 Hello everyone, and welcome to the Network of European Museum Organizations webinar, Museum Action for Climate Empowerment. My name is Elizabeth, and I work for NEMO. As the Network for Museums in Europe, our main activities are advocating for museums at EU level, providing training opportunities, providing a platform for museums to exchange and learn from one another, and helping museums to cooperate across borders. We're looking forward to today's special webinar, planned in line with the ongoing conference of parties ongoing in Egypt. Today's webinar will begin with an outline of NEMO's most recent survey and upcoming report on climate action, where I will be sharing the preliminary findings of our upcoming report. And then after that, we will be hearing from Henry McGee of Curating Tomorrow, who will dive deeper into the opportunities in policy development and capacity for action in museums. So I am, as I just said, going to go over some of the preliminary findings of the survey that we've conducted over the past year. The report is not out yet, but these are our main findings and the recommendations that we are basing on them. But before I dive into those findings and recommendations, I think it may be helpful to give a bit of perspective of where NEMO sees itself, where NEMO sees its role in addressing climates and museums. So NEMO believes in advocating for the instrumental role of museums in providing opportunities for decent work, poverty reduction, social resilience, gender equality, and other aspects relevant to the SDGs. Illustrating how museums and creative industries contribute to the realization of development targets by providing solutions in various contexts. Providing information about the different approaches that museums in Europe and around the world are taking to help make our world more sustainable. And by encouraging cooperation between museums and other players to form alliances on behalf of all citizens. So this survey is not our first engagement with the topic. I would argue that NEMO's strategic focus has actually involved quite a few elements of the SDGs for quite some time. However, it wasn't until 2019 that it took a sharper focus for us with our European Museum Conference 2030, sharing recipes for a better future. It was also at this conference that the Museums for Future initiative was launched. And we are still a member of that network as well as the Climate Heritage Network. We've taken part in voices of culture dialogues with the Commission on the topic. We are currently an EU climate pact ambassador. We've led workshops and webinars on the topic inviting experts in. And we've also collaborated and contributed with our members and partner networks on various events. For example, one that ended with the Bremerhaven Declaration. We maintain a page on our website with resources for the sector. And we also have the intention to soon submit to a self-evaluation of our office operations to make ourselves more sustainable. And then of course, what I'm going to be discussing with you for the rest of the time, our most recent action, our 2022 Europe-wide survey on the status quo of museums facing the climate crisis. So the survey itself saw almost 600 responses from 39 European countries. We opened it in April of this past year. And we focused on these topics listed here. However, we did limit our focus within those topics to the ecological impact, even though we realized that the true sustainable transition will require a much more holistic and intersectional approach. We did have to limit somewhat because we, of course, couldn't put a 500-page survey out to the sector. Yeah, but from this point now, I am going to be sharing with you the preliminary findings, what we consider to be the main findings, and the recommendations that we are basing off of those and putting towards policymakers and stakeholders at all levels. So we found that eight in 10 museums state that the UN Sustainable Development Goals are reflected in the museum's strategic plans. Now, of course, this is something that we were happy to learn because we do feel that that's one of the greatest opportunities for museums to contribute to the sustainable transition is their direct engagement with the public. And so the fact that this is already a priority is a great step in that direction. However, we do also take it with a grain of salt because the narrative has very often been when it comes to culture and climate that our cultural heritage and cultural heritage institutions are something simply to be protected in the entire discussion. And rightfully so, but we are not often enough considering how our cultural institutions can actually contribute towards, you know, creating solutions and supporting the sustainable transition. So with that in mind, we acknowledge and support the potential of museums as allies to help the public better understand climate change and to become more active. So I should also perhaps mention that this survey and report was also inspired by two surveys and reports that we did about the consequences of COVID-19 for the sector. And in that report, we did see, for example, when museums were increasing their digitalization efforts, they did not always have tools and measurements available to evaluate the success of those efforts. So we asked a similar question in this survey about museums sustainability or development towards more sustainable operations. And we learned that one in four museums report that they work either with internal criteria or external assessment frameworks to measure their sustainable efforts. So to that we recommend to ensure that guidelines, standards and reporting requirements reflect all aspects of museum work and are aligned to support sustainable goals. Now, we say specifically alignment here because also reflecting on some of the recommendations that came out of our COVID report, we consider it very important to take into mind and re-evaluate new measures of success for our museums. When we're considering climate specifically and sustainability, it's very important that the standards that we are holding our museums to are not then negating the requirements or the efforts that we're making to become more sustainable as a sector. So we learned that one in 10 museums are aware of local, regional or national climate policies that feature or address them. Now, of course, there are many more opportunities for museums to see themselves in these guidelines and recommendations being put forward. So we are recommending to increase communication between governing and funding bodies and museums, encouraging cooperation and to develop cohesive, comprehensive frameworks for museum work. That element of cooperation and communication I think is going to be extremely important moving forward as we're going to have to be making changes and it will be very important that the real work of museums are reflected in those changes. One of the comments that we received from any museums after I'm going through the survey was that many of the intentions to make operations or, for example, the house more sustainable, that those decisions were oftentimes outside the authority of the museum professionals themselves. So that's why this policy coherence and cooperation is going to be so important. And that, of course, also relates directly to infrastructure and making sustainable changes there as well. And I could have showed probably any of the graphs in our infrastructure section and it would have looked quite similar. But I chose this one that's two in 10 museums claim that they use a green energy supplier. And so here we are recommending to facilitate funds for investments in the infrastructure of museums so that buildings can be maintained in a more energy efficient, ecological and sustainable manner. And we discussed the funds here, of course, because this was one of the most selected impediments to becoming more sustainable. But then we also mentioned specifically that financial support should be streamlined and coupled with financial relief in consideration of the current energy crisis impacting museums across Europe. So we saw that less than one in 10 museums have completed an analysis about the challenges associated with climate change in their region. This is, of course, concerning because, you know, as much as we encourage climate action and, you know, adaptation mitigation, we are certainly past the point of full stop prevention. So it is going to be important to make an analysis of the risks that we are likely to face and prepare for those. So our recommendation we're putting forward is to invest in future citizen sustained access to European shared heritage by funding and encouraging risk assessment, adaptation and mitigation for museums. And here we also speak directly to the sector with a call to action to ensure the safety of collections, premises and functioning of museums for future generations by analyzing the climate associated risks applicable to them and their communities and consequently preparing for those risks. Under skills and training we saw that two and three museums report that they do not have sufficient knowledge about the SDGs and climate action within their organization. So here we recommend to allocate financial support to upskill and train staff to contribute to the museum's sustainable transition and to support society's overall just transition. Once again with a call to action to allow for internal and cost departmental staff training according to the position, task and field of action to facilitate change across museum departments. And then here, so this is the same graph that you just saw about the SDGs and I use this as the example here because we went and looked back at that question and quite a few others but only taking into consideration the smaller subject of museums answering the survey who also said that they were part of cultural networks that focus on climate change. And when we did that then the numbers of museum professionals who felt that their museum had sufficient knowledge about the SDGs increased quite a bit. It actually pretty much doubled. So I think this was quite an impact that we saw throughout and therefore we make the recommendation to fund global cross-sector climate-focused networks and umbrella organizations that address and enable mutual sharing of skills knowledge and expertise supporting and empowering the sector to address climate change. And we also have a call to action here to build alliances with other museums and cultural heritage organizations, open doors to external expertise and work with researchers, local communities and stakeholders to ensure that the museum establishes an effective network to support the sustainable transition in Europe. Now this finding I think is something that shares actually quite a bit of optimism. I think it's something that speaks far beyond our sector as well because and you know I think it's also something that we can really take to heart because climate change and making the adjustments to society that are necessary is such a massive challenge and personally I find it somehow reassuring that potentially our greatest strength is actually our willingness to lean on each other and to be transparent and work together on this. When we evaluated the various responses and then compared for different sizes of museums it did not make nearly as much of a difference as it did when we looked at the museums who are saying that they are working together in a network. So I think it's something we can be very optimistic about that our greatest strength is relying on one another. Yes and with that I would also say that the final report is hopefully coming out this month so you will find all of those findings plus much more that I didn't have time to get into. Yeah so thank you very much for your attention to our preliminary findings. So towards the end of this webinar session we are going to be reserving a bit of time for questions and answers. You can of course put your questions in the chat as they come to you either in regards to our survey or to the next session of this webinar. But I do want to start off just with a quick feedback from you on these preliminary results. So I would like to ask that after hearing those results do they resonate with you? Would you say that these results actually reflect the status in your organization as well? And the possible answers before you yes, no, I don't know or if perhaps you're not working in a museum at the moment then not applicable is also there. But yeah give another 30 seconds or so to answer this question. Great, interesting. So yeah I mean thank you very much for participating for your replies here. I think this subject is only going to grow in importance and you know we had the feeling with this survey that we were really at at a launching point kind of on a precipice for change of our sector. So taking that status quo is very important but it's going to be key that we continue this discussion moving forward. So now I would like to welcome on stage Henry McKee of Curating Tomorrow who actually also contributed a fantastic introduction to the report that's coming up later this month. Thank you again for that. Henry McKee has a background as an ecologist, a museum curator and manager. He set up Curating Tomorrow in 2019 to empower museums to contribute to sustainable development agendas including the SDGs, climate action, biodiversity conservation, and disaster risk reduction as well as human rights. He is a member of the ICOM Sustainability Working Group and works internationally with museums, museum organizations, and partners. He's been involved with the UN CCC since 2017 and was involved in the development of the Glasgow Work Program. Today, McKee will outline the Glasgow Work Program on action for climate empowerment and will also present a new guide on measuring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions developed in partnership with CO2 action, a US-based greenhouse gases accounting firm. So without further ado I will let you take it from here, Henry. Thank you. Okay, thank you Elizabeth. Thanks for the introduction and if we could have the slides please. Okay, great. So I'm going to talk about a few different things but really about how do we bridge the gap between policy agendas and on-the-ground action if we think about it that way in museums and cultural institutions. And so it's been great to have the opportunity to be here with you today because we wanted to get across the idea that climate action is not just for COP which we see is on the news and it kind of saturates the news for about two weeks in November each year but COP is also extremely mysterious thing and it's essentially it's a political pro process. We have to think that although the agreements may be made there the action really takes place in small places close to home to take Eleanor Roosevelt's famous words. Climate empowerment, climate action, takes place in communities, in schools, in museums, in villages, in towns everywhere around the world. And so that's why I've put the two images here next to one another SDG 13 from the Sustainable Development Goals to take urgent climate action to address climate change and its impacts and to think about you know any small museum because any small museum, big museum, museum organization can take part in climate action and that's what I'm going to talk about today. And I'd also like to emphasize that climate action and climate empowerment is not just about empowering the museum it's about using the museum as a catalyst and a tool and a platform to empower others and so the way that I work is that I write a series of open access guides that you can get easily from either my website or from my blog that circulate quite widely and I'll just talk about some of these. So museum collections and biodiversity conservation I wrote back in 2019 with a grant from the British Ecological Society asking biodiversity managers and conservationists around the world what is it that they need from museum collections and then you'll see that there are three guides here about the sustainable development goals and different aspects of them because they are an amazing framework that help to achieve the many different human rights conventions agreements environmental agreements that have been made over the last 70 years but which are not which are not being met governments are not doing enough the sustainable development goals help bring all of these together and also give us a goal-based approach to achieving them together so much more of a inclusive process that any museum and any person can take part in. Museums and disaster risk reduction sounds a bit scary but it's about a planning approach which is about building resilience and I wrote this in the context of the COVID pandemic and it aims to help build resilience in museums themselves but also to mobilise museums to support resilience building in their communities and of course this relates very much to climate change. I wrote museums and human rights also in 2020 to try to help museums understand how their activities can relate to the different human rights agreements and also how they can use human rights based approaches to make transparent and effective decisions that are not just about the whim of the museum but are actually based on some kind of some kind of rationale some kind of framework but the three which I'll speak mostly about today are the three in the bottom right hand side there so I'll talk firstly about mobilising museums for climate action then I'll talk about action for climate empowerment with the tartan cover and then I'll talk about measuring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and as I say these are all available for for free and we'll post the links afterwards on the on the Nemo website. So let's just think about climate change and climate change is not a thing of the future. Climate change is here now so already we have an estimated 150,000 people dying each year of climate impacts is just horrendous and on top of that we could think about the 7 million people who die each year from breathing polluted air especially from burning dirty fuels in their home to to cook with kerosene and so on. We can take the figure that a million species and whenever you see the figure a million is a very round number it basically means an awful lot. A million species of plants and animals at risk of extinction if climate change is not addressed. We see that climate change impacts very seriously on peace and stability and with increasing climate impacts the challenges get bigger and we have the figure from the IPCC which assesses scientific evidence on behalf of the United Nations. It has the estimate that roughly half almost half of the world's population are highly vulnerable to climate change. These are terrible terrible figures that we that we need to we need to we just need to do something about. But when we talk about mitigation and adaptation they mean particular things and one of the challenges with climate changes that some of the language can be a bit complicated or or it means very particular things. So climate mitigation means reducing greenhouse gas emissions and it also means strength strengthening nature's ability to remove them from the atmosphere. So climate mitigation usually means moving away from fossil fuel use, changing the standards and practices that we use that that that that use energy reducing waste and reducing transport use and climate adaptation is different it means that we have to learn to adapt to live with with climate impacts and we have to not just survive we need to find ways to thrive. Now very often these are thought of in terms of the structural options in terms of how we modify our buildings or they might be institutional options such as laws and policies but really arguably the biggest option for climate adaptation is through education it's through awareness raising it's about and it can also mean for instance that museums may need to move they may they may need to to physically move but social options are arguably the most important aspect of climate adaptation because if people don't want to do something they never will and if they don't know how to do it they will never be able to. So these are roles that museums can play and so here's a really simple blueprint for climate action both in museums and with museums. So it's down to five actions like the five fingers on your on your hand four fingers in the thumb so we can think about those two main planks mitigation and adaptation but we can also think about climate action as part of wider sustainable development. So firstly to support mitigation across society to support those with big emissions to reduce them and we should also not expect those with small emissions to reduce theirs if we're not reducing our own. We should also look at museums reducing their own carbon emissions and other greenhouse gas emissions at least in line with the requirements of the Paris Agreement and these will be challenging targets to meet but they need to be met that's just that's a fact of life. We can also look at how museums can support communities and other sectors to adapt and we can also look at how they can support nature to adapt to both current and future climate impacts but also museums need to have a plan for their own survival. They look after society's cultural heritage they need to have a plan to make sure that that is protected and can be usable in the future and the last one is to make sure that climate action is fair as I mentioned before it's just not fair to ask those who have contributed very little to do most of the work that's just not fair. We also need to make sure that the climate actions are part of broader sustainable development that they help address inequality that they help reduce poverty these things are because these things are very much connected and so in the mobilising museums for climate action toolkit which we produced for COP26 a year ago it sets out a lot of the essentials of climate change and climate action including some background on the Paris Agreement and lots of tools in terms of sets of questions to help you plan your own action understand where you are now where you want to get to to understand the essential knowledge of climate impact mitigation and adaptation as well as how climate change and climate action relate to human rights and what we call climate justice. It also sets out some of the different educational approaches that can support climate action such as education for a sustainable development ocean literacy futures literacy these are all these are all great approaches that that anyone can make use of. It talks about how nature can be part of the solution but it can only ever be part of the solution people also need to do a lot of the work and it aims to help signpost you towards lots of the opportunities the different tools reports platforms resources to help you take effective and ambitious climate action and so this was just to give you an example of how we can use museums in a slightly different way. So for COP26 a team of us led by Rodney Harrison and Colin Sterling working with myself and Glasgow Science Centre we launched a competition ahead of COP26 asking people anywhere to say well how can we reimagine the museum to be a place that can support climate action and so we have a website for this with about 80 of the great ideas that we got from around the world and eight of those ideas were exhibited at COP26 so the idea here comes from a team in Brazil who work with local communities who don't have a primarily material culture you know a material approach to culture their culture is much more rooted in oral traditions and storytelling so they imagined very tiny and very temporary museums not actually as tiny as this because these are these are just models but like a little tent like a little yurt that could move around the community they would they'd be made of renewable materials sustainable materials very low environmental impact and there's a really nice image shown on the right hand side there that looks across from this model across to where the COP26 conference of the parties was held last year so this is what we're trying to do is to look at the to negotiate the space between policy agreements and people's lives but let's talk about well what does the Paris Agreement have to do with museums anyway well if we think back to the the the kind of the grandparent of the Paris Agreement it's called the Framework Convention on Climate Change it's 30 years old this year it was one of the three conventions agreed at the Rio Earth Summit and within the Framework Convention it has an article Article 6 which talks about the importance of education so that everyone has the knowledge motivation and skills to take climate action training of crucial of key members of staff so that everyone knows and is able to direct their work to contributing to to climate action again public awareness of government's commitments of local action and so on public access to information so that everyone can access information on the state of the environment and information to help them take climate action that they want to take and international cooperation on climate change matter and there's one that's missing here is public participation which is to make sure that everyone can take part in decision making around climate change and these six things are what we call action for climate empowerment ace for short but these six things are not just there by accident these the six things are there because they relate to very well established human rights the right to education the right to decent working conditions the right to information the right to participate in cultural life these are all well established from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights from 1948 and we have a new program to support this in work which was agreed in Glasgow last year called the Glasgow Work Programme on Action for Climate Empowerment and it even mentions the important role that museums and cultural institutions can play in this work and so I won't read through all of the list here but just to show that there are so many ways that museums can contribute to climate action of course collections are a kind of fundamental resource that can be put to many different uses the very many public opportunities for public engagement public education bringing people together youth forums how people can meet with local officials who are working on climate related decisions supporting their staff making sure their their buildings reduce their emissions moving to green energy and we could also say in the context of the energy crisis how they may reduce their energy use because it seems that that not not so many institutions are actually reducing their energy use how to improve insulation and energy efficiency how they can reduce waste promoting green travel both for visitors and for staff supporting green causes of all kinds dropping fossil fuels which are wrecking the planet prioritising human rights and green procurement taking up sustainable tourism as an approach which is a whole a whole thing sustainable tourism is a whole thing making sure that they support green investments and taking part in participation in partnerships and much much more there are loads of ways to take climate action we just need to perhaps choose a few and and do it and so thinking about some of the things that elizabeth spoke about before the findings from the NEMO survey we already have a fantastic blueprint to help answer many of those challenges many of those problems and this is called the Glasgow work program on action for climate empowerment so that i wrote a guide on this i wrote as quick as i could after COP26 because i wanted people to be able to to take part in it it's got the tartan inspired covered for a bit of a cultural heritage link so this runs from 2021 till 2031 so it runs for the next nine years now and it builds on the six aspects of action for climate empowerment that i spoke about previously it says there are some additional things that we need in addition to having you know education training public awareness public participation we need four kind of priority areas of action we need to make sure that we have effective policies that support climate action and we can think about this in relation to the museum sector as well so for instance how can museum policies be changed so that climate action isn't a kind of add-on or a separate policy but is part of the way that we think about all of our activities coordinated action is about saying that none of us can do this work on our own and we need to learn really really fast from one another and we also are much more effective if we work together so if there are roughly 95 000 museums in the world imagine if all of them could use some kind of common goals common framework tailored to local circumstances cultural contexts and so on and local aspirations what communities want and and desire for their for their own future could be just amazing so it's like the balance between the kind of universalism of the agreements such as the paris agreement and tailoring them to the local situation how can we learn from one another how can we share tools and support from events such as this and of course organizations such as nemo can play such a crucial role and how can we make sure that any goals or commitments that we make are effectively talked about not just so that we can monitor and evaluate our activity so that we do it better next time but so that we can hold ourselves to account and be held to account by others so if we say we're going to do something we should do it but we should also tell others what we've done so that so that we can build some trust between museums the work of climate action and communities so that we can be more effective in all of this work and so just to mention quickly another guide that i've written with a partner called co2 action who are a us-based firm of carbon accountants because one of the big challenges for museums is understanding well what impact do they have how can they think about their their emissions because people often get a bit confused and so greenhouse gas accounting is a standard approach to measure and report the relevant emissions so that we can make informed decisions but it also helps us do it in a consistent way it helps us communicate our progress and action transparently with both the successes and the challenges and we should try to be as accurate as possible and the reason that we wrote this is because of course there are many museums are measuring their emissions but we want to go from kind of emerging practice to good practice so what sources of emissions should be included and why and so the guide helps to explain the principles of measuring emissions how the three scopes and categories that make up how we how we assess emissions how they link to museum work and it tries to give some worked examples for each of the scopes and categories and it gives you some suggested activities to reduce your emissions and so for instance we can think about the activities of a museum in terms of the energy that they use the the emissions that they produce on site both from burning fossil fuels or from the leaks of refrigerants and so on we can think about the emissions embodied in the goods that they purchase and make use of the waste that they dispose of but also to think in a the broader sense about the impact of their operation the visitor travel which is certainly part of a museum's emission profile and so on and where their investments go and so the guide aims to try to help you understand this in a concrete way and we also were very keen that people could understand emissions from start to end it's rather easy to get some numbers and put them into a a spreadsheet and get a result at the end but if you don't understand it then that's that's rather rather meaningless we want people to to have more confidence and so just to summarize what we would aim for what would be fantastic to see would be if you could look to reduce your emissions and help others reduce theirs make sure that you can adapt to climate change and help other people do the same but basically to build a world that is fairer that protects nature and is better than the one that we inherited and to do so we need to work together so that's the that's the end of my my presentation but if anyone wants to get in contact with me of course that would be it'd be great to hear from you so so thank you and I will close the presentation and now I have two questions that I'd like to pose to you just as Elizabeth did before so if we could have the first question please is how ambitious do you think Nemo should be in supporting climate action and so it'd be great to get as many votes as possible and by ambitious we can think of aiming to achieve a really big result a really focused result a really locally relevant results and trying to trying to mobilize the potential of museums as much as we possibly can so that they're operating at full capacity and Nemo as a museum organization of course has many many opportunities to support its members and their current and potential partners to take part in climate action okay good thank you and can we move to the second question please okay great so we can see from this poll perhaps not surprising that many of you are very committed to contributing to climate action through your work or committed and perhaps not so unsurprising that there's no one who's not committed is here because you wouldn't give give your time up but just to say as well so people have an idea of who is is here we have there are over 120 people here in fact we have 200 people here is fantastic and so to say that there are so many people who are interested in this activity they just need to find one another and so one of the great things that we've had through the the terrible COVID experience is with the growth of using video conferencing and webinars and so on it's much easier to find people who are interested in the same things as Elizabeth said there are the different networks that you're encouraged to join and if you if you're in an organization you want it to do more just ask it tell it what it is that you want to do and we can see what happens so so that's the end of my presentation so thank you and then we can move to the Q&A I think yes absolutely Henry thank you so much for this wonderful presentation we've already had quite some questions flowing through the chat and I also want to mention there's also been quite some resources that have been submitted into the into the chat as well some interesting ongoing projects and so we are going to be collecting those links and sharing them with you as this presentation will also be shared online later so don't worry that content will not just disappear with the end of today but I would like to address some of the the questions that came up earlier and then we'll just move through so go ahead and continue submitting as they come up but just perhaps a quick response to somewhat of a more practical direct question about the survey that came up from Mike Edson thank you regarding my comment about the the NEMO survey and that we found that networks had a larger impact than size of museums when it comes to climate action so just to to clarify how we found that out basically what we did while managing for the different number of museums that had answered the survey we went back and looked and compared the responses from self-identified you know smaller midsize and larger museums and then looked at various questions for example on training that was made available on awareness of the SCGs various different aspects throughout the survey and then we also looked specifically at the group of museums that were involved in cultural networks focused on climate change and then again went back to those questions about you know training available about awareness about you know action and analysis of risks and these kinds of things to see if size made a difference to see if networking made a difference so this wasn't something that we just decided to say simply because we are a network this is something that we saw through the data that being said I will also be transparent and say that it wasn't a huge amount of museums that self-identified as being involved in networks focused on climate change so it was definitely a smaller subset of the respondes but that's also an opportunity there's an opportunity to grow those numbers of museums that are working together because obviously it makes a difference in our confidence when we approach these massive challenges together so just just responding to that technical bit there was also however a question about getting your museum involved in in this conversation in this action and I think in perhaps this was addressing my presentation earlier but I think this is something that you and I Henry could both respond to I think you're perhaps even more equipped to to respond to this my my small reply though would be that because you know you mentioned sorry Andreas I think I might be pronouncing your name wrong you mentioned that it's not so much of a priority amongst the team right now and so I imagine that that in and of itself presents quite a challenge because you know you're going at it alone you may feel at this point but you're absolutely not alone because there is a huge international network that you can reach out to I would say so I I would encourage the first step being to you know connect with members even outside of your museum other museum professionals learn how they you know engaged in this conversation took those first few steps because I think it really helps when you do have you know some support behind you but Henry if you would like to respond to that so I think for me that the what I tend to do is like I think about sustainable development rather than sustainability because sustainability can become a bit kind of fixated on how resources are used sustainable development is a bit different of course it's partly how sustainable resources are used but it's also much more broadly about the impacts that we make on the world so I think what can be helpful is to gather a small number of people in your organization together who are interested in this topic who are in different teams and then to have a discussion about well where does our work make a difference not just thinking within the organization so it might be that it's about a town or a village or a community and then you would say okay well what are the social environmental and economic challenges there and how do we currently help those address those challenges but how do we also contribute negatively towards them because sustainable development is about the two things it's about how we do more of the good stuff and we reduce our negative impact and I think by by taking the external focus is much more effective than starting from a rather what can be almost slightly selfish thinking of how the the organization can continue or so on so so find some other people decide on a common context and then explore what the challenges are there and how you can address them that would be my advice yeah very well said so let's see um I think this was quite specific to your presentation Henry um we have a question from Alessandra um who is asking for some examples of scopes one two and three in a museum yeah so so um um greenhouse gas emissions are mostly made up of carbon dioxide but not only carbon dioxide so also methane nitrous oxide um and three three or four refrigerant very powerful refrigerant grat gases that museums will be using in their either refrigerators or their air handling units but we measure emissions in what are called three scopes and the scopes depend on how much control you have over them so the first scope is the production of emissions at your site so either from burning oil or coal or gas um or from the vehicles that you own and from the emissions that come out of their exhausts that those are scope one emissions scope two emissions come from the utilities that you purchase so um from the production of your electricity mostly so if you purchase your electricity from someone who is powered by windmills that's great if you purchase your electricity from someone who is using a coal fired power station that's very bad but those are part of your emissions scope three is the most complicated bit it's called the voluntary emissions but it's most for most organization it's most of their emissions and so unfortunately for museums and most of their emissions for most museums will come from their visitor travel because visitors will have to drive and they or they might be international tourists and because they're in relatively huge numbers so the the three scopes help us to think about all of our activities and put them into a standard scheme so they were developed not just for the cultural sector but for for any kind of organization but there is a very very solid scheme um but that it's explained more in in the in that guide that I mentioned wonderful thank you um sorry I'm trying to also keep track of the incoming questions um but uh yes thank you for a bit of the detailed examples of the different scopes because sometimes um you know all the numbers flying around it is kind of difficult to keep track of what we're actually talking about um so we have another question here about connecting and combining climate with social sustainability in museums um how how best to do that um I think this is uh something perhaps we can both um respond to um I think I mean well I think we can both respond to it but we probably won't cover everything because I feel that there are so many opportunities um and in fact uh I think as I said earlier in in the in the presentation while our survey focused on ecological components um in reality a true sustainable transition for the sector um is going to involve a lot more than that it is also going to involve social sustainability um and support for our communities um just a few things that come to mind um you know because we are very often talking about uh engagement um with audiences and education and um in that regard I think making connections between uh colonialism and climate change capitalism um you know just uh the systemic structures involved I think uh making those links is um is a great opportunity I think uh as mentioned earlier as well um supporting dignified sustainable work opportunities um incorporating more diverse experiences um and also just uh you know as Henry was mentioning earlier taking you know a localized focus and finding out what what forms of support is going to be necessary in the community that the museum is within um but these are just some of the the links that come to mind for me when we're talking about climate and and the social section and uh what museums can do or yeah but uh Henry if you want to also respond to that yeah sure yeah because um I mean one of the the common kind of mis misconceptions that people have is that the Paris Agreement is an environmental agreement that's partly true but it's really a social justice agreement it's about very you know the climate change is a huge problem but it's a symptom of a much deeper and much more sinister problem which is about a basically very unequal totally unsustainable use of the of our shared um natural heritage and so as I mentioned in the the action for climate empowerment you know it includes the six things education training public awareness and so on that these are human rights but one of the big problems we have one people hardly even know what human rights they have two consequently we're never gonna get them and three the institutions who could be supporting people with their rights are rather unaware even what the rights are that we're talking about and we unfortunately we could include museums in this that when you know this program is 30 years old even when the last iteration of the international council of museums code of ethics was done which I think is in 2002 it still talked about a rather narrow set of interests for museums which were about cultural heritage and copyright and a few other things so museums are quite behind but they're not unique in this you know lots of sectors are behind so rights-based approaches are a really fantastic tool because they're about acknowledging people have rights that institutions that can support those rights should really fulfill that public duty and that's actually how the institutions will be more effective and so I think this is one of the ways that we can think of climate environmental justice and social justice as really parts of the same the same thing and as it says in the sustainable development goals you know we we can't just think about these problems as being like separate boxes you know an environmental topic and a social topic we see that with with covid that these things are so tightly connected together we have to always be thinking about the social environmental and economic conditions together so that would be my answer thank you so much yeah you know I think what you said about taking the human rights approach I think that's extremely important but also an opportunity perhaps for for individuals who maybe are having a hard time bringing forward the relevance into their institutions because I mean simply the the different framework the different perspective which is still extremely valid could could perhaps be really helpful and also I think I would like to also underline what you said as well about this being a symptom of a much larger problem because I believe earlier I've lost it now in the chat but earlier I believe it was from Johanna Leisner who was the main researcher for the wonderful ONC report that came out earlier this year which I highly recommend everyone here commented on the need to be focusing on you know the the cause the the emissions the the oil and gas companies really we are facing such a massive need to make systemic change systemic changes in our society so it's it's quite a task in front of us but as you said earlier it is simply a fact of life that it is something we need to do and we need to do together so yeah um with that we are just a couple minutes over so I would like to thank you so much for taking the time with us today Henry it's always such a pleasure and thank you all as well everyone for joining us we yeah we hope to see you again again soon so yeah with that um thank you so much have a good afternoon good luck with your climate action everyone thank you thanks for coming