 Hello everyone welcome back to another session in dentistry and more Today's topic in conservative dentistry is mattresses So last session we have seen two separators. So where we studied about wedges and other types of two separators So this will be a continuation of that chapter So mattresses so mattressing is a procedure whereby a temporary wall is created opposite to axial walls Surrounding areas of the two structure that were lost during cavity preparation So we are creating a temporary wall here. Okay, so we are creating a temporary wall here So that is nothing but mattressing. It's a procedure by a Temporary wall is created to the axial walls Okay, surrounding areas of the two structure that were lost during the cavity preparation So this spot is lost during cavity preparation So we create a temporary wall to help us in the restoration procedure So that is mattressing so matrix is a Device used during restorative procedures to hold the plastic restorative material within the tooth while it is sitting So this process is known as mattressing and this Device is known as matrix Okay So what are the ideal requirements of a matrix? So it should be Very easy to use so the retainer or its handle should not interfere with the condensation of the restoration Or patient discomfort. So this is known as retainer. This is a band So we have many types of retainers and band So the retainer or its handle so the retainer and its handle It should not Interfere with the condensation of the restoration or patient comfort And it should be rigid the matrix should be rigid enough to confine the restorative material As it is condensed under pressure and should not get displaced easily from its position. So it should be Hold the restoration while it is being condensed while it is being restored. It should not get displaced That is a prime function of matrix And it should provide proper proximal contact and contour and there should be a positive Proximal pressure Okay, so Positive proximal pressure means The matrix should exert a positive pressure against the adjacent tooth So there will be a tooth here, right? So this will be the Adjacent tooth So it should exert a positive pressure against the adjacent tooth during the insertion of the restoration so that after its removal Normal contact between teeth is established. So this should exert a positive pressure here So that even after the removal of this matrix The normal contact between teeth is Established So that is positive proximal pressure the next one is it should be non reactive It should not react or stick to the restorative material It should be inexpensive and it should be easy to sterilize So these are the ideal requirements of a matrix So the functions of matrix is to confine the restorative material while it is hardening to establish the optimal Contact and contours of the restoration to prevent interval overhangs of restoration To provide acceptable surface texture for restoration So this is a occlusion view if we take a side view Okay, so here we are keeping the matrix. So if it is not proper what happens is The restoration it will be coming downward. Okay, so this is a Jinjevel line So there will be Jinjevel overhangings of restoration. It should not be there. It should be properly contoured. Okay So if it is not properly placed, there will be Jinjevel overhangings of the restoration so Now let's learn the parts of matrix So any system will be having basically two parts one is a retainer and the second one is band So this is a retainer. Okay, so this is a retainer and this is band Band is what we attach to the retainer. Okay So the retainer and band. So these are two parts of matrix So retainer it holds a band in desired position and shape. Okay So this one we attach this to This retainer to the desired position. So it has many Halls here so we can adjust it depending upon the size of tooth So it may be this retainer this retainer may be a metallic ring or a mechanical device Or a impression combat Whereas a band it is a piece of metal. Okay, so this is a band Okay, so this is a band which is a piece of metal or polymeric material Used to give support and give form to the restorative material so the Function of retainer is to hold the band. Okay, so this is actually banned. So there will be a retainer here Which is holding this band in position So band is a piece of metal or material Used to give support and give form of form to the restorative material. Okay, so commonly used material for bands are Stainless steel, poly acetate, cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate So the bands are usually available as strips of various dimension using point zero zero One two point zero zero two inches. This is the dimensions and width will be three by 16 or One by four inches for permanent teeth and five by sixteen inch for the deciduous teeth So the matrix band should extend two mm above the marginal ridge and One mm below the ginger well margin of the preparation. Okay So when we are placing this matrix band, it should be two mm above the marginal ridge height. Okay So if this is a marginal ridge height, it should be two mm above and It should be One mm below the ginger well margin of the preparation. So the preparation is here. It should be below one mm Below the ginger well margin of the preparation So now let's move on to the classification of matrices So classification There are very many types of classification first one type of band material that is stainless steel copper bands Cellulose acetate poly acetate then depending upon its preparation One is mechanical matrix It includes ivory number one ivory number eight then custom made or anatomic matrix, which is Compound supported matrix then depending upon the mode of retention with retainer and without retainer The auto matrix system is without retainer with retainer are ivory number one eight and top form air Depending upon the cavity preparation for class one. We use double-banded toffel mare class two views ivory number one eight T-band or auto matrix for class three we can use a shaped Or my last trip or cellophane strip for class four again, we can use cellophane trips Class five we can use tin foil matrix or window matrix So there are many classification, but All together we classified as ivory number one number eight toffel mare Compound supported matrix or custom made matrix D-band matrix a strip matrix pre-contoured matrix copper band matrix Auto matrix clear plastic matrix window matrix and tin foil matrix So mainly we'll be studying about ivory number one Ivory number eight and toffel mare. So toffel mare is most commonly asked essay question or short essay this matrix system is commonly asked as a essay question So it is very important, especially the parts of toffel mare You need to draw the picture and draw the parts and explain the function of each part So we'll start with ivory number one matrix. So this matrix consists of a stainless steel band So this is a stainless steel band which encircles one proximal surface of posterior tooth. So let it be the band stainless steel band which encircles one posterior Proximal surface of posterior tooth. This is attached to the retainer via a wedge shape projection. So this is the wedge shape projection, okay So this will be this band will be attached to this wedge shape projection on the retainer and There will be an adjusting screw here At the end of the retainer which adapts the band to the proximal contour of the prepared tooth. So this retainer Bose can be adjusted by Turning this clockwise Anticlockwise and attach the band to here depending upon the size and contour of the Tooth where we are going to place restoration So as the adjusting screw is rotated clockwise the wedge shape projection Engage the tooth at the end pressure of the unprepared proximal surface. So we attach the band to this wedge shaped projections of retainer and we place it on the Proximal side of the unprepared tooth and turn it clockwise Turn the screw clockwise and engage it properly So it is indicated for restoring a unilateral class 2 cavity Especially when the contact on the unprepared side is very tight So we can use it on the class 2 preparation when the contact is very tight the main advantages of number one is It is very economical and can be sterilized But the disadvantage is it's difficult to apply and remove while removing the chance of Dislourishment of the restoration Now we have ivory number 8 matrix. So it is Consist of a band that encircles the entire crown of the tooth. So this is just Covering one proximal side. Okay, whereas the ivory number 8. This is the band. Okay Oh, we can see this is a retainer and this is the band. We attach this band. So this is the band We attach this band to this retainer. So this encircles Completely, okay, not just one side. It encircles completely. That is a difference So the circumference of the band can be adjusted by similarly by the adjusting screws here So it is indicated in unilateral and bilateral class 2 preparation. That is especially MOT, meso-occlusio Distal preparation. So if you have a cavity here also We can use the ivory number 8 with a completed band. Now, let's move on to the Toffel Mer. So Toffel Mer matrix is the most widely accepted matrix system for the class 2 preparation or posterior proximal wall adjustment So Toffel Mer was designed by Dr. BF Toffel Mer, which is also known as universal matrix. Okay So universal Because it can be used in all types of tooth preparation of posterior teeth So it is basically indicated in class 1 buckle or lingual extension unilateral or bilateral class 2 MOD preparation class 2 tooth preparation, which is having more than two missing walls so can be Used in all these types of preparation. Okay, that is Toffel Mer So the main advantages are its ease of use. It provides good contact and contour for most Amalgam restoration. It is rigid and stable But the disadvantages are it does not provide optimum contour and contact for posterior composite restoration And it is not useful for extensive class 2 restorations So now let's move to the parts of Toffel Mer, which is very important So the parts are It has got head. Okay, so head part. So This is the head part So this part is known as head So it accommodates the matrix band. So here we are Keeping the matrix band. It is a U-shaped with two slots. It is U-shaped with two slots Okay You might not be able to Understand it very clearly. Anyway, it is U-shaped with two slots The open side of the head should be facing Ginchavalli when band is placed around the tooth. Okay, so this is the open side Okay, so this should be facing Ginchavalli. It should be Ginchavalli Facing when the band is placed around the tooth So then the second part is the slide. Okay So slide is the diagonal slot. So can see a slide here This is a diagonal slot. Okay slide So that is the Amount of band extending beyond the slot. Okay, there we keep that is a diagonal slot where the ends of the band So here we attached the band and the remaining portion will be engaged to this diagonal slot now we have two two Null nuts So knurled nuts one is a smaller one and one it is bigger one So this is the outer nut. This is the inner nut So the two knurled nuts in retainer Which is also known as rotating spindle Okay Rotating spindle is knurled Nuts So the large knurled nut near the matrix band. So this is the large or inner knurled nut So which helps in adapting the loop of matrix band against the tooth and Also helps in adjusting the size of the loop of matrix band against the tooth. So if we have a toffel mirror here, okay This is a small knurled nut and this is a larger one and we have Similarly attached here. So this Large one which is changing the size of the loop And Against the tooth. Okay or the adapting the loop of matrix band against the tooth Where as a small one. So this is the outer or small one small Null nut which helps in tightening the band to the retainer. Okay tightening the band to the retainer the first one Was helping the proper adaptation second one tightening the band to the retainer and assembly of retainer the loop extending from retainer can project in Like straight which is used near anterior teeth or left or right used mostly in posterior areas of Oral cavity. So this knurled nuts Which is also known as knobs that is outer knob and inner knob and we have a diagonal slot here and we have guide slots So these slots used to position the matrix band either the left or right quadrant So that is present here The guide slots and also we have a spindle here. Okay So spindle which is also known as a pin So this internal screw like pin that fits into the diagonal slot to secure the ends of matrix band When assembling the retainer the spindle point must be clear of the slot into which the band slides Okay So that is the parts of Tafelmaier outer knob inner knob or outer nut or inner nut or Null nuts Null nuts that is a large Null nuts or smaller Null nuts and the diagonal slot This is a head part and This is a pin or spindle So we can have many types of bands. So the bands we use in Tafelmaier We can use flat bands or pre-conduced bands So flat bands are available in point zero zero two zero inches or point zero zero one five inches So it is available in three shapes. That is number one universal band number two MOD band and number three Narrow than the number two. So that is Tafelmaier Matrix system So the procedures starting with opening the large Null nuts so that the slide is at least One fourth inches from the head then hold the Null nut that is a larger one With one hand open the small nut in opposite direction for clearance of the diagonal slot for reception of the matrix band So the two ends of matrix band are secured together to form the loop or either or a pre-formed loop So place the ends of the band in diagonal slot Then the small Null nut is tightened. So this one is tightened first To secure the band to the retainer after securing the band tightly to the retainer then We adapt the band against the tooth by using the inner or larger Null nut So after that there will be wedge placement. Okay So similarly for procedure of removal Removal of retainer first small Null nut is moved counterclockwise to free the band from the retainer While rotating the smaller Null nut hold the larger nut In position then keep the intense finger on the occlusion surface of the band. So we need to keep the occlusion surface here Finger on occlusion surface to stabilize the band After that, we remove the retainer then the band. Okay carefully remove the band from each contact point Support the occlusion surface of the restoration while removing the band A condenser can be held against the marginal ridge of the restoration. So we can keep a condenser here So do not pull the band in occlusion direction rather move the band in facial or lingual Direction so bands can be cut near to the teeth or On the lingual side and try to pull it from the buckle side So we can cut it here and it can be pulled from the buckle side So that was about Toffelmare. It is very very important The parts of Toffelmare and the placement of Toffelmare and the removal of band and retainer from the tooth So all are important It is commonly asked as a question So now let's move to the next one that is a compound supported matrix Or custom-made or anatomic matrix. Okay, this one so it is Entirely handmade and contoured specifically for each individual So this band is contoured with an egg-shaped burnisher on a paper pad to achieve the approximate Proximal as well as the facial and lingual contours Then the band is positioned and stabilised by applying the soft impression compound facially, lingually and occlusively over the occlusional surface of adjacent tooth. So we can keep here Okay That is compound supported matrix So we can support the matrix using by keeping facial lingual and occlusional surface of adjacent tooth So following this amalgam condensation and carving can be completed So it is commonly indicated in class 2 cavities involving Havana both proximal surfaces So next we have the D-Band matrix. So D-Band matrix It is preformed t-shaped stainless steel matrix without a retainer So it will be like this So the long arm of t surrounds the tooth and overlaps short arm of t. So this is a long arm This is a short arm. So this surrounds the short arm Then the band is adjusted according to the circumference of tooth stabilised by wedging and supported by low fusing compound So it is commonly indicated for class 2 cavities involving one or both proximal surfaces Simple and inexpensive rapid and easy to apply So next we have S-shaped matrix. It is used for restoring distal part of canine and premolars So if we have canine here premola here So we use a S-shaped okay matrix band. So this is used for distal part of canine and premolar. We have a distal part of canine and premolar so Stainless steel matrix band is taken and twisted to Make it like a S with the help of mouth, middle and hand So in pre-contoured matrix it consists of small pre-contoured dead soft metal matrices ready for application to tooth So they are selected according to the tooth to be restored and wedged to adapt to dune travel contour So it is used for both amalgam and composite restoration easy to apply It is Actually very expensive So copper band matrix system is also there. So copper band of assorted sizes makes excellent matrices cylindrical in shape And can be selected according to the diameter of the tooth to be restored So the bands are softened by heating to redness in a flame and then quench in water after this The the bands can be stretched and shaped with contouring place Then the crucial height of band is adjusted with contouring place The band is contoured to reproduce the proper shape of the contact area Then keep it in position So it is mainly indicated for badly broken teeth, especially those receiving pin amalgam restoration And for complex situations like glass tooth cavities with large buckle or lingual extension The automatic system Which is an alternative to the universal retainer So there is no retainer used to hold the band in place So bands are already formed into a circle and are available in assorted sizes in both metal and plastic So automatic system is there is no retainer The band itself act as a retainer So each band has a coil like auto lock loop So a tightening wrench is inserted into the coil and turned clockwise to tighten the band When finished the tightening wrench is inserted into the coil and turned counterclockwise So that is a auto matrix band which is similarly available in these inches So It is mainly indicated in complex amalgam restoration where one or more cusp to be replaced The clear plastic matrix They are transparent plastic matrix employed as matrices for tooth coloured restorations because they allow light to pass through For the polymerization So it can be celluloid cellophane or myelastrips So it is mainly indicated in class 3 or class 4 tooth coloured restoration Now we have Window matrix window matrix its modification of toffel mer matrix used for class 5 amalgam restoration So the contra angle toffel mer retainer so The toffel mer retainer the Band is sometimes contra angle, okay So there are two types of toffel mer is available straight angle and contra angle So this contra angle toffel mer retainer is applied on the lingual side of tooth So a window is cut in the band slightly smaller than the outline of the cavity So we make a Opening within the band It is slightly Smaller than the outline of the cavity. So wedges are placed in approximately Then the amalgam condensation will be done The last one is tinfoil matrix. It is used in again class 5 restoration for conventional GIC cement So tinfoil may be pre-shaped and cut according to the gingervel third of buckle and lingual surface of tooth to be restored Then band is adjusted So that it extends 1 to 2 mm circumferentially beyond the cavity margins So this can be adapted on the cavity by means of tweezer after placing GAC Then once the restoration sets the tinfoil Can be peeled away So that is all about matrix Various matrices So we have studied a lot of matrices But the most important ones are ivory number one ivory number eight and toffel mer and toffel mer is a Commonly asked question. So always draw a proper Neat diagram with labeling and explain about each part and its function And how to place it and how to Remove it. Okay. So hope you understood this concept of matrices. So I'll come up with a new topic in conservative industry. Thank you