 NRF2 is a transcription factor that plays a key role in protecting cells from oxidative stress. It has been shown to activate the expression of genes involved in detoxification and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Recent studies have also revealed that NRF2 can affect cellular energy metabolism. This study demonstrates that NRF2 deficiency causes mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to decreased ATP production and impaired respiration. The authors found that NRF2 deficient cells rely on glycolysis to produce ATP, which is then used to maintain the mitochondrial membrane potential. They also showed that NRF2 deficient cells have reduced activity of the respiratory chain complexes, suggesting that NRF2 plays a critical role in maintaining proper mitochondrial function. This article was authored by Kira M. Holmstrom, Lee Embed, Ying Zhong, and others.