 Oxidized low-density lipoproteins, ox LDL, are a type of cholesterol found in the bloodstream that can cause damage to the arteries. This damage leads to the development of atherosclerosis, a condition where fatty deposits build up inside the artery walls. Ox LDL activates certain proteins on the surface of vascular wall cells, such as the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1, LOX1. LOX1 is responsible for the accumulation of ox LDL in the arteries, leading to further damage. LOX1 is also involved in the inflammation and proliferation of smooth muscle cells, which contribute to the narrowing of the arteries. LOX1 is highly expressed in atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting its role in the disease's progression. Researchers have developed methods to block the activity of LOX1, which could lead to new treatments for atherosclerosis. This article was offered by Angela Pirillo, Giuseppe Dunelow-Noata, and Albarico Luigi Cattopano.