 Trade and investment have been shown to have both positive and negative effects on food systems. While they can help facilitate access to healthier food options, they can also lead to the proliferation of unhealthy food products and the spread of animal source foods. Additionally, trade disputes can become platforms for debates over the safety and acceptability of new technologies in the food supply chain. To ensure that trade and investment do not undermine food system transformation efforts, it is important to understand how these two forces interact and to develop strategies to mitigate their potential negative consequences. This article was authored by Ashley Shram and Belinda Townsend.