 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education. I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education at Siskhanna Girls Degree College, University of Halahabad. And nowadays, I am discussing issues, various issues over primary education and mainly related to universalization of elementary education. In this section, I have discussed the last video on UEE, that is government effort for UEE. So in this video, I have compiled all the government efforts for achieving the task of universalization of elementary education. And the lecture will be in bilingual mode and it must be useful for you all. So do subscribe my channel. First of all, we have talked a lot about UEE. We have discussed what is UEE, universalization of elementary education, elementary education, what is called upper primary, what is called right to education, what is the role of diet, what is the role of Sarva Shikshabhiyan, what is the role of decentralization of management, what is the role of primary education, everything. But this time, in this lecture, we have discussed what is called UEE, and this is the last video of this series. So let's start with the constitutional amendment to fulfill the constitutional commitment of UEE. Various commissions and committees have been constituted by the government of India from time to time, which determine the educational priorities and accordingly formulate the policies. You must have known, you must have known that we had said in the Constitution, in Article 45, the state shall endeavor to provide free and compulsory education to all children up to the extra 14 years of age. So the state should endeavor to do so. As we have already said, this is a constitutional commitment. With this, many commissions and committees have been working on this. While some of the committees concentrated on a specific education sector or a specific focus group, a comprehensive review of education was taken by the Education Commission in 1964. We know that the first commission that was made was an investment. The second was focused on education. Education Commission, which you know as the Kothari Commission, was the first commission that reviewed the education comprehensively. This case culminated, which culminated into National Policy Education in 1958. It was more famous in 1986, but it was also a policy in 1968. In order to achieve the goal of equalization of educational opportunity and bring national consciousness for social and national integration. When we were talking about national integration and social integration, we quoted the NPE 1968 quote. NPE 1968 talked about the common school system in 1968. That would serve all sections of the society living in a common neighborhood. We are saying that all the children living in one neighborhood should be educated. This doesn't mean any caste, creed or religion six. Don't differentiate them. The CSS implies that all the children should be entitled to comparable quality of schooling irrespective of socioeconomic background. Every child in the common school system said that they should get a comparable quality of schooling. NPE 1968 reiterated that free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of 14 years. For improving the quality of education, it is recommended that school complexes need to be established. NPE 1968 said that to improve the quality of education, make school complexes. Complex means a lot of things. Each upper primary school should be integrally related to 10 primary schools that exist in each neighborhood. The upper primary school should be connected to 10 primary schools that exist in each neighborhood. You can use it in any other community. You can use it in any other community. If you make a school complex, it will be better. We are talking about the Education Commission in 1964. But first the Constitution, then Education Commission in 1964, then NPE 1968. What else does NPE 1968 say? The NPE 1968 observes that strenuous efforts should be made for the fulfillment of the Directive Principle under Article 45 of the Constitution speaking to free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of 14. Because it was Article 45. It was under Article 45 that we should do this. The Directive Principle should do this. NPE 1968 said that you should do this effort. Suitable programs should be developed to reduce the prevailing wastage and stagnation in schools and to ensure that every child who is enrolled in schools successfully completes the prescribed course. This commission said that you should run the program so that you can stop the wastage and stagnation. You don't need to explain the wastage and stagnation. I have already discussed it. You can listen to it. So stop the wastage and stagnation so that you can ensure that every child who is not enrolled in schools completes the course. This is what we are talking about in 1985. What else did the government do? NPE 1986 said that by mid 1980s it was realized that the desired progress had not been achieved in education sector and the need was felt to revitalize the education. Therefore, national policy and education was formulated and adopted in 1986. Followed by another document known as Program of Action POA which focused on details of the implementation of this policy. I think it must have been a mess that NPE 1986 said that the program of action is that we can see this action means work. The policy is on paper whether the work is being done or not. Whether the implementation is being done or not. The follow-up was also made by POA. So why did NPE 1986 say that the policy was made as it was discussed in 1986 and it has become 80 years old and nothing is being improved. So it was made to revitalize the education sector. Then NPE and its program of action emphasized on decentralization of education by restructuring the planning and management of education. You must have understood why decentralization is so important in primary education. So that until you involve the local body and community in the areas around you you can never achieve primary education. That is why every policy says decentralization of education. Trust on elementary education emphasizing on two aspects. First is universal enrollment and retention of children up to 14 years and second is substantial improvement in the quality of education. He gave the most power to the two things. He said that first don't ask for everyone and retain the child for 14 years and then increase the quality of education. Or you can say both things are connected or the quality will be good then the child will retain himself and will not be a drop out. The policy of NPE emphasizes on universal enrollment and universal retention substantial improvement and systematic efforts to provide NFE. NFE was not before this. To educate school dropouts children from areas without school working children who are unable to attend the school during daytime. You can understand that right now there is no law so you can't bring every child you can be aware that you should go to school or you can ask your parents to send you to school. So what did he say? Make a non-formal education sector because you can't educate every child in a formal way. The dropouts are in places where there are no schools where there are children who are unable to attend the school during daytime for that NPE should be NFE. Non-formal education is not the case. The question is which commission and the recommendation of the operation blackboard was implemented by the recommendation of NPE which was in 1986 which seemed to provide essential facilities in the school. Meaning minimum what should be done in primary school since the operation blackboard should have a female teacher It was a minimum essential facility so that it would be available to students. Then DPEP is coming. DPEP you are not discussing with you. You also knew about the Kothari Commission, you also knew about the UNICEF policy, UNICEF, PEOA, everything. But DPEP has been discussed like this. Let's move on. So what is this? District program for education. District primary education program. District primary education program. So the program of action has launched DPEP. The program of action. In 1992, stress, need of development of education in backward district. PEOA saw that in the back of the area, there is a lack of education. So the government of India made DPEP. When was it made? In 1993. It is easy to remember that the program of action came in the 19th century and it is being made in the 19th century. So this would be the recommendation. Or it is the recommendation of the program of action. So it cannot be before the 19th century. So the program was initiated in 42 districts in 7 cities. When it started, it was started in the Bayalis district of 7 states. If you can remember which 7 states, you can remember. Otherwise, you will remember. Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Udisha, Udisa and Tamil Nadu. And the target for 1993 to 1998 was to extend the DPEP program to 110 districts and thereafter to almost the whole country. It was made in Tirana. It started from the 7th district. Then it was thought that in the next 5 years, we will take it to 110 districts. Which started from the Bayalis district. Almost the whole country will cover it. It is an effort to decentralize educational planning at the district level. Okay? It is planned in such a way that it ensures the educational needs and demands of the district concern. The district primary education program is the district. It will decide how the primary education program is, what are the weaknesses, how can we improve, what are the problems, everything. The DPEP draws from the experience of other education intensive projects to promote local area intensive planning, people participation in education and greater focus on educationally backward disciplines. Particularly those where the level of female literacy is lower than the national average. Look, we have combined everybody's average and given away as much information as possible. But somewhere it will be more and somewhere it will be less. This is normal math. So they are saying that in those states, in those districts where the percentage of female literacy is less than the national average, they have said that they have run all special extensive intensive programs so that we can increase the rate of female literacy. So you know that it is written in this shuwaat that the need of development of education in backward districts is launched by DPEP. Then DPEP said that the objective was basically to provide access to all children of primary education to every child's primary education to reduce drop out rates to less than 10% to 10% drop out rate. Then it was said that the drop out rate has to be reduced to less than 10%. They are saying to increase learning achievement at primary level by 25%, we will increase the rate of child's primary education and to reduce gender gaps and differences in social group to less than 5%. 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 30% are coming in gender gap. There is no parity in the difference in social group. So they said that they will reduce the rate of 5%. If you are at least 15%, at least 10%, then DPEP launched from this objective. I will not tell you about the SSA and diet separately. The government is discussing it separately. Then NPEGEL, otherwise SSA will come in the government department. What is the full form of NPEGEL? National Program for Education of Girls at Elementary. Why is this launched? It is being implemented in educationally backward blocks. Some districts are performing well and some states are performing well. But there are some places which are less than national level, there are some areas where there are more socially backward people. So they have made a special program for those places. It is being implemented in educationally backward blocks where the percentage of enrollment is less than national level. So about 3,286 educationally backward blocks are covered under the scheme in 25 states. Obviously, it is old data. It must have increased from the initial group. You can update this data. So they are saying that there are some places where there is less national level, where there are less girls. So they said that they will use the gender gap more than national level and social gap is more. So they are making this program to recover. MDM was not mentioned yet. The National Program of Midday Meals in Schools. The program provides a midday meal of 44,50 calories and 12 grams of protein to children with primary stress. Later it is extended to the elementary level. During 2009-10 you can understand this scheme. You must know that this is the world's biggest scheme. So when it started, it was said that we will give 450 calories and 12 grams of protein to the children with primary stress. Later it is extended to the elementary level. There are a lot of problems in this. There are a lot of problems in this. But it is a very good and humanitarian approach to bring children to the school. They are so poor that they don't have food. How will they go to school? After that, NFE. NFE, the revised POA, the introduction of a wide-reaching systematic non-formal education program is an integral component of the U.E. It is certain that you cannot teach everyone as a student. We will have to see that because we did not have the right to teach everyone. We have to send the law and the law. We have to convince the state that we have to bring the students to the school. At that time, NFE was more relevant. It said that we should make an integral component of the U.E. We will teach the students who cannot come to the school because of any reason. The target group for NFE was working children who cannot come. We will teach you some work. Some volunteers, some engineers and so on. Learners are organized into small groups and they are learning condensed to a two-year period. In two years, we will teach you that you should become a teacher. Okay, I think, completed. Yes. So, Constitution, 1907 policy, 1908 policy, program of action, 1909-1913, DTP, then your NPEGEL, Kasturba Gandhi Bali, but it was discussed in SSS, so I have not covered it here. SSS, Kasturba Gandhi Bali, Diets and your NFE. So many governments have achieved the U.E. Now, RTE is here. If you want, then write it more. RTE, then amendment of SSS, in light of RTE. There is a lot. But still, I have tried to cover the things that were wrong. I have learned that we can say that we know something about U.E. Okay. So, thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel, Explore Education. I have done from my side.