 Mislim, da je dobro. Beliš, da je dobro. Dobro za vsem. Vsem Brigida Blasi. Čakaj, Prof. Sankassani, za svoje zelo, in zelo. Vsem zelo, da je tukaj, in je pravda, da sem tukaj, da sem tukaj, da sem tukaj, da sem tukaj, da sem tukaj, da sem tuk 온ô Equity Milano. Shall I be? To njih ho據, dakle pro svojo trenvana s Prof. Sankassani. Vse cestimi bookletni po koje potroju vrdi shellom. Dakle, da sem nakoro iztenimi vsi restauranti in reserci呼zi in Italij. Teng ​​ispa, hgive in degrej za dej razvelji. Vем dej se neko prej počodi, asi delaj and teaching research, including technology transfer. This is the departure point for our work. So, in the agency mission, all the elements of the university of the academic world are there. We have research evaluations, side-by-side with teaching evaluation, and also third mission evaluation, the administration, the management evaluation. In ki se vsega vsega način, dar nisem pravama vsega nekajte. Pravaj je, da da je tega všakva pravam, kako je vse več všeč všakva. Način svoj čalel je, nekako vsega in in vseg vsega in vseg vseg. Ne zelo vsega vsega in vseg, bo je zelo vsega však vladačne. Zelo, da tega vsela je vsega, da vsega vsega bo, da je vsega za sezit, tako, da se bo izgleda inpak. ... pa ponudno, je to pomečno, da sezite, kot in, da sezite, da sezite inak je. Vse možemo predpnevati nas v today in v tudi predstavne vsega vsega inga. I tako dajte to vsega in vsega in v nekaj dajte vsega in vsega vsega. The most important thing for me to say today in this venue is that I would like to share some brief ideas, some opening ideas, about the relationship between university and society and the different models of innovation and the emerging idea of open science. This may be the sister of open education. Let's start from the model of innovation. In 1995, Henry Eskovitz, one of the most famous scholars in innovation studies, theorized the presence of triple elix. That is to say that academia together with industry and government created together by their interaction what we call innovation. So there was a circulation flow of things of people and information and products, technologies that was around, that went around academia, government and industry. And the role of the academia was to train human resources and to produce scientific knowledge and develop technologies for application basically. And to make them available to society. So society was the main target and it was quite passive in this process. Together with this idea of triple elix, also the idea of mode 2 of science, of knowledge production arise. And the idea is that there is no longer a notion of science, that is a fundamental research organized into disciplines, but rather multidisciplinary teams that work together to solve specific real world problems. This is undoubtedly a progress in this sense, but still the model is very linear in the sense that universities produce basic research, curiosity driven research, so completely detached from the real world. And there are subjects that are in charge of the application. So at the border, at the boundary of the university, what Gibbons called university related institutions, for example technology transfer offices or science incubators. And at the end of the process, there was the firm that bought the product, the technology and used it and applied to what we call the real world. So strict boundaries and linearity. But that model was a huge success. Henry X Kovitsi is one of the most important reference for those who study innovation. Recently the model has been strongly revised. For example, just to give you a hint on this, we have a study of 2009 by Karajanis and Campbell that is on quadruple elix and mode three of science. Here some new elements are added. And also because an idea of media based democracy emerges. So the elix becomes from triple to quadruple. The mode from mode two it becomes, we enter in mode three of science. What does it mean? A multilayered, multimodal, multinodal and multilateral system where complex network configurations are there. So the linearity of the first models give the way to more complex models that are no longer linear and implies more than one, more than three elices. And what just Henry X Kovits called the Annupel of elices. As you can see in 2012, the elix becomes even quintuple. So the basic idea is that there are integrating and differentiating forces that interacts together in the scientific world. What about academia? What about the role that university has in society? What is the relationship that this social actor has with the rest of society? In the mode two paradigm, the university was seen as articulated in three basic missions. Teaching on one side, research on the other side. The management of the university was at the very core of the institution. And then you have third mission activities. Something more peripheral, with a strong boundary between, in respect, in relation to the other missions, and with a strong reference with the outside world. Something that were more dealt with external actors. But as Goddard in this beautiful book, the Civic University teaches us, a set of drivers are paving the way to a completely new model of universities. We are in challenging times, and we have just said, we have just told it. So the digital transformation, globalization, climate change, political devolution, the aging of the population and other social factors, the emerging values, different values that are emerging, such as individualism, are completely transforming the role of the university in the present world. And the university, the missions of the university become functions of the university that are completely integrated among them. So teaching and research together with engagement, no longer a third mission, an alter mission, but rather something very embedded in the university world. And some intersection between the functions allow the university to generate something new in the world, to really impact on it, to transform it, to response to societal challenges. And civil society is no longer a passive subject, but really ask something to the university in the present world. And as you can see, it is from the below part, the engagement. It is from the society that some inputs go to teaching and research. You can see in the spheres that cross the soft boundary of the new civic university. This is the precondition for democracy, according to Grega Kallun, Thesis 11. So what about a third mission? In the very first models, it was another pillar. And it was based on a one-way process of transfer, of knowledge, of technology from the university to society. Then the idea evolved in something like an exchange, so a two-way process. And now the present debate is more focused on co-production and co-creation. This is a picture that I really appreciated from Coventry University, that is focused on the case of the healthcare research. Here you can see that there is no longer space for linearity. Interactions are everywhere. And policies, government, what it's called government, as well as the private sector commissioning, as well as the patients that have to benefits from cures, from therapies. And there are needs that become the starting point of the research design. So all of this creates a real social impact that is clearly difficult to be measured. A last trend of change I would like to analyze with you briefly today. The trend of open science. A strong debate also on this topic, not judgment about this, but, for example, plus make this kind of modelization. Horizon 2020 gives us this word cloud about words open science. This is a representation of the different stages where open can enter the research lifecycle. As you can see, as your conference bags say today, we never close. University is open 24-7. So open science can be part of the concept at the early stage of idea and proposal can be among the toolkit of the scientists with open notebook, open data, open source, open codes. Can be the publication channel based on openness, with green and gold open access. And also the review process can be characterized by openness. And then also education and training can be based, as you teach me, on openness with open education resources. And also engagement, what we call engagement, it can be really something open to citizen, if we think about citizen sciences experiences, for example. So let me wrap it up very briefly. Let me be back to my planet in the huge galaxy of science and education. What Amvor is trying to do in those years is, as I told you, first of all, to define what third mission is. And the first thing we have learned is that third mission is much more than technology transfer. And that probably the third mission is not a third one. We, from the very beginning, we intended it as the openness of the university towards the socio-economic context through the valorization and transfer of knowledge. And this is something not only related to technology, but that also encompasses social and cultural benefits. What we call the production of public goods. How to measure, how to define it for us is the very big challenge. We have tried to do it in different experiences and I will give you some hints about it. In the first research assessment exercise we evaluated third mission just basing on simple metrics based on countings. So number of spin-off companies, for example. So the classical technological transfer metrics. But still there we introduced cultural activities indicators and also public engagement indicators to enrich the vision and the photography of the university. Recently, in the last years especially, we are trying to broaden furtherly this concept also to include something that really allow us to capture what kind of dialogue the university has with the society around. And for example, we have introduced patient empowerment initiatives in healthcare research and open education initiatives. For example, massive open online courses. And also citizen science initiatives. Just to tell you that we are doing few steps forward in this direction. Here some further readings, but really thank you for this occasion to share with you this road of ours. And I really hope that the progress in this direction of knowledge transfer, but especially knowledge mobilization will improve also thanks to your inputs. And enjoy this prestigious conference and good work. Thank you.