 O alcalde de Medellín, o alcalde de Quito, pocas presentaciones necesitan. Esta é unha conversación de 25-30 minutos, na medida en que eu não tenho que intervenir mucho, mejor. Esta é su conversación, o tema que temos sobre a mesa AVIDA3. AVIDA3, Conferencia de Naciones Unidas sobre Vivienda e Desarrollo Urbano Sostenible. Un reto para as cidades, se va a celebrar en Quito o próximo mes de octubre, ou seja, o alcalde teme que conocer bem o que se trata, porque se não... Puede que no octubre as coisas não vayan demasiado bien. Em esa reunión se va a hablar de uma nova agenda para os próximos 20 anos. A conferencia de la qual estamos hablando teme su origen nos anos 70. Vamos a ir directo ao tema. Ustedes como alcaldes, con esos retos de sostenibilidade, hay que recordar, América Latina es una de las zonas máis urbanizadas del planeta. Hay tres de las megaurbes máis importantes del mundo. Buenos Aires, Sao Paulo e México, Bogotá, muitos dos presentes la conocen porque está aquí, en es la capital de Colombia, non está muy lejos, Río de Janeiro también. Con que retos se enfrentan en este reto de sostenibilidade para acercarse a esos objetivos de AVIDA3? Bono primeiro, moi bonas tardes. Quiero empezar agradeciendo. La invitación es un honor estar nuevamente visitando esta hermosa Ciudad de Medellín, que es un bradero ejemplo de innovación para toda América Latina e que gusto, además, poder compartir este panel con su alcalde. Federico, muchas gracias por as specialidades. Bueno, nosotros primeiro que nada estamos realmente honrados en Quito de ser la sede de la Conferencia Mundial de Naciones Unidas sobre desarrollo urbano sostenible AVIDA3, misma que va a marcar el rumbo de los procesos de urbanismo a nivel mundial para los próximos 20 años. Es importante entender que esta es una conferencia que se realiza cada 20 años e por eso es de enorme importancia. O objetivo de la conferencia es consensuar la nueva agenda urbana poniendo como centro del debate el derecho a la ciudad, el derecho de las personas a disfrutar del ambiente urbano. El año pasado se definieron 17 the urban environment. Now, two of those goals that have been set number 11 and number 13 have a direct relationship with the cities. 11 talks about building cities and communities that are sustainable. That means that we have the challenge of making our cities safe, equitable, inclusive, resilient and sustainable while objective for goal 13 talks about climate change at the urban level. I think that Habitat 3 will be a unique opportunity for cities to strengthen their role in the construction of the new urban agenda. Let us remember that these types of conferences in the past were reserved for the exclusive participation of the states but cities now have a voice and that is something very positive and we believe that Habitat 3 will represent an ideal juncture to reflect the vision of Latin America in the construction of this new urban agenda so that we can execute it and implement it ideally. When we talk about sustainable development, the debate is deep to meet the needs of today without sacrificing those of the future generations. What is Medellín doing to ensure the right of future generations? If we look in terms of urban growth, which is inevitable, something that is happening in Latin America, we are saying that 80% of the population live today in urban cores of the city. If we talk about 2030, we say that 85% of the population will be in urban areas. Today we have issues that we still have not solved. So the question is how do we anticipate to it, so how can we anticipate those events so that we can prevent these problems in the future. When we talk about sustainability and the care for the environment, there are things that are absolutely necessary. We talk about transportation, sustainable mobility, impacts on the quality of life of persons but also of the environment, issues that have to do with housing, but housing around the equipment and no more creation of suburbia or ghettos where people don't have the culture of public utilities. I would concentrate on the first one, which is one of the big debts that we have in Latin America and which has come into all our cities. If there is something that generates social gaps and which should generate sustainability, it is the way that we move. Those who spend more, those who have to invest more to move around in Latin American cities are the poorest. Those who spend the most time is those who least have. So if we talk about sustainable cities, the integrated mass transit systems play a very important role, the restructuring of the collective transportation systems are very important. We've been working very hard at the city, but we still need more when we make those decisions, but we do so with clean fuels with systems like the metro, the metro cables, all those mass transit systems are definitely the way to improve the health of people even. And I close with this piece of data many times you talk about pollution and the quality of air, and you think, when will it be that our city is going to collapse because of the lack of clean air? Now in March, for example, we had an environmental emergency and we have to reformulate the way that we move the kind of fuels that we use. I think that there are issues that are absolutely necessary in the agenda of Latin American cities like mobile cities. For example, we have to create a debate about urban security. Security is nothing that belongs to the right or to the left. It's not a question of ideology, crime is crime. And we have to do a lot of social investment. You have two cities that are very close in number, population Medellín 3.8 million in the metropolitan area and Ecuador 2.0 in Quito 2.6. Is it easier to integrate mass transit systems in medium-sized cities like yours? And is it harder in large cities? What is your experience? Well, we are convinced just like Federico of the importance of heading toward a sustainable mobility axis. But the execution of a sustainable development agenda should not be applied only adequately, but it should be measured adequately. In that sense in Quito we have established systems to measure the carbon footprint, which allows us to prepare a baseline to measure a baseline. And we have established an agenda of actions to reduce that footprint. What are these actions? Well, in the first place we just mentioned a sustainable mobility in Quito we have begun the construction of the first metro line which no doubt will become the central axis of an integrated mass transit system which will be supplemented with a system of cable cars like the one that Medellín has. And in Quito we will begin the first line and then the second line. And that is supplemented by DRT systems, a public transportation system through an exclusive lane. And we have decided that everything, that this is all an operation that is going to allow us to reduce by approximately 150,000 tons of carbon, the existing footprint because by a 56% the footprint in Quito corresponds to mobility. Until that is where we must focus our greatest efforts. This action is supplemented with a scheme of integral handling of waste, of decontamination of rivers, of preservation of natural areas. Today we have approximately 150,000 hectares in the Metropolitan District of Quito declared as natural protected areas. We hope to get to 300,000 hectares and with that we will be capturing 10 billion tons of carbon. I would like the Mayor of Medellín to answer this question also so that we know what he's planning. What was it that curbed in Medellín the fact that the transportation model, the cable cars and everything that has become benchmarks for other cities in Colombia and other cities in Latin America? What curbed its development? What made it be not that fast? Well, I think that restructuring the transportation system, the public transportation system is a question of political will. Now those who finance the politicians are the operators of urban transportation. It was clear to us that we wanted the transportation in the cities and we did not receive one peso from those who are interested in the collective public transportation system. The city has made wonderful progress in everything that has to do with the lines that are supplementary to the metro. Each mayor must find the best system when we talk about the expansion of the metro. We're not only just talking about the metro, but about different transportation systems according to the topography to the terrain. Now you've seen our city, it's a valley surrounded by mountains and that in 1970, from 1970 on that made us grow towards the ages in high risk areas where it's not a sustainable model. And so the first cable car system was done in the northeast but the idea is not to do these projects as such and independently but to make them be consolidated. They have the social investment must be done in education in public utilities but we must know how to grow the city. Should we continue growing and expanding or should we grow toward the inside of the city where there's transportation and infrastructure? What is your bet, the expansive one or no cities cannot continue to grow toward the outside? We have to use the transportation lines that we have. Yeah, but accompanied by reduction in the quality of life, not necessarily. As long as you have transportation systems and the necessary equipment in public space that is where definitely a strategy works and where housing is key. My mother used to tell me not having a house does not make you rich but not having makes you very poor but this is not just giving a house to somebody who lives in a public space. In Latin America for example we have made mistakes thinking that with expansion areas and we are going to solve the problems because we are creating entire cities with no good utilities, with no good equipment and what we're doing is expanding the issues. The problem so that is why having those plans is key but those execution projects and most surely the one that Mauricio has been executing and Quito is going to give them great benefits, social benefits. Now we're seeing another metrocable that is on its way. We are going to do the Picacho Avenue so these are projects that are going to impact very much. Your mother was very wise and now we're talking about security. If you allow me I would like to talk about urban planning which I think is a fundamental tool for sustainable development. We have a unique juncture in Quito and it's this transformation that we are creating in the mass transit system which allows us a new vision of urban planning based on the diversification that Federico was mentioning which is the new trend instead of having cities that are expanding we should concentrate them and make them grow from bottom up. Now we are going to reward those buildings that are next to the next stations of the public transportation system so that they can grow more if they meet criteria of co-eficiency saving of energy and also that contribute landscaping to the city. In the past normally you required a minimum number of parking spaces. Now a maximum number of parking spaces so that there's not many you generate centralities around these new poles of public transportation centralities where people can live, can work, can go shopping, can go to the park, can go to the museum and go educate themselves in a relatively small amount of land so that you reduce the travel times and that is reflected in better quality of life and less pollution when you stimulate the use of public transportation that is why we are going to reward the buildings that are close to the new public transportation stations hoping that they are tall buildings and that their inhabitants do the most amount of activities close to the stations and that they use the public transportation systems. This is a planned way to reach development. Concentración can also bring many issues if it doesn't guarantee a safe or secure system if citizens don't feel secure. Obviously that does not help the quality of life of the inhabitants. How have you faced the challenge of security in the cities taking into account also that we are in Medellín a city whose past is still marks it in the collective imaginarium and so the challenge of security I would like a comment from each one of you about the challenge of security. Well although security has to do with a complex network of factors of course the city governments can do a lot in the struggle and they can do so by rescuing the public space. You mean more police? Well not necessarily, maybe one of the elements but maybe more useful would be to rescue spaces which are dark and neglected where crime is committed and turn them into spaces with adequate infrastructure understanding that wherever there are citizens co-existence or civilized citizens they will attract fun and relaxation of the families and making the spaces safe. Now Medellín for example has these cable cars that we are implementing and keep going that can contribute that type of benefit because it's not only the cable car it's all the urban recompensation that the use of cable cars implies and that helps to the recovery of the public space. I got Mayor Gutiérrez well that past was very painful for us and just to give you some figures what we experienced in 1991 had 381 crimes for 100,000 inhabitants no city in the world experienced what Medellín experienced and we don't want to experience it either I think that it has touched bare bottom and it's been very difficult to get to where we are now that we have world economic form now that we have all of you visiting us from that past we put soil on top of that past but we have not forgotten it but social investment is key to continue reaching areas where the state was not present that is absolutely necessary but we have to also understand that there are structures of organized crime that we have to combat how do we combat organized crime not only having more and more and more police there's a key issue in Latin America and here it's got to be a big struggle and it's a struggle against corruption if you don't combat corruption if you don't have reliable institutions it's going to be very difficult to get out of that situation today Medellín is at a rate of 18 homicides per every 100,000 hour goal this year is to continue reducing it to 15 but some elements such as justice are key articulated efforts in the case of Colombia between the prosecutor's office the police and the army and also civilians but we cannot think that depending on that security depends on the ideology sometimes it happened to me in Mexico I would ask the mayors if it was a right wing mayor he said oh lots of police if it was a leftist mayor he said no I will only do the social part because I don't believe in the police now if there is no integral strategy you will never have a secure city that is what citizens are claiming more and more and I think that these changes are key technology is key also but there is no doubt that justice justice is one of those topics where we have to have an actual change mayor unemployment plays an important role in this problem of insecurity because it is said that if you are unemployed that you can turn rogue well yes it's very very important to generate more and better jobs it is very important for us to make progress toward a good education and that is why many years strategy is key from the standpoint of beginning well handling children between zero and five years of age teaching them the values from the beginning and relevance of the education we offer children is absolutely key being competitive is absolutely key continue to invest in activities related to innovation science and technology and there is something that for many is fundamental and I see some people here I see Manuel Santiago here among other people and what has actually made the difference here is that there is a very articulated work between the private companies and universities and the government for us that is been key so against and against and against unemployment well we have to work for competitiveness but we also have to create an environment that offers jobs that offers security and a competitive environment that really depends on clear signs of legal stability and we have to also offer concrete incentives to the private sector on a permanent basis we have to talk permanently to the private sector we must understand that the public sector must be an ally of the private sector we all together we have to look for the best solutions we also believe that there are mechanisms that can be terribly productive to improve the unemployment situation for example public private associations that is actually key that is an aspect where Latin America has been growing in some countries more than others I think that we must improve the regulatory framework for these PPAs but it's an ideal option to offer on the best hand better infrastructure better service to the citizens encourage participation of the private company and then generate more jobs and then I am going to ask you a last question and then we will open the floor up for a Q&A session about drugs criminalization not criminalization or neither well it's a complex debate at least talk about my city I think we're still not prepared to decriminalize the drugs I think that we have to make a very deep and well thought analysis and once there is a better consensus and awareness among the citizens we might think about it Mayor Gutiérrez well it's a problem of public health and it arrives in a public order situation as long as there is a debate on the criminalization for example in Colombia the minimum dose of marijuana is now approved but what do we do we have to persecute these different networks we have to create secure environments around schools for example but we have to give it a public health focus that for us is que we cannot treat the same person the same we have to make a difference between a drug addict and a drug distributor here we have to talk about education and the model of education and it is what is happening in Latin America the responsibility for the children is it up only to the state or is it the families people tend to think that they deliver the children to the state and they get them back when they turn 18 no that is not true the education of children has to be the responsibility of schools and of parents equally and Mauricio also mentioned something that I think is key for the development of sustainable cities having sustainable cities is costly it's more costly now to have them but we need that urgently due to the climate change if we sit there and wait until we have the public resources we will never do the big transformations what Mauricio mentions about the PPAs is key we need to create these alliances and we need the actual tools to do it in this development plan for example almost 15% of resources will be required through PPAs we have 40 projects already defined where we have invited the private sector to participate we talk about 1.89 1000 million or 1.89 billion pesos but for there to be PPAs you need drugs you need a good entrepreneurial environment now let us open the floor for some question for the question session I have more questions but I promise that I would give the audience the possibility of interacting with the with our mayors your name and a very brief question Lina Mesquita from Guatemala City I would like to ask both of you maybe not cities but as a global perspective what happens will we have to at a given point in the growth of our population of our cities do we have to establish maximum parking spaces do we need to get there because at a given point the density in those concentrations that you talk about is going to be impossible and what are we going to do at the world level when we get to that point in the curve well I think that evidently we must begin imposing limits gradually but at the same time we must improve the alternatives that citizens have I think it's difficult to establish harsh restrictions if we don't offer a good quality transformation system so that is why we have to establish those types of restrictions to the extent that we generate actual alternative in the cities in the world where most population uses public transportation they do it because it's a quality service and because it is a quality service it's possible to disincentivate the use of private cars but the restrictions are not the only mechanism but that is a process where we have to quickly make progress and we have to make progress with firmness and enthusiasm obviously encouraging the participation of citizens but not only for the use of mass transit systems but also that system of non-motor devices like bicycles for example bicycles connect not only with conventional bicycles but we are one of the few cities in the world where we have incorporated electric bicycles despite of the fact that our city is in the middle of mountains with very steep streets and those discourage 20 people from using bicycles today thanks to electric bicycles we have women we have elderly people using those in many unions of bicycles yes and there's gonna be many more and you have restrictions ok so I'm going to answer the question I think the best way to discourage the use of private transportation is through by improving and providing excellent public transportation systems the tramway, the metro all those mass transit systems we are going to build 80 new kilometers in 4 years for example today we have 1500 bicycles using our streets and our goal is to reach a situation where we think not only of the city but the metropolitan area we cannot continue thinking only as an independent city the metropolitan areas are absolutely the key when it comes to mobility but we need to make the decisions and make progress today we have a good understanding with the 10 mayors of the area it's the same air that we all breathe we all pollute and also citizen culture is key for sustainable cities and why because we all say another thing is that pollution is so bad but we all pollute we are all part of the city so I think that it's key to turn citizens into allies ok we have run out of time for this chat and I want to ask you about what you would like as mayors with your experience what would be the new agenda what would you like the new agenda for Habitat 3 to include what are you going to have Santa for well there is something very concrete that I have been suggesting for many years I think that it's positive to include for the first time the local mayors in the agenda I think it's logical but we should go beyond if we have had a voice in the construction of the new urban agenda now we need a concrete and institutionalized role in the execution and in the follow up of the agenda internationally and I refer specifically to the UN scheme I think that it's high time that local governments have a concrete specific and effective role in the UN system regarding the execution and follow up the preparation and follow up of the new agenda because otherwise it's going to be very difficult for mayors to do anything in that sense and that is going to benefit not only the city and sustainable development but also the UN system itself which is going to become more legitimate after 50 years evidently it requires a reform because it is not responding to the new to the modern reality mayor and with you we will close ok I think we know what is going to happen in Quito they are going to have an agenda considering the importance of mayors influencing the type of cities that we want for people cities for people where first you have the pedestrian then the biker then public transportation and finally goods and private transportation that defines the type of cities that we want all the commitments regarding climate change where the governments have been acquiring commitments a model of economy and an inclusive growth model which is a big discussion of this forum the importance of education the quality of education the access to good quality jobs social innovation whereas which is so fundamental in the big discussion in Latin America which is urban security urban security is where we have to work very hard but urban security comes in a combination of many of these strategies social strategies and control regarding crime and crime is not domestic only crime in Latin America is mutating permanently crime seeks to have more and more territorial control not only of a city but a full of entire countries phenomena like micro extortion those are things that we need to discuss in detail and that discussion we may have later on well thank you to you both mayors for your comments I'm not in my script but I would say that you both have the cities in the center of your plans thank you very much