 who is representing ISOA. Suzanne, thanks so much for joining us and tell us a little bit about what ISOA is. So ISOA is a member organization. It is the Europe, Middle East and Africa organization of satellite operators. And our organization includes 21 satellite operators, as well as manufacturers and insurance brokers and including members of the regional and national satellite organizations, NIGECOMSAT is a member, RASCOMSAT is a member. So you've recently joined ITU's development sector. Tell us why you thought that was a good fit for the organization. Well, it's very important because the de-sector members are very much in their sort of focus of who they are trying to pull together and to help be a catalyst for in terms of advancing development. That's very much our market. So satellites have a reach into all areas of the globe. Their coverage by nature is global. And so that that's very much our target audience. And so we're very excited to have been able to join and become part of that conversation. You talk about the role of satellites. Do you see that changing in the future evolving? To date, we've had a strong role in the markets that the de-sector is focused on, but we're expecting a lot of growth in the future and that will change the way we're able to address these markets. We're already in these markets in terms of providing broadband connectivity, either where the services of terrestrial infrastructure don't reach or in the service of complimenting terrestrial infrastructure and supporting it. Sometimes providing direct services to end users, but also as backhaul. So backhaul to the networks that reach folks on their mobile phones. There are a lot of areas that we expect to see expansion in in the future. Mobility is one. I think you'll now see more services on airplanes. Well, many of those services, whether you'd like to be connected on airplanes or not, many of those services are provided by satellites. That's a big growth sector. The maritime sector. And so here in the Bahamas and in islands, like the Bahamas, in islands in the Pacific, maritime can be very important. So that sector is a sector that satellites are perfect for in terms of their global reach. There's a lot of innovation coming and flat panel antennas are going to make installation of satellite equipment very much easier on planes, on boats, but also on other types of mobility applications. So we have an exciting future and we hope to share those innovations with the de-sector so that those markets understand what the possibilities are for satellite and they don't forget about the role that satellite is already playing in their infrastructure, in their digital infrastructure. So how's it been for you here at GSR 17? There are about 400 participants here, people from more than 80 countries around the world. How has it been? What's been your biggest takeaway so far? The biggest takeaway is, again, as new members, what a great platform this is to understand what are the right now needs of these markets and they can be from the very basic to how do I get your particular type of services to the more remote or the underserved portions of our market to very cutting edge things such as cybersecurity, which once you get the networks out, there's still very real issues, economic issues about how you fund infrastructure but then cybersecurity's a very, very detailed, technical issues and so the benefit of de-sector for the members and for us in understanding what problems we want to help our customers solve. That's what we're, that's the biggest takeaway. This is a very good platform for ISOA. Okay, so there are one of the best practice guidelines that are under discussion here at GSR is incentives that regulators and policymakers can put forward for affordable digital services. How are you all, how do you see that challenge? Affordability is about what it costs to bring the service into the country or barriers to entry. And so competition is really important. All of us operators are strong competitors in the market but we do understand that for the customers, for the nations in which our services operate, they're going to get the best service when they're fostering competition. And so this is as between members of a particular sector and as between different ways of delivering connectivity. So the more open the markets can be with respect to that, the more technology neutral. We think that fosters our service and digital inclusion in general. Other things that have been barriers to entry that are important to remove if markets are to get the full benefits of satellite services would be fees. Licensing fees can be calibrated in different ways, calculated in different ways. And one of the ways that we think works best is if they are cost-based. When they are not strictly linked to the costs that governments incur in terms of resources for allowing the service in, when there's a disconnect, then the cost of bringing in a service or starting at the barriers of entry can be high if the fees are so high that they really don't bear a relation to really what it costs you to try to manage that service. Another issue that we've had is that we're talking about innovation we're talking about with any telecom service bringing equipment into the country. It can be very difficult to bring that in if there's a disproportionate cost to importing equipment. So if you have a cost of importation that's equal to or greater than the cost of the equipment, obviously that's going to be a barrier to having a service take hold or even begin in the first place. It's not unique to the satellite sector but it is definitely one of our concerns. So have you had an opportunity to speak with operators and other people in the industry here at the conference? How have they been responding to your inclusion into ITU? Well, I am hoping that they're excited about it. So it wants to be able to describe the whole array of services that our members can offer. Some countries focus more on what is very, very immediate which is how to get mobile phones into folks' hands but that gets there by a variety of means and the support that satellite provides indirectly to mobile to that end user service by their services to mobile network operators or even directly to internet service providers. That's something that we are able to help communicate on behalf of all of our members. Each member has a slightly different project and a product and a slightly different approach to the market but we are able to explain how our membership is part of the infrastructure that gets all digital services out to markets that are here in attendance at the D sector. So for example, we've talked here about digital financial inclusion, just basically banking and the many ways that you can facilitate banking in cities and then in remote areas using satellite services. So just an example. Great, well, I hope you enjoyed the rest of the symposium here. We're chatting with Suzanne Maloy representing it. So thanks so much for joining us. Thank you.