 Welcome to this series of morphological videos. In the 1980s Liz Selkirk proposed a compositional structure of words in terms of heads and modifiers. Even though this implies a strict separation between inflection and derivation, this method has turned out to be useful for the analysis of present-day English derivatives and this is what I'm going to show. I will analyze the present-day English derivative carelessness and this will be the result, a morphological tree. But how do we arrive at such a structure? Well let's build this morphological tree step by step. Now before you start you should prepare well. Take an empty sheet and write the word that you want to describe compositionally at the bottom of that sheet and leave sufficient space above it and then you can start. The first step is certainly a simple morphological analysis that is the analysis of the derivative in our case carelessness into its base form and its affixes. Step 2 is to assign word classes categories to each morph. Now the affixes less and less are associated with inherent word classes that is with those word classes that they will generate when they are added to a base form. Less turns nouns into adjectives so it is marked A, less turns adjectives into nouns so it is associated with the word class noun. So now we can start with the base form which is care and combine it with an affix to its left or right that results in a suitable word form. If you're not sure whether such a form exists you can always consult corpora such as the British National Corpus for example. So the only affix which we can find to the right of care is careless so in other words this is the branching structure and now we have to think about a syntactic feature that is the category that is assigned to the new mother node. To do this we have the percolation conventions that were defined in the 1980s by Liz Selkirk. Well here they are. Rule one is pass the features of the affix up to the first branching node and rule two if a branching node fails to obtain features well then we take the features of the second daughter of this new mother node. In our case it is relatively simple. We can apply rule number one and pass the features of less to the new mother node and now we have a new base form. The new base form is careless and we can combine it with another suitable affix. There is only one so in other words we have this structure now well and again we can assign the syntactic features that is the categories of the affix to the new mother node and again rule number one applies we can simply take the percolation conventions and apply rule number one which passes the features of the affix to the new new branching node. Okay so carelessness is a noun. That's it. There are more complicated cases though so stay tuned for my analysis of those and by the way the print version of this solution is available in the VLC lecture library as usual and more than 50 trees of this kind can be found in the morphological practicals that are used on the virtual linguistics campus. Thanks and see you again.