 Ευχαριστούμε όλοι, ευχαριστούμε πολύ για την επόμενη. Ευχαριστούμε πολύ για την επόμενη. Είμαι Πέτρος, έρχομαι από Κέμβρης University. Το μόνο μου name είναι Χάντζι Παλόγλου, although I have no high expectations. Στην day will be the church formation of Sicily in the relationship with the Neolithic church artefacts from Malta. These will have three parts, the Neolithic conduct of Malta, the church formation of Sicily, and a petrological comparison between the Sicilian church and the Maltese artefacts. Starting from Malta is actually a group of islands, which lies in the middle of Mediterranean Sea, as you can see in this map. During the late Neolithic, large scale monuments, known also as stone temples, were built. Here is a picture of the islands, which shows the current cities and the main archaeological sites found. Excellent example of which you can see in these following pictures. First is Emnidra, found on Malta, and second, Cicantia Temple, which is located on Gozo, and possibly it's the most famous site of all. The archaeological research so far has found important church assemblages in the sites of different size, shape and style, and most of them are made from local material, example of which you can observe in these three pictures. However, many artefacts were made of non-local church and they are described as exotic and basically of a known source. Example of these artefacts and the different types of exotic material you can see in these pictures. And there was a theory which suggests that a Sicilian origin of this church was based on three main factors. The proximity of Sicily with Malta, the known church outposts located on the island and the Neolithic activity and generally the prehistoric activity recorded on Sicily and was part of my research to test this theory. Regarding Sicily, a picture of which you can see now and for those who still doesn't know where it is, it's in the middle of Mediterranean Sea, below the Italian peninsula and above the coastline of North Africa. In terms of geology, generally Sicily is composed, is consist of centimetary rock mainly, but all the four different types of rock material have been recorded on the island. The factor that complicates things is the age when you have rock formation from paleozoic until cutternary and we actually have, if you consider in plain numbers, we have a history of 400 million years, you can have an idea of what this could do to the diversity of the different material and rock formation we could found. In my research on the island, I focused on two main locations. The first was South of Sicily for two main reasons. The first one was that it was there that a lot of prehistoric and Neolithic sites have been reported and the second has been reported and it was possible that there was a connection between this region and Malta and from where the exotic material was important on these islands. And the second was that it is a location that presents most of the church formation reported generally on the island so it will be a very useful location to start of. On this map you have with the red dark dots the location I sample on this region and I start from Monte Tabuto, pictures of the area you can see here. The top left is possibly a prehistoric mining structure. The people from the region suggest that, I have no proof but I don't have any other argument to not believe them. And the other three pictures are from the type of church outcomes located on this area. Then I move north and close to Monte Rosso Almo city which is known for the limestone that they are intercalated with extensive church outcomes and this is a picture of a quarry not active currently that has grey and black church of important amount actually. But also, church outcomes can be located along the roads that connects the city with the whole of Sicily and they have different type, shape, size and color. And the last location I visited in this area was I think was the province of Monte Yudica and especially on Monte Santo and close to Ballona river where I located the oldest set formation report on the island an example but the importance of this location is shown in these two pictures. On the left we have an impressive sequence of red church material which could exceed the 10 meters high and on the right we have black bedded church intercalating a limestone which length could exceed the 20 meters which is really amazing for me at least. And my second location was West Sicily for one reason basically because in terms of archeology it wasn't suggested as a location because it's there that you find two specific set outcomes that you cannot locate anywhere in the island or at least in this good condition. Example of the material I found you can observe in these four pictures and I want to take special note on the bottom left picture where you have this orange shade church material and it is something I have never found in my work on Sicily similar out-rope elsewhere. And now moving to my third part and where I need your patience is the pathological comparison which is based on two main axes first one is the macroscopic examination which I use as a guide to connect artifacts with rock source and second is geochemistry which I use to prove if this link between rock and source is actually existing and I use and I do that by using major elements to examine the type of depositional environment and sediments of the rock trace elements to examine the level of oxygen during the position and rare earth elements which adjust how rich in material were the inputs during the deposition. The main principle is that it's highly unlikely different set outcropes to have similar features like this and for this presentation I have chosen to show three examples the first is these red fragments and tips of artifacts and compare them with the red radiolarian I found this out this Sicily and I start using iron, titanium and aluminium in a specific model which as you can see my artifacts are not located in the same environment as my chart from Sicily but also in another diagram that examine the type of sediments I see again that there are no connections between the Sicilian chart and these artifacts in this diagram which examine the level of oxygen make things a bit more complex and make you think further that we have a match between one Sicilian sample and two of our artifacts while the other artifacts have completed different levels of oxygen during their creation this model also is we use the concentration of vanadium, nickel, uranium and thorium and on the last model I use I see in simple terms that my Sicilian chart are more enriched on the first group of these elements which is on the left and depleted on the second group on the right while my artifacts present exactly the opposite concentrations moving to my second example where I use black flakes and compare them with different black outcrops from Sicily and using the same process again I see now that three of my samples from Sicily are from the similar environment as my two artifacts the same situation applies on the second diagram on the type of sediments a small difference are recorded on the level of oxygen which means we need further concentration but still I have one artifact that matches with one of my Sicilian chart and the rare earth pattern I could say, considering all the rest that the west Sicilian chart is not compatible with these artifacts the artifacts themselves have very similarities and some of the Sicilian chart have a similar pattern plus similar concentrations which is very strong indication of compatibility and finally I use these two artifacts you see on this picture on the top left and compare them with only west Sicilian chart outcrops and of course I include the orange I found on west Sicily which I couldn't find elsewhere and I start and I see that surprisingly both of the artifacts are in the same environment as the orange chart the same is the situation on the type of sediments and actually if you consider these two diagrams one of the two artifacts is almost exactly plotted in the same position as by said outcrop I have one more match in this model 2 where you see my two artifacts are plotted in the same region as my orange chart and finally you see that we have almost a perfect match of the orange chart outcrops with these two artifacts there are some small variabilities and concentrations but this is acceptable for many reasons which I could explain later the purple chart I use the second chart from east Sicily has a similar pattern but the problem is that is highly depleted in concentrations so we need further research on that and to sum up I have to say that the red artifacts from Malta are not related with the radialarian formation of east Sicily the black chart artifacts are possibly related with the east Sicilian black charts and highly likely with the Monte Rosso-Almo formations the purple chart must be related with west Sicilian chart just not with the orange one the purple one sorry and finally I could say with great certainty that the orange chart artifact is originated from the orange chart outcrops of west Sicily before the end I would like to thank Cambridge University, the Fragus Project and Heritage of Malta for allowing to do this research and finally I thank all of you for participating, surviving and being here thank you very much