 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel, Explore Education and I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, S.S. Khanna Girls' Tree College, University of Allahabad. And today I'm going to discuss a very interesting and important topic under educational psychology that is identity development in adolescence. When we study child development, when we study hair development, there is Kishora, which is the most important thing in our lifespan. And there are a lot of educational implications to study it. In which identity development is a very important and crucial part of adolescence or Kishora. So today we will talk about this and lecture will be in bilingual mode and will be very useful for in general too. And in specific for various examinations. Okay, so let's start. First of all, what is Kishora? I believe that you know that even then from the onset of puberty to the attainment of adulthood, the time span of the beach is called Kishora. A lot of people have given a lot of age range, like teenagers, from 13 to 19. I don't know up to 12. I came in 13 for the first time, but it comes up to 19. That's why 13 to 19 years old kids call it Kishora. So this is a very crucial part of our life. We all go through it or we see our children through it. Identity. When we recall once again, when we were reading Eric Erikson's psychosocial theory of development and personality, he told us that each stage has a developmental task and everyone has a conflict situation. If we cross it, if we resolve it well, then we go smoothly on the next stage. So he told us about adolescence, identity versus role confusion. Either the child's identity will achieve Kishora or he will be confused with his role. If the role is confused, then the next stage will not be able to go well on intimacy versus isolation. But if he achieves that identity, then the next stage, the sixth stage of intimacy versus isolation, it will be a smooth transition. So how do we define Eric Erikson's identity? He says it is a fundamental organizing principle which develops constantly throughout the lifespan. But before adolescence, identity does not come. Adolescence comes only after adolescence. Adolescence starts, then life changes. But before that, because childhood is small, it does not have any exploration or sense of self in it. So how does identity become? How do we recognize ourselves? How does our self-image become? Involves the experiences, relationships, beliefs, values and memories. What are our experiences? What are our relationships with our peer groups, our parents, our teachers, our community members? What are our beliefs? What are our goals? And what are our thoughts on our life? All of these together make up a person's subjective sense of self, a person's self-consciousness. All of these together make up a person's subjective sense of self, a person's self-consciousness. Self-consciousness is always subjective. Why is it not subjective? It is not like, I see myself in the same way, you see yourself in the same way. You will judge me according to your experience, relationship, beliefs, values and memories. I will judge you according to myself. So it will always be subjective. This helps create a continuous self-image that remains fairly constant, even as new aspects of the self are developed or strengthened over time. Self-image remains constant. There is little change in it. It is not like we are changing very quickly. And identity provides self-sameness, meaning a sense of continuity within the self and in interaction with others. That is, what we consider ourselves and what we talk to others about. Uniqueness, a frame to differentiate between self and interaction with others. When we are alone and in the same time, or we are talking to each other, then there is a difference between the two. That is uniqueness, our uniqueness. Psycho-social development, mental and physical health for adolescents. I mean, we have talked a lot about that both the mental and physical health of Kishore should be better. Okay. Identity versus role confusion comes up, which Erickson said that the stage of this stage, that is the stage of the adolescent is a developmental task and it should be complete in every way. Identity should be achieved. He is saying that it is the fifth stage of ego in psycho-logist, Erickson's theory of psycho-social development. This stage occurs during adolescence. This happens between the ages of approximately 12 and 18. 12, 18, 13, 14, this kind of span. During this stage, adolescents explore their independence and develop a sense of self. In this age range, within the age of Kishore, they get a newfound freedom, independence, that now they are grown up and can come alone. We will not study in this that male-adolescent and female-adolescent are all together different worlds. We will not study in this. We will study in general adolescent. And develop a sense of self. And its self-image develops for itself. So according to Erickson, Erickson says that people progress through a series of stages as they grow and change throughout life. This is what he said. He said it till the eighth stage. He said it till the age of death. How do we get our series of stages? During each stage, on every stage, everyone faces a developmental conflict. Every person has to go through a development. If we achieve it, then the next stage will go well. If we cannot achieve it, then the next stage will be difficult. Then our personality will start. That must be resolved to successfully develop the primary virtue of that stage. So the primary virtue of that stage is to achieve the primary virtue of that stage. That must be resolved accordingly. Erickson was interested in how social interaction and relationships affect development and growth. And Erickson was interested in how social differences are formed and how our relationships are and how our development and growth are affected. That is why his theory is called psychosocial development. Okay. Then the stages of identity development that we are going to study will be told by Erickson. He told us that identity versus role confusion and identity should be achieved. James Marchia, also a developmental psychologist, he was also a developmental psychologist. He said, describe similar tasks for adolescents. He also said similar tasks for kishore. But rather than characterizing them at stages, he did not do it at all. He believed the process was non-linear. He believed that the achievement of identity, the process, the practice, is non-linear. He did not go stage-wise. Marchia proposed that the status of identity development occur in response to crisis in the domain such as school relationships and values rather than progressing in a linear fashion. He did not do it at all. So, what are the four stages through which an adolescent and a kishore can identify themselves? First, he said identity diffusion and then identity foreclosure. Second, he said identity moratorium. And fourth, he said identity achievement. So, what is identity diffusion? Identity diffusion means that something is not right. The role diffusion is called in a diffused state. So, in accordance to Marchia, they say identity diffusion is at a stage where an adolescent has not committed any role at all. For example, the status of an adolescent who has not made a commitment to a particular identity has no identity. They are not able to identify themselves on the front page. A youth who has not yet considered college or job prospects. For example, a youth who has not yet chosen which course to take, which school to go to, which school to go to, for example, could be said to be in the identity diffusion status. For example, could be said to be in the identity diffusion status. For example, could be said to be in the identity diffusion status. But a professional identity diffusion can be done personally. Then, on the other stage, no, it is not a stage, it is not a rake. They have only told us that it can be in these circumstances of our identity. What is identity foreclosure? In this stage, we have committed any identity. But we have not explored the options that are available to us. How did we commit? Either peer pressure, our friends are doing the same course, our friends are taking the same coaching admission, or our parents want us to do this. Involves committing to an identity prematurely without exploration or choice. We have chosen it quickly. Without exploration. There is no need to search for anything. This might occur, for example, when traditions are compulsory and parents are insistent on a particular element. When we know that we have to become this or we know that our parents want this and so we forcefully become that. For closing conscious choice by the adolescent. We have not chosen anything consciously. We have chosen it unconsciously or deliberately. Then comes our identity moratorium. What is this stage? It is that we have explored a lot. We have been given a lot of options. We have been given freedom to choose what you want to be. But we are not able to choose. We are not able to commit to any identity. This is the stage of active exploration. We are exploring a lot. Coupled with low commitment. But along with it, our commitment is low to a particular identity. This is an interesting, exciting and potentially dangerous time for an adolescent. This is a dangerous time for a Kishore. Why? Because he will keep getting upset in his options. So what should be our role? The guardian of the parent of the authority figure to free and explore them. But also need guidance and support to proceed safely through these status. So that we can safely cross this status. And in the end, our identity will be achieved. What will happen here? We will explore a lot of options. And the best suited option will be achieved. We will show our commitment to it. Okay. Some other people, psychologists, told us about identity development. For example, Adams and Marshall say that identity formation provides five functions. A structure in order to self-knowledge. First of all, we should have our own knowledge. What are we? What is our interest? What is our aptitude? What do we want to be? A sense of consistency and coherence to believe goals in self-knowledge. We want to be a person. So we will not be able to achieve identity. We will have to stick to it coherently. A sense of continuity for one's history and future. Our future should also be a continuity. A sense of personal control of their choices and outcomes. We should also have a personal control on their choices and outcomes. Eric Erikson believed that the primary psychosocial task of adolescence was to establish identity. The first task of adolescence is to establish an identity. This stage includes questions regarding their appearance, vocational choices and career aspirations, education, relationship, sexuality, political and social views, personality and interest. What are the things that form our identity? How do we look? What do we want to be? What are our choices? How do we teach? What is our relationship with Z6? What are your political and social views? What is your personality? What are your interests? And then during adolescence we experience a psychological moratorium where teens put on hold a commitment to identity while exploring the options. We explore a lot but we cannot commit. What do we want to be? Benefits of identity. If our identity is achieved we will show a great commitment. We will have self-confidence and sense of independence. Fidelity is the primary virtue of the stage of adolescence. It is said that if you attain fidelity and truthfulness then we will go from the next stage which is intimacy versus isolation which is the sixth stage in recent years. Okay. Consequences of role confusion. If identity is not achieved then what will happen? What will be the result of enmity? Will we not be able to show commitment? Will our mental health and well-being not be good? Will our weak sense of self and we will not have confidence? How to decrease role confusion? How to reduce it? Build on your strengths. Work on your strengths and your positives. Try new things to discover what you like. For those of you who like us we will explore new innovative ways. Make commitments and set goals. We will have to achieve it. We will have to realize our goals and participate in activities that are related to your interest and participate in activities that are of interest to us. If we do all this then role confusion will be reduced and identity formation will be formed and identity formation will be formed. This is the task of our stage of adolescence. Okay. I have completed a very important task for all of you. If you are connected to any area then you will definitely get benefits. So thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel Explore Education. Okay. Enjoying my Telegram Group 2 done from my site.