 Spatial stratified heterogeneity, SSH, is a ubiquitous phenomenon in which geographical attributes within strata are more similar than between strata, and it can be analyzed using various stratification methods such as univariate, cluster-based, multi-criteria and supervised stratification. However, selecting the best method for specific domains without prior knowledge is challenging, and a systematic review of all stratification methods is still lacking. Further studies are needed to integrate SSH with advanced algorithms and interdisciplinary methods to reveal the nature of geographical attributes. This article was authored by Jin Gangguo, Jin Fengwang, Cheng Dongshu, and others.