 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel, Explore Education and Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, SS Khanna Girls 2B College, University of Palahava. It is my email ID, the lecture will be in bilingual mode and I am discussing a new topic under the heading of inclusive education. Yesterday, I have discussed with you, special education, concept of special education, integrated education and inclusive education and today I am going to discuss in detail the concept of inclusive education and the lecture will be very useful for various purposes such as your competitive teaching examinations as well as for your general and professional educational courses. Okay, so first of all, inclusive education, we have discussed yesterday that inclusive education means the education of the society, the education of the society and the education of the society. We include all types of disabilities in inclusive education and differently abled students, all sorts of different abled students are brought to mainstream education. This is what we study in detail. Inclusive education is an approach to schooling in which students with many different kinds of disabilities and learning needs are educated in classes with non-disabled and typically developing students. That means Samaveshi Shikshah is a practice of schooling in which different kinds of disabilities, many types of disabilities, learning needs can be achieved, but that will be taught in the same class with non-disabled and developing students. In an inclusive arrangement, students who need additional support and services spend most of their time with their non-disabled peers rather than in separate classrooms or schools. An inclusive arrangement is that the child who needs additional support or services spend most of their time with non-disabled peers, which means those children who don't have any kind of disability or disability, instead of teaching them in a separate classroom or school. The term inclusive education is most often used to mean the inclusion of persons with physical and mental impairments such as sensory or mobility limitations, intellectual disabilities, language disorders, behavioural disorders and autism spectrum disorders. Look, we have to influence everyone. Whether it is a physical or mental issue, impairment or a sensory or mobility limitation, there is no problem in listening, there is no problem in walking, there is some intellectual disability, its IQ level is less, there is some language disorder, there is some behavioural disorder, ADHD is in Rome, there is some behavioural disorder, there is some autism spectrum disorder. We have to include everyone in a similar classroom. Some educators and theorists also use inclusion in a broader sense. Some people use inclusion in a broader sense. They say that an educational system is designed to ensure access for all groups that have been marginalised in society and in schools. They say that in schools, in the society, any group, any symbol that has been marginalised has been left on the border. Meaning, you are not able to bring it to the mainstream, in the centre, in the middle. What are all those inclusions and inclusive education? Thus, inclusion is sometimes invisible as the deliberate and self-conscious structuring of whole school and classroom environments so that they are accessible and congenial, not only to students with impairments but also to those who can face exclusion or disempowerment due to their ethnicity, social class, gender, culture, religion, immigration history or other attributes. Meaning, they are saying that you should include everyone in inclusion. It is not necessary that they have a disability, a disability, in fact, all those groups and people who have been separated from the mainstream society and are marginalised, what is the inclusion? It is our deliberate attempt. Meaning, we deliberately created such a school, such a classroom environment that we are accessible for everyone. Meaning, reach everyone. Whether it is according to their social status, their gender is male-female, their culture is not considered as a good culture, it is not considered as a good culture. Any religion, any of their immigration history has come from somewhere, it is a tradition. In the case of any group, it is differently abled. Everyone's inclusion is an inclusive education. Because inclusion also has this broader meaning. It sometimes endures as a means of achieving a more comprehensive form of social justice. They are saying that because inclusion has such a big historical meaning, so sometimes we can also believe that the inclusion that we are presenting, the different abilities of our disability, can also be said as a way of achieving social justice. We are doing justice from a social perspective. We are making education accessible for everyone. Now, its historical and legal trend. Since when did it start? In the past few years, what kind of work and decisions were made that led to the inclusion of inclusive education? So, inclusive education is an outgrowth of several social and political movements that have emerged since the middle of the 20th century. They are saying that from the middle of the 20th century, many such social and political movements were created that led to the inclusion of inclusive education as an outgrowth. They are saying that the first such federal law was the Education for Handicapped Children in 1975. In 1975, there was a federal law called EHA, which means Education for Handicapped Children Act. In 1999, the EHA was replaced by another federal law. Another law replaced it. As time goes by, the law is improved. It is seen how it can be improved. So, the second law was the Individuals with Disabilities Act, in the name of an idea. I, Individuals, D for Disabilities and E for Act. Then came the statement of the United Nations in 1994 and the UNESCO's DAKAR, the Wild Declaration on Education for All. The concept of Education for All is very important. It was a movement called Education for All, in the name of the United Nations. I have discussed this a little bit in the past. Here, in detail, you have to go to inclusive education. So, it came in 2000, the Wild Declaration on Education for All. See, there are very recent things. Now, it is going on in 2013. It is not an old thing. Note the importance of inclusive schooling. It starts after the importance of inclusive schooling. The Education for All movement is a global commitment to provide equal quality basic education to all children, youth and adults. They are saying that the movement came in the form of a global commitment. It was felt in the whole universe that we all have to give equal quality basic education. This commitment arose in the context of the World Conference on Education for All of UNESCO in 1990. They are saying that the UNESCO Conference on Education for All has come out of this commitment and was later revised and discussed in the standard rules on the equalization of opportunities for persons with disabilities in 1993. They are saying that the UNESCO World Conference came out of this commitment and was later revised and discussed in the standard rules. And when the UNESCO World Conference came out of this commitment on special needs education, access and quality, the International Conference of Dakar in 2000, and the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2006. In this way, these conferences and themes have been coming out. And what later on has been known as the Salaman's statement, is the result of the World Conference held in 1994 where the term inclusion appeared for the first time in the context of special education. They are saying that when Salaman's statement came out, the word inclusion came out. The result of the World Conference held in 1994. The World Conference that took place in 1994 first came the word inclusion in the history of special education in literature. Before that, the word inclusion was not used. So in 1994, it is not such a past. It is only 6 years old and 22 years old but it is 28 years old. So it is very recent according to literature. Then if we talk about the RTE Act 2009 in which we saw the view of the Vaishwit and if we talk about the Indian view of the world, then the very own very popular right to education act that came in 2009 embraces that inclusion. The right of children to free and compulsory education, which is known as RTE Act 2009, a landmark legislation has many provisions to ensure quality education for all. Children including children are at one page groups, such as they should you will go, they should you will try the socially and educationally backward classes economically weaker sections and with it differently abled. It is said that in 2009, a landmark was proved in the area of education and it is said that we have to include everyone. So what happened after RTE, every school is now an inclusive school. Because it is an act, you cannot deny it and it is said that we have to include everyone. So now every school is a landmark, you cannot deny it. Now it is RTE Act 2009 after. Then India has been a signatory of many declarations. India has also been a signatory to international declarations. Now it is being discussed in India, like the Salamanca Statement and Framework for Action on Special Needs Education and Bivako Millennium Framework for Action and the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities that emphasize the need for fundamental education policy, shifts to enable general schools to include children with disabilities. It is said that we have signed so many international conferences so we had to bring it ourselves so RTE Act 2009 has embraced it. It has admitted it. It has envisioned such a school which will be an inclusive school. Then the Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Integrated Education for the Disabled Children revised 1992. The RTE Act 2009 provides for children's right to an education of Equitable Quality Based on Principles of Equity and Non-Discrimination. It is said that the RTE Act 2009 has the right for children and the children have the right that they should get schooling based on Equitable, Samata Moolak, Gunovatta Poon and Samata and Non-Discrimination. For example, the Samagra Shikshabhiyan 2018 which is a progressive form of Sarva Shikshabhiyan. In Samagra Shikshabhiyan, they have Universalization of Secondary Education. It is advised to improve the quality of education ensuring equity and inclusion at all levels of school education from pre-school to senior secondary schools. In Samagra Shikshabhiyan, Sarva Shikshabhiyan has been taught. You can say that since we have signed on international declarations, it is a global commitment that we have to give inclusive education to everyone. The policy will be included. By default, it will be included that we have to accept inclusive education. This is a historical and legal trend. How did he take this role? If we talk about the principles, we discussed in UNESCO that there are five main principles on which inclusive education has been kept. Every child has a fundamental right to education. Every child has the right to go and must be given the opportunity to achieve and maintain an acceptable level of learning. Every child has unique characteristics, interests, everything and learning needs. Education system should be designed so that the educational program is implemented to take into account the wide diversity of these characteristics and needs. Those with special educational needs must have access to regular schools to accommodate them with a child-centered pedagogy capable of meeting those needs. That is, the school system will change itself. The methodology will change itself. The teaching style will change itself so that your needs can be catered. And regular schools with this inclusive orientation have the most effective means of combating discriminatory attitudes, creating welcoming communities, building an inclusive society and achieving education for all. How did all this start? From the concept of all, from the concept of EFA, it means that this is the way to deal with discriminatory attitudes in the society, in the education system, in the education system, which we do. Instead of this, we do welcoming communities. We respect them so that we can create an inclusive and inclusive society so that we can achieve education for all, for all. Apart from this, what we will discuss in general are the principles based on inclusive education. They promote equity, community, opportunity and the rights of children. Students with disability in education care and contribute to reducing discrimination against them. What we want is to reduce discrimination Inclusive protect practice aims to minimize or remove these barriers and support the success of all students in ensuring that academic standards are not compromised. What are the principles based on inclusive education? Access to education, to education, equity, and treatment. Relevance, participation, accessibility, and empowerment. And what is important is to empower the less empowered. Management is a very difficult and inclusive classroom. It is not so easy to include everyone. How to change the challenges? How to create and maintain the order, structure, and safety? How to make sure that no one will sit in front of you? Because a normal child needs to cater to them. No one will sit in front of them. There can be minor issues. How to build a structure? How to ensure their safety? How to meet the learning, social, and developmental needs of all students? How do you develop all the children who need them, who need them more? How to get rid of them? How to find them? How to confront the ever-present risk of stigmatizing those who are perceived as different? How to make sure that you don't stigmatize them, don't give them any excuses, and don't consider them to be inferior? What can we do? Three strategies for effective inclusion. You can use these three strategies to influence them. What are they? A flexible approach to giving students the support they need. An integration of universal design and differentiated instructions. Instruct them accordingly. And the normalization of the reality of human differences. Even if we don't have any disability, we are different from each other. We are not like you, we are like you, we are like you, we are like you, we are like you, we are like you, we are like you, Only then you will be able to generate such a kind of sense that you already think of. And then barriers, here comes an inclusive classroom. Quite an theory. There are 3 sets of barriers that currently limit the opportunity for people with disabilities to participate in society in equal terms with non-disabled. What are the obvious advantages and disadvantages Systemic barrier created by the system. Second is societal barrier which gives us society. Third is pedagogical barrier which gives us education. Systemic barrier is policies, practices or procedures that result in some people receiving unequal access and being excluded. We make it like this that disability is unequal access. We talk about reach but where is reach? Systemic barriers through learning are barriers created by the education system itself. We have made it ourselves. We are saying that typing speed is so much. For a disabled person, we have said that the disabled person who has some type of typing speed will also be able to do it. So we have not set a system as a barrier. So how will he participate equally? First is societal barrier. Like fear is in their mind. They feel awkward. They are worried. They are not interested. They become ignorant. So this is societal barrier. This is what the education system has created about pedagogical barrier. As a teacher or instructor, it is important to understand how adults learn which includes understanding learners' needs, motivation for learning, cycle of learning, characteristics of learning styles and the sequence in which learning needs to occur to be effective as a learner. When a teacher or instructor does not have this knowledge or fails to demonstrate it, it is considered a pedagogical barrier. First, we will talk about pedagogical barrier. If you would like to know a little bit about it, there is a topic of endrogology, there is a topic of utegology, there is a topic of pyragogical barrier, there is a topic of cyberlogical barrier. So what is endrogology? The higher education students who have not been able to learn about disability and have become adults, now they have to learn how to teach them. They have to learn how to teach children. If you teach an adult like a child, that means you are wrong, right? So in this way, these are three barriers. Systemic, societal and pedagogical. Then if we want to build an inclusive education system, then what things will be there? Systems, that is, commitment and resources across education ministries and throughout the schools. I have made such a decision that the ministries, schools, the rest of the schools are connected. Support for teachers and students working in learning and inclusive environment and for the children who are working, we will have to provide support. Cultural change. This is a cultural change that we should respect for diversity. We should respect for participatory learning. Partnership will not be done by schools alone. It will have to be done by parents, teachers, organizations of people with disabilities. And monitoring. We will have to see how things are changing, whether they have done better, how many things have been learned. We will have to make a second report. And the important thing, if we ask you, what is the importance of inclusive education? There is no shortage of importance. Educational case. All children learn more effectively. We will learn from all the good things. The normal thing is that if the disability is so big, then we have all the problems. If everything is going well, then we have to do better. And if there is any disability, then we can do at least this much. Okay? And economic case, it is cost effective and it contributes to a special education. You have to build a school, you have to recruit teachers. It was a very costly special education. And inclusive education is cost effective. The social case, it contributes to more inclusive societies. They are saying that you can get a social society. Will there be a social society as well? You will get a social justice. What else is there? All children, it promotes understanding. It ensures that children with disabilities are equipped to work. Apart from this, what does inclusive education promote? Participation in public life. In public life, everyone's participation will increase. Exercise of legal capacity. Work and employment. Adequate standard of living. So there are a lot of benefits. If we want to give an inclusive reflection of what is good and what is bad, then inclusive education has many strong proponents. But it has also drawn criticism. Many of these are going to speak in a different way. But it also has a problem. How? First, while some are insisting that all children can be successfully educated in this way. Other raise questions about the limits of inclusion and its ability to work well for everyone. Particularly, some children get into later elementary school and beyond. They are saying that we are assuming that we will teach everyone. But inclusion is also a limit. It does not work for everyone. Second concern which is a perennial challenge for all democratic institutions that strive for equality and fairness is how to balance needs of those who require extra attention and resources against the needs of typically developing children. A normal child who has extra attention how to balance how to complete the syllabus of the classroom is very difficult. Third concern has to do with the need for resources. There are so many resources. Schools and colleges and institutions do not have normal resources. If you want inclusive education then you will need more financial, material resources. You will need training. You will need a lot of support. So inclusion is not just about positivity. These are the shortcomings that are difficult. But overall inclusive education is the most progressive concept under the heading of special education. I have completed the concept of inclusive education and I hope that this topic will be more clear to you all. Thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe to my channel Explore Education and join my Telegraph Group too.