 Девіт already made excellent presentation, and his focus was that most efficient way of capturing tacit knowledge, it's just transferring knowledge from one person to another. Дюринг transferring or walking together, definitely knowledge could be transferred not only, which can be transferred to explicit knowledge, documented, but also some knowledge which can be transferred during walking together, so called for example on job training. І я буду говорити в моєю презентіцією, вважаючи на моє реальне практикальні експеренції, тому що я вважаюся в цьому процесі, що ми тримаємо. Це не так легко на багато нуклеорганізаційних країн. Я вважаюся в Україні, в Росії, на нуклеорганізації, і в Болгарії на Козладові. Це означає, що тримаємо знайомість, і це має бути документен. Я не буду говорити про тримаюмо знайомість від одного до іного. Ви можете читати другий статус. Це реальна процеса чи процеса, як ми можемо вважати, може лише маленький проєкт, чи просто процеса, тому що на нуклеорганізації normalі, тому що це відбувається на процесі. Це має бути офіційно відбувається на процесі, щоб вважати знайомість від експерту. Це означає, що найбільші статуси, щоб вважати найбільшість експерту, як вважати фасилитатер, як вважати іншого експерту, хто може розуміти і вважати, може лише розважати, може лише відбувається на процесі. Це один з цих статусів. Мені разом вже говорили, що ми не можемо і не потрібно вважати всі знайомість, що експерту є. Загалом, це дуже важко, щоб вважати найбільшість експерту, щоб вважати ці пріоритети, які є дуже важко. Звичайно, який знайом, дуже важко і може лише відбуватися, тому що вважаємо в динаміку, Коли звичайно, такمة parte reflecting, такий рятутür приCSR завждиpoundирене Я думаю, це буде спеціальний ексерсайс, або ексерсесіалісті, не ексерсесіалісті, а практикальній ексерсіал чи ексерсесіалісті, це дуже ефіційна процедура, і це може бути вважені як першу степу, щоб розуміти ексерсіалісті у експерти. І ми маємо розуміти, що у бага організаційці, щось ми маємо грілянті люди, з кількою експерти, але вони просто можуть робити багато, але їха позиція і ця знайшка не є критикальна для місця організації. Ми маємо діференцію і не маємо з цим проблемом. Не маємо критикальну знайшку з кількою експерти. Це просто експерти, що ми робили у моїх організаціях. Це такий метод, який я зберігнув, ще разом, кількою експерти, коли ми розуміємо, що є експерти, всі критикальні знайшки, які потрібні, для експерти та ефіційна організація, і після цього людини, і намагається прийти від цих людей і потрібні компетенції, або критикальні знайшки, і після цього ми маємо діференцію, хто є кількою критикальні знайшки, і після цього ми можемо початкувати цю експерту індивідуальною. Тому, як ви знаєте, це дуже интересно, і кількою діференційних знайшків ми можемо реалізувати, ми можемо розуміти інше дуже важливе інформацій, як оптимувати якісь процеси, як оптимувати експерти, якісь дивіжію, чи якимось організацією. Це дуже важливе. Нормально, якщо ми маємо початкувати цю експерту, ми маємо початкувати цю першу степу. І дуже важливе інформацій, щоб вирішити цю першу степу, також кількою 5W та H, що це означає? Це 5W, W, W, W, W, W, Y. І H – це H. Це означає, вже це була маєта, багато разів, що знайшків, гукування, ходження з трьох дирекцій, знайшків, вода, вода, вукування, вукування. Але коли ми ходжуємо з експертами, декшніше, не декшніше, навіть, ми маємо не про статичну знайшку, що має бути робити, як має бути робити, і чому ми робимо це. Ми знову маємо видати першу інвірумію, з ким людинаю випадає. Ми маємо думати про якісь фази, якісь процеси. Це означає, коли якісь екшени має бути робити, що найбільше важливе у конкретній час. Дякую. І, в тому же, найбільше важливе at least for people who is working with repairing, with maintenance, it's a question of knowing where, it means where to find information, where to find some spare parts, and so on. This is very easy, very simple, but at start it's very effective. Capturing critical knowledge, again. It was mentioned already that it's impossible and not necessary to capture all knowledge, and I know about myself that together with knowledge in my brain I have a lot of waste, and that is why not necessary even to talk on some topics. We should also understand that real expert is too busy, because he or she is very valuable for organization, and he or she participates in many projects and activities. That is why when we start, when we plan activity to capture knowledge, we should be very good prepared. And some expert is very, very close and not easy even to talk with them. We should also understand that sometimes one expert could be replaced with several experts, and knowledge is not, knowledge has quite limited time, and in 5-10 years this knowledge will be already not unique and maybe not even critical. Requirements for technique of knowledge capturing. Of course we need normally facilitator, and I play several times role of facilitator, and sometimes it's not easy role. Of course we should focus on essential critical or unique knowledge, and we should try to use expert face-to-face on short period of time. It means that if it's possible sometimes we should ask him maybe to fill out some questionnaire when he or she has enough time. And quite important if in future it is necessary to replace this expert that successor should also participate in this activity of capturing knowledge. This is just some kind of statistic across nuclear organization, which was done by Atomic Energy Agency a couple of years ago. And you can see that on the first position it's a button, it's an employee interview, and the interview can be just for capturing knowledge during working of expert, and sometimes, and it's very important, it is necessary to organize so-called exit interview when person is leaving organization. Фото and video in my presentation it will be general umbrella of observation, also quite often used questionary and knowledge mapping. Percentage? Just percentage, you mean that if your summary is not 100, yeah? You're absolutely right. It's just average across many organizations in many countries. Taking from the document? Yes. Sorry, taking from document. There is document, I think it will be reference, methods and tools for preservation of knowledge. This special document you will find quite a lot of information. Thank you. Just common method to capture knowledge. Now nine. I'm talking only about nuclear organization and from practical point, because of course its list will be much, much longer, but my focus is nuclear area. Interview, this is top unstructured, semi-structured and structured. Knowledge organization systems, it's course, it's mind map, concept map, three diagrams and taxonomies. Concept mapping, it's very, very similar. Process mapping, also quite important, because it's process for nuclear power plants, in particular, commentating, observations. Constraint task, it's very similar structured interview. Concept sorting, I mentioned already a little bit, and the repertory grid. I will describe shortly each of them. First of all, of course, interview. Three main types of interview. Unstructured, semi-structured and structured interview. I participated in many of them, and we found that most efficient way to organize interview with experts, it's semi-structured interview. It means it should be prepared, some very valid questions, and after that it should be some flexibility freedom to ask additional, to clarify or to give possibility of expert to describe more detail, maybe some logically related subjects. It is necessary to stress that most difficult part is very important to formulate and ask right questions. I already mentioned probably in my first presentation that there is a special, there is a book Learning to Fly. It's Collins from British Petroleum. They described a lot of things very useful for knowledge management, in particular that it is necessary to learn before, doing something during, doing something, and learn after that, to improve after that performance and everything. It may be modified. And most important things, what they stressed in their book, is to formulate and find right questions. To formulate right questions, it is necessary to have another expert, which will be at least at this very similar level as expert, which will be interviewed. Also quite important to use right terminology. We know, when we ask some expert on nuclear power plants, what kind of explicit knowledge do we have? And it was polite answer, what? Because they don't know. They know what does it mean, experience, what does it mean, skills, what does it mean, information, but they don't know what does it mean, explicit or tacit knowledge. That is why, when you are, and after that dialogue could be not so friendly, not so open. That is why, and by the way, on each organization could be special terminology. And if you use this terminology, it means you can, as facilitator, you will be recognized as on the same level or a member of family of organization. If not, it will be barrier, resistance, and so on. It's definitely. Sometimes we discuss it in Ukraine, on South Ukrainian nuclear power plant. It is necessary even to invite psychologists. Because many of these methods was developed by psychologists, by the way. Mind mapping, concept mapping, some kind of this structured interview. This is developed by psychologists. And psychologists in Russia there is on each nuclear power plants, for example. And during at least first interview to remove barrier, to open person, expert, it would be very, very efficient way. Unfortunately, not each organization has such possibility to involve psychologists. But if it's possible, do it. This is definitely very, very effective and efficient. Taxonomy. Knowledge organization system and taxonomy. And concept mapping. It's visual way when you try to write a structured map of knowledge. Any kind of visualization, it's always quite efficient way of talking with any expert. Just example. This is concept map, which described knowledge management. Some concept. What main element around this concept of knowledge management has. What is semantic links to other concept. Another example. It's taxonomy of our VVR reactor, which is main reactor in Russia. Just structure. It's huge file. And you can use it for a creation of some manual technical documents because after creation of this, or developing this structure, you can check what kind of documentation you have for particular concept, for particular subject, what is missing. Also we developed these templates for interview, for experts of Smolensk nuclear power plants. And you can see, this is just, we used even color. And we ask expert, no whom, with whom he contact, what kind of risk in his job, what main functions of his position, which kind of technical documentation he or she is responsible to maintain and what kind of technical documentation in used and so on. And after that, developing this map, we can, with color, for example, red, identify position, where knowledge are unique, or where knowledge even critical. This some things to consider that this is good tool for visualization of information. This is definitely could be used as first step to identify knowledge, maybe even to put with color some priority and after that next step, it can be already done in the direction of capturing knowledge. І, of course, there are a lot of IT tools, how to do it, how to do it, how to help. I know before, because we started, use this tool in 86, it's first time and we did it on paper, but it could be done on paper, it's not a problem. Ok, process modeling, it's very important because people, when he expert is doing something, of course he is doing in time. That is why there are some phases and quite important to write process. And we had very good example in some engineering organization in Russia who is responsible for producing some equipment for nuclear power plants, for example, steam generator. We asked expert to describe process of developing something and immediately during description it was visible how to modify this procedure, how to reduce number of steps and they did it and they save a lot of time. This is just as example quality control but not necessary when we could write procedure of capturing knowledge or other things. It's very easy. Commentating, what does it mean commentating? It means expert himself watch how another person doing something who will replace him and do some comments about his job, his activity. This is quite efficient way because when part of knowledge and experience already transferred it's very difficult to understand whether it's enough or not enough. And when a person already start doing by himself or by herself job expert can watch and do provide some comments. Observation. Observation is technique now it's very, very more and more often is used. We can use up-to-date technology IT, video recording just to save time. When expert is doing something just observe, do some recording, voice, video and after that put in knowledge base. Constraint task I said already this is kind of unstructured or structured interview when they prepare some list and by the way I will put for you in additional material on CLP4net example of this questionnaire before interview when expert can answer some question and after that it would be much easier to formulate right question for next interview with expert. This constraint task squeeze, assessment and so on. Concept sorting. I already said to you I described that we did it in my organization when it was necessary to identify people owner of critical knowledge because sometimes even it is necessary to stress person critical with critical knowledge in the division could not be critical at the level of organization and person with critical knowledge at the organization cannot be critical at the level of corporation. What is in Russia? We have huge organization that is why it's always with high level of probability we can find if necessary somebody who can replace if it's necessary and just this is photo of our school and came school when it was special exercises knowledge market it was when people also use concept sorting with card sorting and they this is just demonstrate for you that we used even at the school this methodology. Repetary greed I think we know everybody everybody use it in our life when we go to shop we create some list what is necessary to buy sometimes when we think what to buy car or TV or some expensive other equipment we are thinking about properties different about cost about maintenance about guarantee this is just a repetary greed this is example of where you can find also in the book of method and tools for preservation of knowledge this is list of procedures processes of knowledge preservation this is some IT tools database, portals and after that expert can identify which tools is most efficient for concrete process another example from nuclear area when you should select flow meter device you can put some property this is different types of this equipment this is property put some ranking for example if it's cheap highest ranking if it's very expensive low rating and other property after that you can find summary and select most adequate pragmatic one for your organization conclusion this is obvious that there is wide set of technique and method how to capture tested knowledge how to work with expert and experts and each organization each people should select most efficient one because even it depends on generation because young people prefer computer old people prefer paper on structured form they ask another expert some people even it depends on nationality because for example card sorting it's very very popular in UK but for example in other countries maybe they even don't know about such such method we should also understand that volume of information what we are capturing is not equal quality because it's not easy because it's very easy to say but it's not easy in practical to understand what does it mean and process of capturing knowledge is not one step process you should start you should be very very delicate with experts because they are very busy with the clever and their time is very very expensive prepare repeat several times and after that you will be successful and focus of course on critical knowledge based on result of risk assessment that is very good too which was developed by an agency and I recommend it very much to you thank you very much and your attention