 this study examined the effects of neonocotinoids on the gene expression of bombosympatiens larvae. The researchers found that larval exposure to neonocotinoids resulted in differentially expressed genes across multiple biological functions, including mitochondria, development, and DNA replication. Additionally, they observed differences between the effects of low and high dosages of neonocotinoids. This suggests that even low dosages of neonocotinoids could have significant negative effects on the health of bumblebee larvae. This article was authored by Ruben Martin Blasquez, Austin C. Calhoun, Ben M. Sad, and others.