 Abstract hollow carbon nanocages, HCNCs, have been gaining attention in recent years due to their unique structural and morphological features, which make them ideal candidates for electrochemical energy storage and conversion applications. This review discusses the synthesis, structural control, and modification of HCNCs as well as their electrochemical properties and applications. Additionally, the potential of these materials for use in multifunctional composites is explored. This article was authored by Zisheng Li, Bolin Li, Chong Lin Yu, and others.