 A very good evening aspirants welcome to the hindi news analysis brought to you by Shankar Ice Academy and today we are going to cover news articles from yesterday's newspaper and for today we have taken news articles from the the Hindu website. I have chosen four important articles that is relevant for our examination so without wasting much time let us get to the discussion now. So viewers today we are going to start our discussion with this news article that appeared in yesterday's newspaper. This article talks about the release of an important report called as the India State of Forest report 2021. See this report provides us several findings regarding Indian forest, it provides us findings like forest cover in each state, tree cover in each state, then mangrove cover, it talks about carbon stocks etc. But we cannot cover all these findings in a single discussion so today we are only going to cover findings related to forest cover, mangrove cover and carbon stocks. So without wasting much time let us get to the discussion. Before that the syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. See first note that this report that is India State of Forest report 2021 is released by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change particularly it is prepared by the Forest Service of India as you know this Forest Service of India is an organization of the Ministry of Environment only and this report is a biennial publication that is it is released every two years and that is why this report is very important from the problems and main perspective. Now this report was first released in 1987 that means this 2021 report is the 17th report in this series. So now let us get to the findings of this 2021 report. Now the first finding we are going to see is about the forest cover data of our country. So to know that data we first need to understand what do you mean by forest cover. The forest cover includes all lands that are more than 1 hectare in area along with this it includes the lands that have a tree canopy density more than 10 percentage. See when you say canopy we refer to the crown of the tree and how dense is the tree canopy. Now this forest cover definition does not make any distinction between the origin of tree crops or tree species that is it is not classified whether it is manmade or natural therefore this definition includes all types of land irrespective of their ownership land use and legal status. But you should note that based on the density of tree canopy the forest lands are classified they are classified into five types they are the very dense forest moderately dense forest open forest scrub and non forest. As you can see in this image you can see that in the very dense forest type the tree canopy density is high it is closely packed but if you take moderately dense forest it is comparatively lower than the very dense forest and then in the open forest it is much lower and you can see in the scrub land it is meagrely scattered but according to the definition if you see when the tree canopy density is 70 percentage and above it constitutes very dense forest when it is more than 40 percentage but less than 70 percentage it will be moderately dense forest and then when it is more than 10 percentage but within 40 percentage then it will be open forest and for scrub type it should be less than 10 percentage. So now what is the finding regarding the forest and tree cover? See in the 2021 report it was estimated that around 80.9 million hectares are under the total forest and tree cover and this accounts for around 24.62 percentage of the total geographical area of our country so that means around 25 percentage of geographical area of our country has forest and tree cover and it also found that in the last two years the total forest and tree cover of the country has increased by 2261 square kilometers but still this 25 percentage is less than the target set by the government under national forest policy of 1988. See under this policy government of India envisaged a goal of achieving 33 percentage of the geographical area of the country as being under forest and tree cover but we are still in the 25 percentage category and we have not achieved this goal yet. So now what about the forest cover in each type of forest land? According to this 2021 report open forest type constitutes the highest forest cover in India as you can see in this representation. Then what about forest cover in each and every state and unit territory? See in this map we can see the forest cover in each and every state and unit territory and we can see that in the north unit territory of Jammu and Kashmir then Himachal Pradesh Uttarakhand they comparatively have good forest cover then north east states have good forest cover and similarly the central India and even the east in India has comparatively good forest cover and in the south Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala they have comparatively good forest cover based on this map. Now what about based on the data? See if you look at the actual data it could be found that Madhya Pradesh has the largest forest cover in the country. Next comes the Anochal Pradesh then Chhattisgarh then Odisha and then Maharashtra. You can see that Madhya Pradesh has a total forest cover of 77,493 hectares. This is 25 percentage of its total geographical area. But now what about the total forest cover with respect to the total geographical area? Here you can see that Mizoram has the highest forest cover compared to its total geographical area. This can be almost seen in all the northeastern states like in Nagaland, Anochal Pradesh etc. So the report has concluded that the highest percentage of forest cover with respect to the total geographical area of the state is highest in the northeastern states and particularly among those northeastern states Mizoram is at the top. It is followed by Anochal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur and Nagaland. So remember when we talk about the state having largest forest cover in our country then it will be Madhya Pradesh. Here we are only talking about the total area of land under forest cover. But when we talk about the percentage of forest cover with respect to total geographical area of the state then in that list Mizoram is at the top. Now apart from providing this data the report also provides data on the changes in forest cover between 2019 and 2021. And it could be found that the maximum increase in forest cover is witnessed in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Odisha. And there are also states which has shown maximum decrease in forest cover and this includes again the northeastern states. It includes the states of Anochal Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland and Mizoram. So we can see that even though Mizoram has the highest percentage of forest cover with respect to its total geographical area it is still witnessing decrease in its forest cover. Apart from this the report also found that around 17 states and union territories they have above 33 percentage of the geographical area under forest cover. So we can at least proudly say that these 17 states and union territories have achieved the target set under the national forest policy of 1988. So these were the findings that you should remember regarding the forest cover in our country. Now let us see about the second important finding of this report. The second important finding is with respect to carbon stocks. So what is a carbon stock? It is the amount of carbon that has been sequestered from the atmosphere. And now this carbon is stored within the forest ecosystem and it is mainly stored within living biomass and soil and even it is stored in dead wood and later to a lesser extent. Now why we talk about carbon stock? See when you have more carbon stock it means that the forest capacity to absorb and sequester carbon dioxide is higher. And that is why we talk about carbon stock. We have discussed about carbon stock and carbon cycle in detail on our 8th January 2022 Hindi News Analysis. So those who want to know more about carbon stock can view that analysis. So now what the India State of Forest report says about this carbon stock? According to this report the total carbon stock in our country's forest is estimated to be 7204 million tons. And if you compare this with 2019 assessment then there is an increase of about 79 million tons. And here you should also note that during the 2011 assessment the carbon stock was just 6663 million tons and now in 2021 it is in the 7000 range. So we can see that over the last five biennial assessments there is an increasing trend in the carbon stock of our country's forest. So this is an important finding of this report that is quite important from the prince perspective because normally we get statements based on the increasing and decreasing trends. So remember that the carbon stock of our country's forest has been increasing in the last five biennial assessments that is in the last 10 years. And here you can see the amount of carbon stock in each forest ecosystem. It is highest in the soil. Now which state has the highest carbon stock? It is the state of Arunachal Pradesh again. It has the maximum carbon stocks. Then comes Madhya Pradesh, Chathisgarh and Maharashtra. So here also we have Arunachal Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh at the top. But on the other hand if you take the per-hectare carbon stock among different states and union territories then the maximum contribution is made by Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Andaman and Iqobar islands. And among these highest contribution is made by Jammu and Kashmir union territory. And we also have data based on the different forest types according to the 2021 report. SOC that is soil organic carbon is the largest pool of forest carbon. It accounts for around 55.67 percentage. Then comes the above ground biomass which is around 32.2 percentage. And third one is below ground biomass. So here you can see that the very dense forest type has the maximum carbon stocks in all the carbon pools like it has the maximum in above ground biomass, below ground biomass, dead wood etc. So these are the findings that we need to know regarding carbon stock. The next important finding we are going to see is about the mangrove cover. As you know mangroves are salt tolerant plant communities. They are found in tropical and subtropical intertidal regions of the world. And in our country also we have a comparatively good amount of mangrove cover. Therefore the Forest Survey of India has been estimating the mangrove cover since 1987. And most importantly Sundarbans is located partially in India in the northern bay of Bengal. And we know that this is the world's largest single patch of mangrove forest. Now this mangrove cover is also categorized. It is categorized as very dense forest, moderately dense forest and open forest in this India state of forest report. And according to the 2020 report the total mangrove cover in our country is 4992 square kilometers that is around 5000 square kilometers. And there is an increase by 17 square kilometers. So from this table we can see that Odisha and Maharashtra at the two states which has shown significant gain in mangrove cover. So note this point it is quite important. And the report also notes why there is an increase in mangrove cover in these states. Now in Odisha the reason for increase is due to the natural regeneration and it is also due to the plantation activities in suitable lands. So these has increased the total mangrove cover in Odisha and in Maharashtra the increase is mainly due to natural regeneration according to the report. So we can say that compared to last assessment there is an increase in mangrove cover in our country. So these are the important findings that we have learned today from this India state of forest report of 2021. Let us recall what we saw. We first saw that around 25 percentage of geographical area of our country has forest and tree cover. Then we saw that in the last two years that is compared to the last assessment. There is an increase in the total forest and tree cover. But we also saw that we did not achieve the target set by the government under national forest policy of 1988. That is we did not achieve the 33 percentage target. And among the type of forest lands the open forest type constitutes the highest forest cover in India. And among these states Madhya Pradesh has the largest forest cover. But if you take the highest percentage of forest cover with respect to total geographical area then the north eastern states are at the top. And among these states Mizoram has the highest percentage. And we also saw that the maximum increase in forest cover is witnessed in Andhra Pradesh. But the maximum decrease in forest cover was pronounced in Arunachal Pradesh. And we also saw that in 17 states and union territories we have above 33 percentage of geographical area that are under forest cover according to this report. And then regarding the forest stock we saw that there is an increase of forest stock in our country compared to the last assessment. And this increase can be witnessed for the last five biennial assessments. So we can say that for the last 10 years there is an increasing trend in the carbon stock of our country's forest. And then we saw that among the states Arunachal Pradesh has the maximum carbon stocks. And if you take the per hectare carbon stock then the maximum contribution is made by the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. And among the type of forest lands the very dense forest has the maximum carbon stocks. Then we saw about the mangrove cover. We saw that there is an increase in the mangrove cover in our country. And among the states Odisha and Maharashtra has shown significant gain in mangrove cover. These were the important findings which we saw today. Now remember that I have also given the tables that consist data regarding other states. So you can view data regarding your state and you can compare it with the state that has stopped the list. These comparisons will help you to write an enriched answer in your main sensor writing. And the facts which we saw will be helpful for you in your problems examination. So with these points in mind let us get to the next discussion. Now our second discussion is going to be based on this news article. I have taken this article from the Hindu website because there is no addition today. And this news article talks about the goat headed yogini. As you can see in this image. See this goat headed yogini is an Indian idol that dates back to 10th century. And this idol went missing from a village in Uttar Pradesh 40 years ago. And now the news is that this idol has been discovered from a garden in England. And therefore now England has returned this idol to India on the occasion of Magarsankranti. So this is the crux of the news article. Now based on this today we are going to discuss about the yogini cult and some of the important yogini temples in India and their location. So first what do we mean by a cult? See cult is a system of religious worship and devotion that is directed towards a particular figure or object. So that means this yogini cult was based on yoginis. So who are these yoginis? They are a group of powerful female divinities. And these female divinities they are associated with the tantric mode of worship. So what do you mean by tantric mode of worship? See it uses yogic and ritual means and also utilizes magical ability. It is thought that this tantric mode is a method of conquering exceptional powers and realizing oneness. Now these yoginis are worshiped as a group and this group is what is known as yogini cult. Now these yoginis are often 64 and they are believed to possess infinite powers. So that means there are 64 yoginis and basically they are the mother goddesses. And even the imminent modern scholars they believe that yoginis were originally women or priestesses and they possessed the spirit of goddesses and then they became yoginis. Now out of these 64 yoginis there are seven or eight principal yoginis and these are the ones who are called as mother goddesses and this includes Brahmani, Maheshwari, Vaishnavi, Kaumari, Varabi, Indrani and Chamundi. So you would have heard these names. So remember that they are called as yoginis. And now these yoginis they find mention in different puranas. For example they find mention in Kalika Puranas, Kanda Purana, Bihar Nandikeshwara Purana, Santsadha Yogini Namavali. They are also mentioned in Chandipurana of Sarala Das and they are also mentioned in the Vata Apakasha which is written by Sri Balaram Das and they are also mentioned in Varkindriya Purana, Mahabhagavata Purana etc. So just remember these names they are mentioned in these Puranas and important books. Now let us come to the temples that are associated with these yoginis. See basically all these temples are called as Chansat Yogini Temple. Here Chansat means 64 in Hindi. And today let us see four of the important yogini temples in India. And remember that these yogini temples do not show uniformity in iconography. Now the first important temple is the Hirapur Yogini Temple. It is situated in Odisha. And in this temple as you can see in these images the idols are all standing and these idols have been carved out of black chloride stone. And this temple is believed to be built by Queen Hiradevi of Brahma dynasty. It was built during the 9th century. Now next comes the Chansat Yogini Temple in Ranipur Jharyal. Now this is again situated in Odisha. Now in this temple the speciality is that the yoginis are depicted in dancing poses. Now the next important temple is Chansat Yogini Temple in Bedagard. It is situated in Madhya Pradesh. And the speciality in this temple is that the yoginis are in a seated position. And they are in the Lalitasana posture. This is the Lalitasana posture. Now next important temple is the Chausat Yogini Temple in Morena. This is again situated in Madhya Pradesh. Now this temple was built by Kachapakarta king Devapala. And note that this temple is also known as Ekatharso Mahadev temple. This was a venue of providing education and astrology and mathematics based on the transit of sun. So these are the four important yogini temples that you need to know as of now. With these facts in mind now let us move to the next discussion. Now our next discussion is going to be based on this editorial article that appeared in yesterday's newspaper. It talks about different political ideologies and its implications on the society. More importantly author of this article talks about the different aspects of liberalism and how it impacts other ideologies. So this is the crux of the article. So today we will discuss what author has to say about these ideologies. Then you will also see why a multi consensual democracy is needed for flourishment of the society. So before that the syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here for a reference. Now let us get to the main discussion. Now to understand what author has to say let us first understand what is liberalism. See basically liberalism is based on the moral argument that ensuring an individual person of the rights like right to life, liberty and property is the highest goal of the government. Why? Because when a political system is characterized by unchecked power like how it happens in a monarchy or in a dictatorship then in these scenarios the government cannot protect the life and liberty of its citizens. Therefore the main concern of liberalism is to construct institutions that protect individual freedom by limiting and checking political power. So this is the political aspect of the word liberalism. So now what about the economic aspect? Here liberalism means a country is opening up to the rest of the world with regard to trade regulations, taxations and other areas that generally affect business in the country. So generally we can determine whether a country is liberalized or not economically by seeing how easy it is to invest in that country and to do business in that particular country. So that means from the political perspective liberalism concentrates on the individual freedom and from the economic perspective it concentrates on the removal of restrictions. Now the author of this editorial is of the view that even this liberalism in the long term leads to nationalism and authoritarianism. See nationalism and authoritarianism has deteriorated the democratic principles of the societies. This could be seen even in democratic nations including the United States, India, United Kingdom, European Union etc. So here what author tries to convey is that from the political point of view according to him nationalism and authoritarianism enables the weakening of democratic structure and secularism. Then what about the economic point of view? Here also there are damages. See in the current scenario economy is not doing well and only a little growth is seen but it can be seen that the benefits of that growth are mostly concentrated in the top one person that is it is concentrated in the rich and well of people. Here the worrying factor is that the trickle down phenomenon has diminished. So what is a trickle down phenomenon? It means trickling down of wealth that is when wealth of the richest population is increasing it gradually benefits the poorest as a result. This refers to the trickle down phenomenon but this has been diminishing. This is what we say as the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer and according to the author with every global crisis the rich are getting richer while millions at the bottom are suffering a lot more than what they were going through before and this could be particularly seen during the financial crisis of 2007 to 2008 and even today in the ongoing COVID-19 crisis we can see the same scenario. So as a result of this inequalities of wealth have increased around the world and more importantly India is becoming one of the world's most unequal countries. So according to the author this leads to economic despair and this in turn is feeding the rise of authoritarianism and nationalism. The author is saying that liberals who continue to support more liberal economics they must understand how the ideas of liberal economics have caused the rise of anti-liberal societies. So let us understand how this is happening. Firstly it is happening due to opening national borders to free trade. We know that this has become an ideology in economies in the last 30 years and opening the national borders to free trade is nothing but liberalization but the issue is along with this eventually the taxes of incomes and wealth have been reduced among the top that is among the richest and well-off population. Now this is mainly done because of the principle that spirits of wealth creators must not be curtailed. Here it is assumed that growth will not happen if there is high taxation of wealth and this will in turn lead to dampening of the economy. So that is why high taxation is reduced among the wealth creators that is among the rich and well-off population. Here they believe that only if wealth is created it can be shared with the bottom poor people in the society. This could be seen in many developed countries for example according to the author in USA and even in many countries in Europe this could be seen. See initially they built up their public health and education infrastructure and strengthened their social security systems by living higher taxes until the 1970s but after that the rich people are being taxed much lesser than what they were taxed before. So as a result of this growth is definitely happening but the problem is only the richest of you have been really benefiting from this growth or from the wealth that is created. But in a liberalization what we assume is that the wealth is created by the top one percentage will be used to address the needs of the poor that means it will be used to finance the social security schemes focused on the poorer population and this will help to pull them out of the poverty loop. Now this according to the author creates a sense of nationalism why because here nationalism is created in the sense that it tends to promote the interests of a particular nation. For example here we can take USA it banned the H1B visa because of its America first policy. So here what author is trying to say is these liberalism or liberalization it is creating the sense of nationalism and protectionist policies and secondly through this liberalism or liberalistic policies government is also privatizing the public assets. Now why this is mainly done it is mainly done because the government has no resources. So through privatization government is trying to earn some money. There is also another justification given for this privatization which is to increase the efficiency in delivery of services. But the problem is this again leads to wealth creation or wealth accumulation especially. How this happens see when the public assets are privatized it becomes a private asset and after this they don't have the responsibility to give back to the society even though they have a responsibility under the CSR that is corporate social responsibility but that is a meager amount only. So when a asset is privatized then that company will only make as much profit as they can from that asset. But this is not the case with public assets right because here the profit from the public undertakings will be used for budgeting social sector schemes which is not done when the asset is privatized. There is also another angle to this privatization aspect. See when public is converted to private here rich people can buy what they need in fact they buy more with their higher incomes even with the services become more expensive for example they can get better healthcare better education for their children at the world's best schools etc so that means even the children of wealthier people with better education they have greater access to opportunities in the future. So this again increases has increased and will also increase in the future the gaps between the haves and have nots. So according to the author this also creates a sense of nationalism but in the sense that the individuals loyalty and devotion to the nation state surpass other individual or group interests here the individual and group interests will mean the private people. So this leads to citizens demanding the government to regulate the market to an extent. So these are the issues created by liberalism that is it leads to nationalism. So now what about other ideologies if you take communism we can agree that it has lifted living standards it has lifted the health and education of masses of poorer people faster than capitalism but according to the author the communism solution to property question was a failure that is communism has the ideology that that should not be any private property. So this was also a failure because it deprived people of their personal liberties. So we cannot definitely say that there should not be any private property then what about capitalism here also the solution did not work that is in a capitalism they tend to replace all publicly owned enterprises with privately owned ones this in turn reduces taxes on wealth and high incomes but this has also not worked according to the author because this has again denied basic human needs of health and education social security and equal opportunities for the children of the poorer sections we saw that just now. So here also replacing all publicly owned enterprises is not helping on the other hand the private property solution has also harmed the natural environment why because they are more concentrated on creating wealth and creating profit but they are less worried about the environment. So other than creating social inequalities they are also harming the environment so that means through communism we cannot say that there should not be any private property but again through capitalism also we cannot say that all publicly owned enterprises should be converted to privately owned ones. So according to the author there should be a middle ground and for this author is suggesting that the economic policies should be based on new ideas and secondly he has suggested that the principles of human rights should not be overpowered by property rights and final suggestion of the author is the new form of ideology called as Gandhian democratic socialism and this one should be powered by cooperative economic enterprises and according to the author this ideology is required in this 21st century. So what does author mean by saying Gandhian democratic socialism it means that this ideology is based on citizen participation government regulation and responsible and accountable economic enterprises so all these should be clubbed so we can say that it refers to a multi consensual approach based society this is what is needed according to the author it is needed to create wealth at the bottom that is to create wealth among the poorer sections of the society and also to save humanity and the planet according to the author so that means through this article author is trying to say that liberalism is paving way for nationalism and even the other ideologies such as communism and capitalism is also not helping in the current scenario so author has suggested a new ideology which is Gandhian democratic socialism powered by cooperative economic enterprises. So this is the takeaway from this editorial article with these points in mind now let us get to the next discussion. So our next discussion is going to be based on this news article which I have taken from the the Hindu website because there is no Indian newspaper edition for today. Now this news article says that the Houthi rebels of Yemen have seized a cargo vessel which belonged to United Arab Emirates and they have seized this vessel of the port of Hodeida which is also situated in Yemen. Now the point is this vessel is having seven Indians on board and the news mentions that as part of routine weekly patrol the United Nations mission to support Hodeida agreement have visited a nearby port that is the Asalif port and the neighboring areas of Hodeida port and also it has called for immediate release of the seven individuals who are on board this vessel. This is what is mentioned in this news article. So today here we are going to concentrate on the UN mission to support the Hodeida agreement and to know that we need to understand about the Stockholm agreement and the Hodeida agreement. See why we are going to see this today is because generally we only talk about the civil war that is going on in Yemen and also about the Houthi rebels but very rarely we discuss about the measures taken by the international community to mitigate the crisis. So that is why today we are going to discuss about the Stockholm agreement and the Hodeida agreement and the UN mission based on that. Now those who want to know more about the Yemen issue and the Houthi rebels they can visit our January 24th 2021 Hindi news analysis and also the March 5th 2021 Hindi news analysis. We have discussed about Yemen issue and Houthi rebels in detail in these discussions. Let us come to the Stockholm agreement. See this is a voluntary accord between the parties of conflict in Yemen. It was agreed in Stockholm that is situated in Sweden that is why this agreement is called as Stockholm agreement. Now this agreement has three main components. Now its first component is the Hodeida agreement. This agreement is an accord on the city of Hodeida and the ports of Hodeida, Salif and Ras Issa. See in this map you can see the port of Hodeida port of Salif and port of Ras Issa. You can see that they border the Red Sea and they are nearer to Sana which is the capital of Yemen. So the first component of Stockholm agreement was the Hodeida agreement. Now under this one the parties committed to an immediate ceasefire in the city of Hodeida and in these ports. So this means that after this agreement was signed the forces were redeployed and the ports were secured and this also led to the establishment of joint redeployment coordination committee. This committee was chaired by United Nations. Now this agreement also provided for a strength and UN presence in the city of Hodeida and in these ports and this is what led to the creation or the establishment of United Nations mission to support the Hodeida agreement. This mission was established in 2019. So this was the first component. Now the second component is an executive mechanism on activating the prisoner exchange agreement. See under this component parties agreed to provide to the office of the special envoy and the international committee of Red Cross. They agreed to provide finalists of prisoners, detainees, kidnapped persons or any person who is arrested in relation to the events. Along with this the parties also agreed to establish a technical working group to focus exclusively on the logistical and technical aspects of the exchange. So this was the second component. Now the third component was a statement of understanding on Taiz. This Taiz is a city in Yemen and under this component the parties agreed to form a joint committee to address the situation in Taiz. And they agreed that this joint committee will include representatives from the parties of the conflict and the civil society along with the participation of United Nations. So these were the three components under the Stockholm agreement. Remember this. Now what are the implications of this agreement? This is what is mostly important. See as we know that Yemen remains the world's most humanitarian crisis region but this crisis was mitigated to an extent through the Stockholm agreement because the agreements exceeded in averting further deterioration in the Yemen. And if this agreement would not have been signed then it would have jeopardized hundreds of thousands of Yemeni lives. And it is also estimated that around 150,000 people who left the city of Hudaida have returned after the agreement. So that means the first implication of this agreement is that it has averted further deterioration in Yemen. Now second there is also an expansion in the humanitarian flows so this is helping those who need it. Here we mean the financial and humanitarian assistance provided by other countries and international agencies. Apart from this another implication was that under the agreement the parties agreed on a mechanism to deposit the port revenues into a special account. This special account was to be opened in the central bank of Yemen especially in the branch in Hudaida and this account will be under UN supervision. Now the money in this account will be used to pay for the salaries of civil servants in Hudaida. So this helped to deploy more civil servants in the region to help the people in need. And most importantly the presence of United Nations in Hudaida has directly contributed to a reduction in hostilities and it has also improved the humanitarian situation. And according to experts this also provides opportunities for increased confidence in the prospect for the conflict to end. So that means the Stockholm Agreement is the first agreement by the parties of the conflict in Yemen. This was the first time the parties of the conflict could meet since 2016. And this is the first time since the start of the conflict that the partisan conflict have come to an agreement on several important issues to alleviate the humanitarian situation in Yemen. So this agreement and the consultations that are carried out under it remain a breakthrough because it is mainly focused on building trust between the parties. This is mainly needed for a successful peace building effort and for arriving at a peace agreement in the future. So that is all in this discussion we saw about the Stockholm Agreement and the Hudaida Agreement and what is the significance of this agreement and what were the implications of it. So with this article we have come to the end of news articles discussion session. Now we are moving to the next session the practice questions discussion session. Let us take up this first question. It asks with reference to Indian state of forest report 2021 which of the following statements is or are correct. First statement Vadip Pradesh has the maximum forest cover. This statement is correct because it just talks about the forest cover. Now the second statement a decreasing trend is observed in the country's carbon stock from the last five biennial assessments. This statement is incorrect because during discussion we saw that there is an increasing trend in the carbon stock of our country. Now the third statement Odisha has shown significant loss in mangrove cover. This statement is also incorrect because during discussion we saw that Odisha Maharashtra these two states which has shown significant gain in mangrove cover. So here only statement one is correct and the question also asks for the correct statements. So the correct answer to this question is option a one only. Now this next question is based on our Yogini discussion. It is a two statement question. Now first let me read the question. Consider the following statements with reference to Yogini recently seen in news. They are associated with the tantric mode of worship. This statement is correct. We saw this during discussion. Now the second statement is there are no temples dedicated for Yoginis in India. This statement is incorrect because we saw that the temples dedicated for Yoginis are called as Chausat Yogini temples and we saw four important temples that were situated in Odisha and Madhya Pradesh. So this statement is incorrect and here be careful the question asks for the incorrect statements. So the correct answer is option b two only. Now this next question asks the Hudaida agreement often seen in news is related to mitigating humanitarian crisis in which of these countries the country is given our South Sudan, Yemen, Syria, Lebanon and we saw this Hudaida agreement today it was with reference to Yemen and if you simply know that Hudaida is a port city in Yemen you can then also answer this question so the correct answer is option b. So with these three problems practice questions now let us take two main questions. You can answer these questions and post the answer in the comment section. Whenever we get time we'll review your answer. So viewers with this we have come to the end of today's in the news analysis discussion sessions and if you like this video don't forget to like, comment and share and also subscribe to Shankar Ayes Academy's YouTube channel for receiving more updates related to civil services preparation. Thank you.