 And the final area for you to have a bit of a look at is technological applications and one of the things I guess that we are aware of as we carry out titrations is the labor intensive manner of titration. The fact that it is a very precise technique is very hard to hit exactly that equivalence point or that end point when you're carrying out your titrations. And as a result of that, there are a number of devices now, technological devices that can be used to automate the titration process. Some of these you'll find used in the food industry. We also have an improvement in the quality of technology associated with blood sampling and blood testing. Some of the gas sensors, obviously the two main gases that we're looking at here are carbon dioxide and oxygen. Carbon dioxide in particular is something that when present in the blood can change the pH and therefore there are some important consequences associated with not just how to ensure that there is good blood chemistry in terms of pH, but also in terms of monitoring to make sure that the levels don't fall too high or too low. And I guess one other area that's a nice one to look at is wastewater management. We know that there are a number of processes that are part of what happens to our water. Both the water that's kind of fresh water that feeds into our systems and gets processed into drinking water as well as the water that gets flushed away and what happens to that. In terms of water treatment in general, acids and bases play a particularly important role. So the pH of drinking water is very important, but so is the pH of wastewater. And this requires two very important processes. One is monitoring of the levels so we need ways of determining what the pH is in comparison to what it should be and also in terms of management to know which particular chemicals we can add that may help restore the balance of pH without actually creating more problems than they are solving. This is a very quick overview of the applications of acid base reactions and I'm sure that you'll have the opportunity to look at some of these in a little bit more detail during class time. Thanks for watching.