 Hello! This short video discusses some selected phenomena associated with phonology and morphology. The practical is part of the unit, language and linguistics. Here is your first problem. Consider these three sets. There's something strange with them and the question arises, can there be words of present-day English? Clearly the first three items are all ungrammatical. They violate the phonological or the sound conventions of present-day English and thus the orthographical, the spelling ones too. There are no syllable initial sound clusters such as n-b-k-z and f-z in present-day English. Fresh, gruffer and plicky by contrast could all be items of the present-day English vocabulary but they're not. Phonologically and orthographically there's nothing wrong with them. In the third set we have night and night, spelled differently but pronounced identically. There are homophones that is words with identical pronunciation but different orthography. Lead and the second item lead by contrast are homographs. That is, there are words with identical orthography but different pronunciation. Here's a morphological phenomenon. Look at these two sets of present-day English words and make up your minds what is going on here. Well the pairs show and showed and go and goad show that the past tense rule verb plus ed has been overgeneralized leading to the ungrammatical form goad. Actually children come up with such forms at the stage when they consider the basic inflection rules exceptionless. In the pairs unavailable and impossible we can see that the prefix un or in respectively cannot be used the other way round. Inavailable and impossible are words that do not exist in present-day English.