idea of personalization and giving people the tools to really personalize their involvement. Our quick donate donors that SMS tool I just mentioned generated a hundred and fifteen million dollars and our internals analytics told us that 75 million of those dollars wouldn't have come to us if we did not have that culturally appropriate tool for the mobile online young people. Our targeted sharing app on Facebook was downloaded by 600,000 people and through that they reached out to and were able to persuade five million people and that was our margin of victory. And then this is the thing that I'm most proud of because it gets back all the way not only to the core principles of the very earliest days of the Obama effort but it gets back to why I do what I do and my belief and why all these events are like congregations which is through dashboard 358,000 offline events were organized and that is what allowed us to beat back against 500 million dollars in negative ads and that's what allowed us to win. Thank you very much.