 Recently I first Middle East, Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, so after my trip here I will fly to Washington DC to join the conference on Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Central Asia. So I would like to take this opportunity to share my view with you about China's role in Middle East. And if you are interested I can also talk about the Central Asia, Shanghai Corporation Organization, and AFPAC around 2014. And of course firstly I focus on Middle East and since the time is limited I think I focus on the recent relations between China and Middle East after the so-called Arab Spring. I never call this Arab Spring, I call it changing Middle East or something like that. And basically if you talk about political relations it's not really a very important influence about changing the government in Middle East and because China now keeps the relations with this new government, Libya, Yemen and Egypt with both Muslim brotherhood and the military leaders, almost no any change, but economically I think very many, very serious negative influence. Firstly to the trade, before the 2010 Chinese Middle East trade is basically the many contenders from China to Dubai, Dubai is the center to shift all the Chinese goods, something made in China to the all Middle East. But when the crisis broke out in early 2011, the expenses for transportation, expenses for insurance or increase, for example one container three years ago only from Shanghai to Dubai only 900 years ago, now 2600 years ago and also the insurance and also many business men don't want to send goods to the travel area, only now mainly from Dubai to the GCC country and the Chinese business men don't want to really do business with Libya, even with Egypt and the GCC country is ok, Saudi and Qatar and UAE but everything is expensive, this is increase and in the small city called the EU only 3 hours driver from Shanghai, there is 30,000 Middle East business men there, 10 masks and also small Jewish community, small India community but most is mostly 10 masks in small city and mainly for the trade it's the EU became the trade center, you can find everything made in China like this, like this, all these people send the container to Middle East, everything, so I was in Egypt in Israel, in Saudi, in Doha, you can see, you just go around the city, the market everything made in China, but now it's more difficult because some countries crisis, the business men don't know whether they can make money, so it became very careful about this and more serious, serious in fact, the influence is investment and in China, Chinese company invest a lot, lot in Middle East for construction, we were very surprised when the civil war broke out in Libya, we have to bring 36,000 Chinese back, I was surprised, even I'm specialist on Middle East, I think maybe we have more people in Algeria, now more people in Iraq and maybe Egypt and but I was surprised 36,000 Chinese in Libya, we don't have ships, we rent ships from the Greece, from the Mata, with the help we bring all these people back and Chinese freight in the Indian Ocean and to the piracy, go through the sea, go through the Swiss canal to Mediterranean Sea, it was the first time in the history of China, 500 years ago even Zhenghe just go around the Indian Ocean, never go to Mediterranean Sea, but when the Libya crisis Chinese Navy almost reached the Benghazi, because they want to bring our citizens back, so now also the most Chinese company still don't want to come back, new Libya government want to Chinese company come back, our ministry of commons organized delegation to do the investigation in Libya, finally the conclusion is it's not the time to back to Libya, they have to pay for their Chinese company's previous work, they don't pay for this, they work for several years, they didn't get the payment, so how we can come back, and Egypt some company has it, Iran of course some company left and only in the Saudi, in the GCC country, the Chinese investment is still going on and Iraq very interesting, more and more company come to Iraq for the oil, so I still remember 2003 when the George W. Bush began the war in Iraq, people in the street of the United States said no war for oil, but now you know after war no American company in Iraq, Chinese company got five big oil fields, but all the company don't want to go to the southern area, only go to Kurdish area, CNPC just got a project in the Kurdish area, only this northern Iraq is more safe, but now Chinese company I should say come back to Iraq, and Iraq I will talk later because the sanction, US sanction, so investments are mainly in many countries, the changing country stopped, stand still, but in the Saudi, in the GCC country continue, and of course in the Maghrib in the, not back to Tunisia, but very active in Algeria and Morocco, I think maybe we have more people in Algeria, so I think most influence, the negative influence economically, so now most Chinese company still waiting to see what happens in Egypt, in Tunisia, in Libya, and in Iraq, in Iran, and in Syria of course, in Syria we really don't have a lot of investment, I like Russia, we don't have investments, we only have 300 Chinese students, now they come back, we don't have military, navy base there, don't have the weapons selling business, security, I think also some influence, the China became more active in the diplomatic arena in the Middle East, since 2010, 2002 we first time appointed the special envoy for Middle East affairs, now it's Ambassador Wu, it's good friend of mine, he visits Middle East regularly to visit all the country, meet the leaders, and we have appointed in 2012 the special representative for Syria affairs, and we are now very active to join the Six States Negotiations with Iran, and US, Russia, UK, France, China, and Germany, and we have 10, we have 1,000 soldiers joining the UN peacekeeping forces in southern Lebanon, the most people don't know this, this is since 2006 the war in Lebanon, before that we already had 300, after that as a request of the EU, and also especially the France, they want to China send more soldiers, we send 700 more, so now it's 1,000, they're very successful to do the minesweep and the construction, and we also close the red line, usually before that we only send soldiers joining UN peacekeeping forces, but mainly the soldiers for medical and construction, but since 2000 I think we send three warships to join the anti-piracy, this is really fighting, not really for medical and construction, also recently very significant, so we send 300 soldiers to Mali, also as a request of the France, this is really fighting unit, not really for medical, and so I think the politically economically security, all this area, of course I will say a few words about the energy, and you know our trade, mainly with Middle East is oil and gas, oil gas basically not very serious insurance, and Middle East now almost 55 to 60% of China's import oil, Saudi is number one, almost 54 million tons, 54 million tons in 2012, always number one, and our lead village Saudi, the King Abdullah promise, if we reduce imports from Iran they will provide them, even double, no problem, and Iran used originally number two, now I think Russia became number two, Iran last year is 15 million tons, it's reduced, and I will talk about Iran, Iraq very interesting increase, number five is almost 10% of China import oil, and all other countries, all of Kuwait, but Qatar became number one in the natural gaze, but not by the pipeline, the NLG, the natural gaze, Qatar became number one, Algeria of course, natural gaze is very important, and China already began to invest in this area, for example we, our prime minister, former prime minister Wen Jiabao visited Saudi, signed agreement to build a refinery factory in the Yanbu, in the Riddlesy side, not in the Persian side, and so it seemed to me the energy cooperation mainly China now diverting to the GCC country, very careful about this changing country, or the troubled country, still have to waiting for them, so this is basically the changing Middle East, or crisis in Middle East, the influence over the China Middle East relations, then I first several hot, hot point, first Syria, Syria people always ask me why China vetoed three times with Russia, I think this is basically for, it's quite differences, Russia they really for interest, China I don't think we have really important interest in Syria, but our leader, the mainly for the principle, the principle is very strong opposed any foreign military intervention, and for us, the voting in for about Libya, we always think we make mistake, and NATO use these resolution bombing and kill Kazafi, but now Libya is the worst situation, it's weapons bazaar, and even kill the ambassador of the United States, this is really crazy, so for our leaders, for most scholars like me, so think we cannot let Syria become another Libya, so I think that of course China Russia work together to veto, but it's quite different, and now of course we're very active to support the Russian US joint proposal to destroy all the chemical weapons, we will join the Geneva peace conference, we hope all the parties can join the conference and find a peaceful political solution, about Iran, basically China have three principles, firstly we cannot accept it, Iran with nuclear weapons, the same to the international community, so that's the reason why we join six countries negotiation with Iran, secondly we're very strong opposed any military attack on Iran, this is what I said in United States in Israel, told my friend, I always told my experience in Iran, 2005 I pay a short visit to Iran, it was the first time for me to Iran, I visited the Jihilan, we visited Isfahan and Shala, of course we met many government officials, but we also met many young students, and I was told that Iran now 75 million people and now almost 40, more than 40 million were born after 1979 Islamic revolution, that means they are under the young, it's only a young 33 years old, 34 years old, and these people invited me to their home, they said I'm very happy, they said we need Irania, Deng Xiaoping, unfortunately we don't have Irania Deng Xiaoping, I said okay if you have I'm happy, they really want to reform, they want to country could be reform, could be go forward and people could be better, and I found a lot of things very old, all the car made in 1970s, all the building made very old, so I said you have all your guests where the money goes, they said we don't know maybe money goes to his blah or something like that, so I think this young generation is really very very good and I'm surprised to see they watch some western movie and like the western music, so I told my friend in the United States, Israel, and if you found them you bring this young generation to other sides, to radical Islam, to Osama bin Laden, so I think our principle is very strong opposed to any military action and the third one of course we try our best to protect the Chinese company's interests, that's very interesting, we joined the United Nations sanction, we support these, so we stop the business but we oppose the United States unilaterals, but now U.S. it seems to me they are trying to make this sanction as a domestic law, if it becomes a domestic law Chinese company should make the choice, if they have a business with both U.S. and Iran they should make decision if they want to keep business with U.S. they have to leave Iran that's the situation and like Huawei now left Iran because they want to keep the business with U.S. also the sanction against the banking system so many business you cannot do, cannot do, so basically we support the United Nations, we don't support the United States unilateralization but the company have to make a decision, some companies have to leave Iran but you know the basic differences between Iran and North Korea, is North Korea said that we want to nuclear weapons, Iran never said that, they said only for peaceful use, so we have same problem with Iran and with North Korea, yeah we also join this economic sanction in North Korea so we stop the banking cooperation with North Korea so that's the situation so we now still hope the six states Iran's talk could be find a peaceful solution so we're very happy to see the new president Rohani he met the president Xi Jinping in September 13th in Bishkek, Shanghai Corporation Summit and as I know he promised he will do his best to find a peaceful solution and also he talked to President Obama by telephone and the new foreign minister also trying to find a way so we still hope you know we can find a peaceful solution, no war and Egypt, we basically hope the Egyptian Egypt could be peaceful stable in fact in the early 2011 my friend Islo send a message to China U.S said whether we can work together to try to keep Huzni Mobilec China said yes we would do this because the president mobilec is all the friend of several generation of Chinese leader from Mao to Xi so at that time to who and but U.S policy change every day in the morning and they said mobilec is not dictate in the noon time some people said mobilec it's better for mobilec to stay in the power until September but in the evening president Obama said president mobilec should gone go now something like that so if U.S. change a policy every day China Russia Europe can do nothing so then when the new president came to power he visited China we try to keep good relations with a Muslim brotherhood before that we didn't have any connection with Muslim brotherhood because this is international underground organization we don't have any connection with Hamas but we have good relations with Turkey and Sudan you know the party in the power in Turkey and Sudan it's Muslim brotherhood so with government of course we keep good relations but with the party with a group we we very careful because they are do at the ground something wrong then the military leader came to power we still don't call the coup call this coup and we supported this new government trying their best to keep the stability we want to keep good relations with this leadership so now the just recently I think we had some the top leaders talk we will do our best to support Egyptian people Egyptian government to control the situation to develop economy to keep the peaceful solution to keep keep the peaceful agreement with Israel and so all this is very important for the security of Middle East finally a few words about China-Israeli relations China-Turkish relations because this is all talk about Arab country and Iran and China-Israeli relations it's basically it's very good and because we have traditional friendship and my city Shanghai will it was the only city opened the door for the Holocaust victims even United States closed the door so the Jewish people never forget this and also we walk together in anti-terrorism area it's I should say very frankly we learned a lot from our Israeli friends during Beijing Olympic and Shanghai World Expo they give us something very important suggesting we accept it we now do this and it's very important for China for security of China and the only program between China Israel is the United States still have veto power on the military and high-tech trade and Israeli really want to sell something to China but they have to get permission from the United States if this is military and high-tech I think this is the only obstacle between China and Israel but we understand the situation of Israeli facing and with Turkey's very interesting things you know in China we have eastern Turkish separatist movement and among them several groups is really terrorist and the eastern Turkish movement basically they are based in Turkey and in Munich in Germany and in Turkey but Turkish government guarantee they will not allow any the group do the anti-Chinese activity in Turkish territory but something if something happens it'll be very dangerous for example in the July 5th 2009 in Xinjiang Urumqi there is some riot the next day the prime minister Erdogan said yesterday in China genocide in fact he didn't know what happened so then the Chinese media is very strong response the documentary in the TV said who did the genocide then the documentary about how Ottoman Empire killed one and a half million Armenians and Kurdish or something like that but finally both sides find some misunderstanding so three months later the prime minister Erdogan sent his representative to China said apologize because he said we didn't know the 200 people were killed only two is mostly most Chinese Han people but after that every people surprised the China-Turkish military cooperation is developed so fast you know the 2010 China-Turkish is a joint military exercise by the Air Force Chinese plan to land in Turkish territory so NATO is very very nervous about this and recently turkish decided to buy Chinese missile now very strong pressure I don't think this business could be successful because the United States every people come but maybe Turkey just want to better price so I don't know so so this is China-Turkey relations basically now is very good but if something happens in China maybe yeah because we have 20 million muslim largest is white people speak mandarin and four is turkish speaking one is Persian speaking Tajik is Persian speaking four is turkish speaking Uygur Kassak Kyrgyz Uzbek and the most most of them is 100% Sunni very moderate but the recently yes especially after 9-11 after Taliban came to power in Afghanistan some radical people want to find the opportunity among them so the small group now the base in mountain area between Afghanistan Pakistan they want to do some the jihad or something like that so turkish people turkish government understand this so they never support this so this is a very complicated relations between China and Turkey I think I should stop here to keep more time for questions thank you very much thank you very much