 Reproductive strategies in reptiles and birds First the contents Fertilization in reptiles and birds Then the structure of egg Or the nature of egg in reptiles and birds Then breeding Then courtship behavior and the development So first the fertilization So if we want to demarcate All the terrestrial groups of animals In which reptiles, birds and mammals come Fertilization is internal When there are aquatic groups Like amphibians or fishes In that there is mix In that there is external In most there is external In some there is internal So when we talk about reptiles or birds Simply its fertilization That will be internal fertilization And the development can be internal or external So for reptiles or birds Fertilization will be internal fertilization Now for internal fertilization Normally the eggs They are produced in ovaries Produced in oviduct There is a tube in which the egg moves The sperm has to reach to the egg The sperm has to move To reach the ovary To reach the oviduct So the lower part of the oviduct When the egg reaches here It will become shell When the shell becomes on the egg Then it will not be fertilized So the sperm has to move To reach the oviduct And fertilize the egg For egg fertilization When the sperm is already big It has a tail Some animals have a life When the sperm is stored Usually the life of the sperm is less They survive for a short time For a few hours or a few days They survive When the sperm is not active It becomes inactive Some animals have a life In which females can store the sperm For a long time That means there will be a meeting After the meeting When the male and the female are close The sperm will donate to the female Some animals have a life In which females store the sperm For example in a turtle For 4 years The female turtle Can store the sperm Similarly Some snakes have a life In which they store the sperm To store the sperm Every year When they want to take the egg The sperm will fertilize the egg That is the phenomenon Sperms can be stored for a long time Nature of egg For reptiles and the birds Before reptiles Some reptiles have a shell That does not have a hard shell It is a soft shell Some reptiles have a hard shell While the birds Have a shell That does not have a hard shell It has a shell on it The shell egg The benefit of this is It protects the egg It will protect the egg With its mechanical damage In the egg In reptiles and birds There are 3 membranes Which are called extra embryonic membranes There is a Corion, Allantoise and Aminion Corion, Aminion and Allantoise These 3 membranes Basically the function of them is To protect the egg Especially Aminion Aminion has an amniotic fluid Aminion has an amniotic fluid Basically what does the embryo do? It floats The young one who is 12 years old Floats the aminion fluid To make it dry Allantoise is usually used for Gaseous exchange Breeding in reptiles and birds Breeding is usually For fertilization Usually reptiles are Hybrid animals So when winter season comes They hibernate In reptiles hibernation In such safe places All reptiles get together In the form of group When all those snakes Get together In a cave or in a safe place They are called hibernicula A big group of hibernicula That is called hibernicula What is inside that hibernicula Where it is mating And what is it called Where it is breeding When mating The sperm transfers to the female During winter But that sperm will fertilize the eggs When spring season begins So in spring season If the sperm is activated They will fertilize the eggs And then they will produce the young one In birds The breeding season When we have spring season You often see Birds making birds Or they sound more like birds Basically what is this They are showing breeding and courtship behavior Now they are going to reproduce Courtship behavior Courtship behavior If we look at reptiles it is more complex Usually when reptiles are male It actively Search for the female When they are reproductively active Search for the female And If we look at the benefits of courtship behavior In its two or three important benefits Because of courtship behavior We get safe places for reproduction The potential female It is recognized It can be recognized as male In that When we look at reptiles It is important The tactile stimulus When reproduction is done It is called a rap Male and female When they are rugged They are getting ready For the reproduction process They are getting ready In birds Courtship behavior It is a form of territory Birds do not enter any other male There is a male On a tree On a tree He is singing There is no other male However that is Attractive place for the females The female who is getting ready She comes there They will do courtship behavior Reproduction Fertilization They will take the egg and take care of the young ones If we look at birds 90% of birds are Monogamous Monogamous means That one bird is passing with one female That means One male and one bird is passing with one female It is not that One male One female and one female They are having the pairing Strong pairing Benefit of that is for young ones When male and female pair Young ones' caring To bring them together They will get good care So in birds Strong binding Monogamous The care of the young ones The care of the male and female The care of the young ones gets more protection Usually the polygamous species In which The strong pairing The same pairing of the male and female In this case, the young ones They do not need much parental care In this diagram When we have courtship behavior It is shown that The male bird is dancing When the females They are attracted to That male So because of the male's dance Because of the courtship behavior The females are attracted to it Development In the reptiles There are several reptiles In which there are snakes There is internal development And eggs are kept in the body In most cases, eggs are taken In all the birds All the birds are oviparous Egglings Most of the reptiles are oviparous There are several types of oviparous Oviparous means The eggs stay in their body And hatch out from there To become a young bird