 and welcome to the class. Once again, you have been doing a lot of things in Japanese in the past lessons. Are you ready today for more Japanese? Well, we will do a lot of things. We will do new forms. We will do new kanji. We will learn about Japanese festivals, also some proverbs and of course, vocabulary. But before that, we will go over the assignments that I had given you last time. So well, the first assignment that I gave was, the te imasu form. Please revise the te imasu form. You can see a lot of pictures here. Tanaka-san is doing various things. So well, what is he doing? Let us see. The first one is, shower o abite imasu. He is taking a shower. Te imasu form is in continuous tense, where an action is in progress. So well, kao o aratte imasu. He is washing his face. Ima yasunde imasu. He is relaxing. Ima waratte imasu. He is smiling. Ima swatte imasu. He is sitting. You can also use those. For example, waratte imasu is given over here. Rao san wa or Tanaka san wa ima waratte imasu. Then we have one more, e o kaite imasu. Kaite imasu is actually writing, but for picture or painting, it is kaku, e is picture. So e o kaite imasu. He is drawing or painting. Well, the second one is, match kanji characters in group A with meanings in group B. So, we have the kanji characters here. You have done most of them. You have been seeing all the characters in your lessons. The meanings are given over here in Roman. You can match these, please. So, onna no hito, fuyu. Fuyu is winter, namae, kodomo no hi, tegami, rai getsu, shukudai. Shukudai, though we have not done it formally, but always before your assignments, this character is there. You can check it out and see you should be able to recognize it now. Sensei, gakusei, you can see this is similar. Now, change the verb forms and fill in the blanks with those forms. So well, minasan dozo meshiagaru is polite for eat, meshiagatte kudasai. Minna de juuichi ji ni aimashou ni over here is for aimasu. I keep repeating it again and again for you to understand. Watashi wa ashita piknik e ikitaku nai. I do not want to go. Sumimasen, chotto jimusho e itte mite kudasai please go and see. Sensei wa ima oshiete imasu is teaching. Saito tachi wa ima kiite imasu are listening. Saito is pupils, students and to make it plural as we do not have plurals in Japanese, tachi is used. You have done gakusei tachi, onnanohito tachi, kodomotachi. So well, tachi is a plural. It can be attached to any noun. Sensei ni pen o sashiageru, sashiage mashita. Gave to someone senior or older to you. Okaasan ni ishatsu o moraimashita. The subject over here is not there. It is understood. Watashi wa okasan ni ishatsu o moraimashita. Ima nani mo shitaku nai. The negative over here, shitaku arimasen. Nai is the plain form for arimasen. So negative because of nani mo, nothing. I do not want to do anything. So always, nani mo will take a negative verb. Nodo ga kawaita, kawaki mashita. Nani ka, nomimashou or nomitai. Nani ka is something. Nani mo is nothing. We did it in our last lesson. So well, you could go there and check it out. Fill in the blanks with appropriate interrogative words and particles. So, it is a mixture. Let us see. Rao san, dou shite ringou o kaimasu ka? dou shite is why? Why you buying apples? Deri wa donna machi desu ka? What type of dou shite keiki o tabemasen ka? Why aren't you eating the cake? Dou shite is why? Asking for reason. Kanpur kara deri made ikura desu ka? Ikura over here is for how much is the ticket? How much does it cost? You could also add Kanpur kara deri made bus de ikura desu ka or densha de ikura desu ka? By mode of which mode of transport you want to go, you can inquire how much it costs or takes. Heya ni taksan mono ga arimasu. Taksan is lots of. Taksan means lots as in number which can be counted, which can be seen, which can be counted is taksan. And another lots is yoku, which is again lots but a little abstract cannot be counted or cannot be measured. For example, we have something here for you later on. Yoku tabemashita, I had lots to eat. So, a small quantity could be lots for someone and a small quantity may not be lots for someone. So well, yoku is lots but cannot be measured and taksan is something which can be seen, which can be measured. Atama ga itai kara ima uchi de yasunde imasu. Dare ni tegami wo kakimasu ka? Dare ni to humu. Jimushitsu ni kopi no kikai wa ikutsu arimasu ka? Nandai arimasu ka? Both are used though ikutsu is used for small things but for kopi no kikai machine ikutsu is used and nandai of course is for big machinery or big things. So, nandai is also used. Hasami de kami wo kirimasu. Hasami is scissors, de by means of width. Rao-san no kaisha wa dochira desu ka? I just explained this to you in the previous class. Dochira over here means where are you working in this situation. Though generally dochira means where. Now look at the pictures and write hiragana. This is essential. You need to know your hiragana because all three scripts are written simultaneously. We are doing kanji so we also need to do hiragana. There is tamago, kuruma, kudamono, sakana, kumo. So whatever you say you write, it is very simple. Hana, dango, kaeru. Kaeru is not kaerimasu, kaeru is also a frog, risu and ashi. We have done risu in our proverbs so I am sure you will remember risu. Then we have what do you say in these situations. So well, jikou shoukai no toki hajimemashite, yoroshiku onegai shimasu. This is an expression, uchi e kaetta toki. Can you tell me what they say? Well, it is tadaima. Uchi kara deru toki. Deru toki is when you leave your house, you say itte kimasu. I will go and come. Shokuji wo taberu mae ni itadaki masu. Thanks for the food. It is a prayer. Thanking God, thanking Him for the good food. Omiage wo ageru toki. Tsumaranai mono desu ga dozo. You could also add a lot of things after this but this is basic. Tsumaranai mono desu ga tsumaranai mono means it is a very small thing. It is something very very small. So please accept it and even if the thing is very big, you would always say tsumaranai mono desu. Kurasu no mai ni hajimaru mai ni what do you say? Well, hajime mashouka shall we begin. Kurasu ni haeru toki, minasan ohayou gozaimasu or konnichiwa depending on the time of the day. Keiki wo ageta toki nani wo imasu ka? Dozo meshi agatte kudasai. This is polite. You can also say to your friends your age dozo tabete kudasai or you could also say dozo tabete mite kudasai. Please eat and see. Gohan wo tabeta ato after you have had gohan, after you have finished eating gochisou sama deshita. Thank you for the good food. You thank God for the food that you have eaten. And teinei ni kikutoki, teinei is polite. Teinei ni kikutoki, kohi wo nomimashouka what do you say instead of this? Well, kohi wa ikaga desu ka is the phrase, ikaga is polite for nomimasu or just asking politely for eating or drinking or going somewhere. Now, as I promised to you earlier in the lesson, we are going to talk about, I want something. We have done in our previous lessons, I want to do something. If you remember, we did watashi wa gohan wo tabetai, watashi wa nihongo wo benkyoushitai meaning that I want to do this. But over here, what we are going to do today is, I want something. I want to have something. So well, for example, I want a doll or someone else wants a doll or whatever. So, let us see. Before that, we will try to do the potential form which we did in our last lesson. We did group 1. Last time, we will do group 2 today. Now, group 2 verbs, will you tell me some group 2 verbs? Well, they are taberu, neru, akeru, shimeru, kangaeru. So, you will see all of them end in ruu. Now, what you need to do for potential form to show that you are able to perform a certain thing, you are able to do a certain action. Well, you just need to remove this ruu from here and add ra-re-ruu, taberareru. I can eat, neru, nerareru. I can sleep, akerareru. I can open, shimerareru. I can close, kangaerareru. I can think. So, you can say for taberareru, watashi wa niku ga taberaremasu. Watashi wa taberaremasu. Watashi wa madou akeraremasu. So, I can open. I have the ability to open. Niku ga taberaremasu. You are stating a fact. You are stating something. Thus, it is ga over here. Now, you can practice group 2 and group 1 both in this section over here. There is a small conversation. Rao san, nihongo ga hanasemasu ka? Group 1, hanashimasu mass form. Hanasemasu, potential form. Hai, skoshi hanasemasu. And this is very, very cultural. Even if you know something very well, even if you are able to do something very well, you are jouzu at it, you are good at it, you will still say very politely, in a very humble manner, skoshi little bit. I only know very little. So, this is very, very cultural and of course, language is all about culture of a place. So well, it has come into the language. Skoshi is, you will never say that I know all or I am very good at this. In Japan at least, you will say I am still learning or I know little as is given over here. Hai, skoshi hanasemasu. I can speak a little. So well, you can replace nihongo over here for chūgoku and hanashimasu as over here. Hanasu can be the same. Then Rao san, densha de ikemasu ka? Can you go? Rao san, niku ga taberaremasu ka? Can you eat niku, which is meat or ohashi de with the means of ohashi by ohashi, which is chopsticks. Taberaremasu ka? So, you can ask and it could be hai, it could be iie, I cannot do or I can do. You can practice this with your partner. You have the kanji for chūgoku and densha, which you have done. Niku is a new kanji, which I will tell you and ohashi is again a new kanji, which we will do later. We will cover this later sometime. You can just look at the kanjis, become familiar. Hanasu for talking, iku for ikimasu and taberu for tabemasu. We have done all these three characters. So, you can use potential form like this over here for group 1 and group 2. Now, there is a small conversation here between A and B. Listen to this conversation and there are a few new things. We will try to cover them in class now. Rao san, raigetsu inno e kaerimasu ka? Sou desu. Raigetsu no juu san nichi desu. Dore gurae desu ka? San shukan desu. Oba san to ojii san ni mo aau kara chotto nagai desu. Omiage wo kaimashita ka? Hai kaimashita. Demo imoto wa mada desu. Jitsu wa watashi wa kamura wo kaetai desu ga. Imoto wa nihon ningyou ga daisuki desu kara hoshigatte imasu. Jya, ryō katte kudasai ne. Demo ningyou no mise wa shiranai kara ima komattemasu. Ah, sou desu ka. Jya, chotto matte ne. Tomodachi ni kiritemiru. Rao san daijobu yo. Tomodachi wa mise wo shitteiru kara goannaishimasu. Ah, arigatou onegai shimasu. So well, how much did you understand now? Tell me. Most of it I am sure. I will read it now. Rao san laigetsu indoe kaerimasu ka? Sou desu laigetsu no juu san nichi desu. Dore gurai desu ka? San shukan desu. Oba san to ojii san ni mo aau kara chotto nagai desu. Omiage wo kaimashita ka? Hai kaimashita. Demo imoto wa mada desu. Jitsu wa watashi wa kamura wo kaitai desu ga. Nihon ningyou ga daisuki desu kara hoshigatte imasu. Jya, ryohokatte kudasai. Demo ningyou no mise shiranai kara ima komattemasu. Ah, sou desu ka. Jya, chotto matte ne. Tomodachi ni kiritemiru. Rao san daijobu desu yo. Tomodachi wa mise wo shiteiru kara goannaishimasu. Ah, arigatou onegaishimasu. So, it is a little longish, but the sentence construction is very simple. You have done all of them. Over here you will notice in the fourth line that there are two particles used together, which we have not done so far ni and mo. Ni over here is for aimasu, which means to meet and mo you have already done, which means also ni mo together means I have also to meet my grandparents. Thus, my holiday is a little nagai. It is a little longish. Omiage wo kaimashita ka? Hai, kaimashita demo, but imouto wa mada desu. For my sister, I have not bought anything as yet. Jitsu wa, actually speaking, watashi wa kamerou kaitai desu ga imouto wa nihon ningyou ga daisuki desu kara hoshigatte imasu. I want to buy a camera, but my sister likes Japanese dolls. Thus, I have to buy a doll for her and she is wanting a Japanese doll from me. Thus, I have to buy a Japanese doll for her. So, B-san says in that case, why do not you buy both? Ryohou, camera as well as a doll. Ryohou katte kudasai by both, but demo ningyou no mise, Japanese doll shop, I do not know. Thus, I am a little worried now. Komatte imasu, I am a little worried. You do not have to be worried. Ah, so desu ka, ja chotto matte ne. Wait for a minute. Tomodachi ni kiite miru. Now, so far you have done mass form always in the end, but over here you can see the sentence ends with miru, which is a plain form. So, when you are talking to your friends in informal situation, you may use miru instead of mass form in the end as well. Rao san daijoubu desu yo. After 5 minutes after talking, he comes back again and he says Rao san daijoubu desu yo. Tomodachi wa mise wo shitte iru kara, he knows the mise. Thus, he will guide us and Rao san obviously says arigato. So well, lot of new things over here we will practice right away. This is in the script of course, you can go over this and practice your hiragana and katakana and kanji. And this is the explanation, but please remember I keep repeating this again and again, but please remember that this is not a literal translation of what is given in the conversation. This is just what you would say in English. Sometimes, there is a literal translation which you will see sounds a little odd as is given over here, but I do not know a place where Japanese dolls are sold, so I am a little worried now. So instead of that, you can say I do not know where to buy dolls. So sometimes, they sound a little odd, but well, you can practice this now. Look at the pictures and tell what you want hoshi. The first picture is Megane ga hoshi desu. I want Megane. Megane ga hoshi desu. Because you are stating a fact, because you are stating something emphatically, thus you will use particle ga over here. Hoshi will always take particle ga. The second one is boushi. He wants a cap. Boushi, he is thinking of a cap. So boushi ga hoshi desu. Then, o-kane, money, everybody wants money. So well, o-kane ga hoshi desu. Wants to have o-kane. Then, in the end we have these two people talking to each other. A san wants a computer and B san wants a camera. So well, A san wa computer ga hoshi desu and B san wa camera ga hoshi desu. So well, that is how it is. A san wa computer ga hoshi desu. You can practice like this with ga, but remember hoshi will always take particle ga and its states express your desire to want something. Go over this. One thing important with hoshi is, as you can see in the example also, first person, something ga hoshi desu. Second person, inquiry, something ga hoshi desu ka. And if it is third person, you are talking about someone who is not present over there, about someone else's desire to want something. Then, third person is, something ga hoshi gate imasu. I am sorry, something o hoshi gate imasu. So please remember that, as is given in the example over here, watashi wa tokei ga hoshi desu. Rao san wa nani ga hoshi desu ka? Rao san wa kuruma o hoshi gate imasu. So you will see the difference. Hoshi will take ga and hoshi gate imasu. Third person will always take o. Practice hoshi over here. Let us see what it is. Nani ga hoshi desu ka? Well, you can desire anything you want in the picture. He wants a camera. He also wants a kuruma. So well, let us see. Kameraga hoshi desu. Rao san wa kameraga hoshi desu. And also, he wants a kuruma. And not only one, he wants three. The sandai kuruma mo hoshi desu. Also, sandai kuruma mo hoshi desu. Then, he wants a kaban. So well, kaban ga hoshi desu. Now, look at this picture and let us see what Tanaka san wants. Picture is the same which we did previously. That was for oneself. Now, this is for third person. Let us see what it is. Megane o hoshi gate imasu. Mariko san wa megane o hoshi gate imasu. Tanaka san wa boushi o hoshi gate imasu. Boushi. Now, we have Michiko san wa okane o hoshi gate imasu. A san and B san wa kamera to computer o hoshi gate imasu. You could say that separately, A san wa kamera o hoshi gate imasu. B san wa computer o hoshi gate imasu. So, you can practice hoshi and hoshi gate imasu like this. Now, there was another word over there in the conversation which was suki. Suki means like and the way it is pronounced in Japanese is ski. So, it sounds like skiing, but it is not skiing. It is to like someone or to like something. There is a small conversation here A san and B san. Rao san wa nani ga suki desu ka? Nani ga again because you are asking choice. You are asking what someone likes. Watashi wa ice cream ga suki desu. I like ice cream. Ja, ice cream wo tabemashou. Let us have ice cream. So well, you can replace ice cream for anything. Ice cream over here for chokurei to pizza. Ringo, beer, wine, baga, anything. Watashi wa chokurei to ga suki desu. Watashi wa pizza ga suki desu. Tanaka san wa pizza ga suki desu ka? Iie, watashi wa spaghetti ga suki desu. So, you can make small conversation like this using any of these. Now, in our last lesson we had done nani. You have done this word, interrogative word doko meaning where. So, there are lot of things listed over here. You can see how to use and what it means, what are the combinations. So well, doko e ikimasu ka? Kaisha e ikimasu. Doko e mo ikimasen. I will not go anywhere. A and mo we have already done once. This is just a revision for you. Doko e mo ikimasen. Nowhere, doko e mo ikimasen. Doko e ikimasu ka? Doko ka? Somewhere e ikimasu ka? Doko e mo ikimasen. Doko e mo ikitaku nai. I do not want to go anywhere. Doko ka? Somewhere. Doko ga ii desu ka? Where do you think is a good place to go? Doko demo ii desu. Anywhere is alright. Place x ga ii desu. You name a place, you specify a location and you say this place is very, very good. Doko e ikitai desu ka? Where do you want to go? Doko e mo ikitaku nai. So, we will do doko as doko e mo will take a negative. Doko e mo ikimasen. Nowhere, doko ka e ikimasu ka? Doko ka? Somewhere and then doko demo ii desu. Anywhere is alright. Doko e mo no where? Doko ka? Somewhere and doko demo anywhere. So, you can use them like this as it is given over here. You can ask questions and answer and practice your small dialogue. Now, in our last lesson as I told you earlier, we did tai form of the verb which is I want to do something. Over here, we are doing hoshi that I want something. I want a noun. Over there, we are using a verb in tai form. There is a small picture here. You can see Tanaka san over here or Tarou kun over here and he wants to go hiking with Mariko san. So, let us see what it is. Nani wo shitai desu ka? Haikin e ikitai. Haikin wo shitai. Mariko san to issho ni haikin e ikitai. Then, she is thinking kutsu wo kaitai. Nani wo kaitai desu ka? Kutsu wo kaitai or nani ga hoshi desu ka? Atarashiku tsuga hoshi desu. Atarashiku tsuo kaitai. So, you can practice like this. Simple, you can see the difference between tai form and hoshi. One is a verb form and one over here you want something. It is a personal desire that you want a certain object. Now, we have been doing expressions. This is a very, very cultural thing you can see over here. The Japanese in their houses at the entrance remove shoes and then enter house. When they enter someone's house or when they enter even their house, they change into a different set of slippers which is only used inside. And the reason is that they have tatami floors. If you remember, we did tatami floors in our previous lesson with fusuma. And because it is a straw flooring, if you get shoes from outside, the flooring will get dirty. It cannot be cleaned and then besides that the biggest reason is that Japanese do everything. They sit on the floor, they eat on the floor, they sleep on the floor. So, you have to change like this. There is a small step over here. You have to come up, leave your slippers over here in this area and then come up, wear these and then enter the house. So, what do you say at this time? Well, this expression you have done irasshaimase. When you enter a shop or you come to someone's house, generally irasshaimase is used which is welcome. Now, dozo oagari kudasai. This is the expression which is used when you invite someone inside. Dozo means please, agari kudasai means please come inside, step up and come inside. And kudasai of course is please, o over here is onrific and being very very courteous and teinei which is polite. Dozo oagari kudasai. So, this is an expression you can remember and try to use if you are in Japan. Always change your chappals, always change your sandals and then enter someone's house. There is another expression here. This gentleman has eaten too much. He is totally full, cannot eat anymore and what does he say? Onaka ippai desu. Onaka is stomach, ippai is have had too much. It is full. Onaka ippai desu. Yoku tabemashita, as I told you earlier, Taksan and Yoku. Yoku, he has had a lot to eat but you cannot count how much Yoku and Taksan is can be counted and measured. Mo taberarenai mo taberare masen. This is the form that we did last time. Taberarenai, I cannot eat anymore. Mo taberarenai, I cannot eat anymore. Now, why onaka ippai desu. Onaka is stomach, ippai is full. So, these were two expressions for you. You can use these expressions freely. They will make you comfortable with the language and you meet a Japanese, try to use these. It is good. It gives a good feeling, breaks the ice and you can make friends easily with the expressions that we have done in class. Now, as I always do, we will do kanjis. You have done these four kanjis that I am going to do now with you. Seasons, in the last lesson, you saw the kanjis. In the pictures, we will do these kanjis now. The first one is Haru, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. So, please remember this is a little short, longest of them all like this. From here, from the second one like this, like this and nichi over here, this makes it Haru, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. This is Haru. Let us see how many strokes are there to Haru. Well, it is a 9 stroke character Haru and Shun. There are two readings to it. You can only concentrate on Haru. That would be just fine. Then, we have Natsu for you again. This is a simple character like this. One, you have done ichi, then you have done me, then like this Natsu. So, once more 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. It is a 10 stroke character Natsu. Now, what do we have after this? We have Aki. Aki is autumn, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and then you have he over here 6, 7, 8 and 9. Once again 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. It is a 9 stroke character. Let us see 9 Aki and Shuu. Then, we have Fuyu which is winter, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. It is a 5 stroke character. So, you can see now all these 4 Kanji characters together. We have Haru, Natsu, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, Haru, Natsu, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Natsu, then Aki, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 and then we have Fuyu, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. There are a lot of words. You have done Natsu Yasumi, you have done Haru Yasumi, you have done Fuyu Yasumi. So, all these words are there. You can practice these words. You know the words, you can now do the Kanji as well. Now, 4 seasons we did last time. There is another season that the Japanese talk about and that is Suyu which is monsoon. So, there is monsoon also before the summer and this is the character for monsoon and we are going to talk about the monsoon festival today which is Tanabata later. But before that, we need to complete our Kanji. So, this you have all 4 together, Shunka, Shuto, Haru, Natsu, Aki for you. Shunka, Shuto all year round, all through you have something then you say Shunka, Shuto. So, you can just remember this word. It is interesting, that is all. Then, there are some Kanji characters here for you. The Kanji is that we have done. Words you know, I have given the Kanji. Natsu Yasumi, Natsu Mono. Natsu Mono is clothes, summer clothes. Then, Shuki, autumn air, Rito, first day of winter. Now, this character though I have not done, this means also to stand up. So, you can, it is a simple character. You can remember it, Rika, start of summer. Then Akikaze is autumn breeze and Fuyuyasumi is winter holidays. So, these are some words you can use in sentences. It will be good. We do Katakana all the time. This time, we will do the Ma series. Ma, you can see me. You have 3, it goes from here, 1, 2 and 3 like this. Mi, just 3 simple lines. Mi, mu, 2 lines over here. This is 1 and 2. Generally, you draw with brush, you make with brush. So, it becomes very difficult to lift it here. So, just drag it like this and 2. Mi, mu and me. As in eyes, me. See the stroke order, this one is not first. This one is first and then this one as you need to end your character on the right bottom corner of the square. Then we have mu, 1, 2 and 3. You have all of them here in front of you. You can see how the stroke order is done, how clearly it is shown and you can practice like this. Practice on a graph sheet or maths copy which has big squares in it. It will make your character very, very proportionate. We have been doing proverbs and as I have been telling you proverbs, tell us about a country, about what people think, how they behave, how they interact and proverbs tell you about the thinking of the people of that country. It is very cultural. It has a long, long history to it. Whatever the proverb may be, it comes from something that has happened back sometime and very smartly that is being used very intelligently. That is being used to tell something in short, convey something in very, very short. Koto means word and waza means the art of using those words very intelligently and conveying in short. Now, this is a koto waza which tells you a lot about the Japanese people and you can see a car. This road over here, there is a small bridge. What does the koto waza say? Well it says, isogaba maware, isogaba maware. What does it mean? Well it means that however much you are in a hurry, wherever you want to go, when in a hurry, always think again, do not take a short route. Stop and think whether it is the best thing to do or not. Always take a longer route. The short route, the shortcut may not be very good. It may not serve its purpose. It may not be very helpful for you. So, always whenever in a hurry, whenever you want to do things in a rushed manner, well never do that. Always, always take the proper route. Always do what is to be done. That is what the proverb says, isogu means to hurry, maware means detour. So, this is what the Japanese are. Whatever the temptation, always take the correct route. Do it properly. In the end, we have well vocabulary. There is lots of it. You can go over it, see there are words, new words here. You can see the meanings and use them in sentences. Now, I had told you that I am going to tell you about tanabata, about this festival, monsoon festival, which is celebrated in Japan during this time. So, there is kaminari, which is thunder, there is rain, which is ame and this is tanabata, what they do during this time. So, well, tanabata, the kanji character, the pictogram is like this, 7th tana and evening. So, this is the character for tanabata. You can see very clearly, this means the 7th evening. So, tanabata is a monsoon festival and why tanabata in monsoon is because Japan was an agrarian society and everything depended on agriculture. And monsoon is the time when you sow your rice fields, you plant rice during that time. And naturally, when you are planting something, you would want to satisfy the gods, you would want to offer something nice, you would like to pray to them for a good crop. So, this was the time when they would hang small offerings, give small offerings to the gods and pray for a good crop. Now, slowly over a period of time, this changed and everybody started doing it, even children started doing it. And they started during this time, praying to God that they would get good marks, could write good, could write kanji nicely properly, want more money than you hang a purse or something on the trees. Now, the tree that was available or the bush or the shrub grass that was available or is available during this time, mainly is bamboo. And every house would have a bamboo tree, bamboo grass bush. So, they would hang whatever little offering was there on the bamboo shoot and it would be displayed outside the house. So, that was done earlier. Of course, now it is done in a very, very big way and as you can see, it is celebrated now, it is celebrated on the 7th of July every year. Earlier, it was celebrated from the 7th of July till the 7th of August. Of course, there are lot of stories associated with this and the main story as you can see is from a Chinese folklore and the folklore is about Orihime, who is the daughter, the princess of the God of heaven who is Tente and she weaves cloth for her father which is very beautiful and he loves it. But she weaves it the whole day and he asks her to weave so much that she is unable to meet anyone. She is very depressed over it and very saddened. So, seeing this, her father introduces her to this gentleman here, Hikoboshi, who is the cowherd and when they meet, they immediately fall in love and they get married. Once they get married, then Hikoboshi and Orihime both do not do what they are supposed to do. Orihime does not weave cloth, she forgets about weaving and Hikoboshi forgets about taking his cows for grazing. So, Tente, he is the emperor, he is the big man, he is the king. So, he gets very angry with his daughter and his son-in-law and he separates them that you have not done your duty well and you cannot live together. Of course, she weeps and weeps as one can imagine and taking pity on her, Tente decides that they will meet once a year and that is when actually Tanabata takes place, that is the seventh day of the seventh moon of the lunar calendar and everybody celebrates it in a big big way in Japan. To celebrate this, the Japanese write their wishes as I told you earlier on sheets of paper and hang them on bamboo shoots and they hang different things for different wishes. Lot of origami is hung, generally thousand crane garlands are hung for good health, for long life, for purses are hung for money, then kimono charms are hung for diseases and accidents and lot of other things are also done and you will see the bamboo shoot over here with lot of streamers and lot of red, pink, orange, blue, all kinds are hung and the good thing here is that you will notice whatever is written is for good health, for long life, for children writing for money, for good marks but generally you will notice that people nobody writes, nobody hangs anything or writes for money, that is cultural, that is not done. You have these streamers here, this is a celebration in 2010 in Tokyo. The bamboo shoots are here, you can see these streamers, these signify the thread used for weaving by origami and lot of celebration, lot of gaiti is there and people eat good food, meet people, go out in their traditional dress which is the kimono. Of course, this is yugata which the ladies wear with these wooden sandals which are called geta and they go about its very hot so this kimono is very, very good, light to wear and can take the heat. Children, it is natsu yasumi which is holiday time, children have sports functions, they have these undokais and they enjoy a lot, lot of hanabi is done which is fire crackers and the whole family enjoys during this festival. Prayers offerings are made, prayers are done and all these small paper is hung, whatever they want to ask, they ask and always enjoy with family. So this is about tanabata, you can read more on the net, the pictures are all from the net, they are from Google, so you can Google them up, all the links are given, you can see and see the different versions of the legend, different places have different endings, different way Tente has treated his daughter Orihime what she does and how the magpais help her or how she, whatever she has done you can see and learn more about tanabata. So well, now after this you have your assignments, your shukudai, you can see the kanji over here, there is lots to do today, there are pictures you have to tell about what they are doing then practice this form, tell about the seasons, there are pictures given in group A and in group B match the pictures and write the words, then we have done this earlier, look at these pictures carefully and see what festival it is, what is done during the festival and write a small sakubun on this festival match group A with group B. Then there is a small conversation for you to practice with your partner, practice using these words over here. So well, now in the end you have your listening comprehension, just listen to this very carefully and then the exercise is there, you have to do that exercise. So, this is a conversation between A and B, let us see what the conversation is. No do ga kawakimashita, nanika nomitai desu. Ice tea o nomimasu ka? Kocha o nomimasu ka? Sumetai mono wa nomimasen, atsui mono o nomimasu. Kocha o tsukurimashou ka? Kocha wa doyatte tsukurimasu ka? Watashi wa wakaranai. Kanitan desu yo. Nabe ni mizu o irete kudasai, juppun gurai mizu o wakashite kudasai, juppun ato nabe ni kocha no happa mo irete kudasai. Sore kara kopu ni sato to milku o irete, tsukutta kocha o irete kudasai, saigo ni spoon de mazete kudasai. Sore de wa kocha ga dekiagarimashita. Dozo, non de mite kudasai. Ikimochi desu ne, kocha wa oishi desu yo. I hope you all could understand this was about making tea. So well, try to listen to it carefully and then fill in the blanks using the words given below. Try to remember your dialogue and then try to fill these blank spaces. Well, this was your shukudai for today and you can practice what we have done today, what we have done previously and try to do small conversation. Think up of a situation, do conversations with your partner and then we will meet next time again and try to do something new. Till then, thank you and mata aimashou.