 We make the only good English translation of this novel, which is, restores all the text, and then adds about another third in annotations about how bad the last one was screwed up, in fact. The way the old one also makes you feel bad for it, by the end. So, in 1952, Disney makes a film of 20,000 things under the sea, and all this thing was, like, always obsessed with your word, if you didn't get that, but this was really close to this part. And so, he went all in, and, yeah, the film came out in 1952, it was re-released in theaters in 1963, and it was re-released in theaters again in 1971, because that's a shame you can get away with, with more video. I love it as a side, I love it. Here's the rest, German poster, where, like, James Mason almost looks like he's standing on Kurt's shoulder, and I love the comparison between this one and the Eastern one. Alright, so, in 1959, in Disneyland, here in California, the suffering voyage ride opened, which originally was going to have people, Disney wanted it to be 20,000 things under the sea ride, but a summoner, you know, a summoner, a summoner sponsored them, and so the sufferings ended up building like they're sufferings. And so, but he always wanted to make the 20,000 things under the sea ride. So, a couple years later, in 1971, in Disney World, in Florida, we get 20,000 things under the sea ride. Now, you can see there's some slight similarity between those posters. I love this topic. We lived half D.D. Muslim adventure, journey through liquid space. Who uses the term liquid space on a regular basis? Okay, so, I went on the 20,000 things under the sea ride once in my entire life, when I was four years old, which was my only trip to Disney World, possibly. And all I remember is bubbles, I mean, a porthole, of course, all these bubbles, and all I got was Jetsuit attacking that submarine, and again, I guess it was the rest of my life. But now I can tell you a lot more about how that ride, which was super dramatic, and yet the time worked. This is a great shot at it from above. You can see that there's like, there's several different subs, they're going on this concrete track through the moon, and then they go into an interior area, and they obviously don't actually submerge. The effect was sort of realized by having these bubble generators. But according to guys who ride this ride, they'll literally no less than one person have a complete full organic attack every time. Despite that, like, you can just go like this and see the surface of the water. But the thing I love about this ride, and of course, I'm telling you all about Disney, just how much is invested into the presentation. Like, this is what you see when you're not riding the ride, and you're just waiting to ride the ride, like the Miss World, and it really feels like, oh, here we are, we're changing the aisle. And, you know, the guys who differ members, who I'll call 20Kers, when they all have, like, pretty much, they're the coolest dudes working in Disney World. You know, they have this really cool uniform. And, you know, you can see the person driving your stuff in the same layer. And, okay, so to give you guys a bit of a speech about what this ride is like, I have a very cut-down, kind of four-minute supercut of a ride through the ride, that you will be pretty much to see right now. So, that's where the video sounds. That's real. That actually happens in real life. Now, this, the sea circuit, and we're made to, we're not going to walk. This is going to stop Disney with it. This is going to stop Walt. So, here we have a great aerial view of the outdoor portion here, and this whole warehouse is the, you know, the dark ride portion of it. So, there were 12 submarines. It's crazy to think that there's two of everything, because, you know, people are on both sides of the submarine, so every kind of diorama soon planned out, is actually planned out on both sides of the submarine. We've got 11.5 million gallons of water filled this thing, because it was an expressly-forbid of permanent from the top over. They've got pump water from the ocean or something. And this makes it even crazier to the original point of flight size for this thing. Like, the Disney hubris knows new things. So, let's go behind the scenes and see what it looks like to drive one of these things. Right here where, like, some guest is pissing off their captain by trying to take an up-skirt shot at him while he's up in the sail there. And this is what he's looking at. Pretty conventional controls. These drawings you can find on my website. This was drawn up for me by a guy who used to work on the ride, how, like, and what everything does. But it's basically the radio and, you know, most of the controls are controlled by the auditor. Inside the dark portion, you have these really cool catwalks, which were basically for evacuations if they needed to happen. And it was one of the best places to get busy. And if they worked, it is more of a private time to do repairs on it because they needed so much maintenance. This thing, I don't know how terrible it actually was, after a fresh paint job, this lasted, I think, all about two days before the Florida sun discredited. Well, you see me, you know, you can see about here, like, walk down the gang line. There was one person doing the auto-estimation, and one fell square-wards in the face. And he was down. All right, so the submarine, the rubber states were, they were actually seaworthy, and they were produced in a shipyard down in Florida there. They weighed 40 tons, and each, they were 40 feet long, and they each held 38 passengers. They were completely seaworthy. If you put one of these things in the ocean, you could steer, but you could go. And these diagrams, the bumper system, they weren't in the concrete track, and these sort of things are widely done. This is Bob Kerr, the imaginary design submarine, with a prototype control system that wasn't actually used to design accidents from the heart. There's Bob up back in us, okay, I don't know, thousands of years ago, about to do the champagne smash as the subs came out of the warehouse there, and actually drove them through the streets of Orlando, which was something we all missed. Unfortunately. But the attention to detail, this ride is absolutely amazing. Here, they're all playing a lot of stuff. They have these stash, they made their old fiberglass points for Atlantis, although later they will just start developing these New Orleans mine rock planes in there. Okay, so let's go back. There was one boy there who worked out for a week, and then she was like, fuck off this ride. This is a boy's club. So early, early crew members would get this awesome cure hat came with Bob in, because so many of them were disappearing. But it was a prestige issue in this position. This is Burke, who has been, so much of what we're seeing was supplied to me by Burke. He's like a totally sweet guy, so into his time there. He's giving us a hand signal for his great time, partner stuff, giving me lunch. Burke is one of the few people, every one of them had a nickname. Burke's nickname was Vass, which was because he commented on a bunch of times that the Vass in his mouth wasn't moving properly. But basically these were a bunch of boys. Burke, who were responsible for the harm to the Knights of the Blacks pervert, in which they would pass around. I love this one. Specializing in 9-1-4 pursuit, what that means is 9-1-4 was the regular code for a hot girl, and 9-1-3 was the regular code for our coaching team to be of interest. Apparently it was not even a comment to hear of the radio, 9-1-4 was the word about the rear spurred duck. Cancel that, cancel that. 9-1-3, 9-1-3. These guys had a, he juggled Bruce's crew, had a suspect on his people crew. In 9-1-4, this happened. What's wrong with this picture? The water is too still. They never were down still, the water was being closed. They were just like, oh, we're going to do a few things. And then, after the subsistence here, which was a little curious, and then a statue of Triton on a little burning show was pretty ominous. And then we're used to waiting long, now we can wait long to have a picture taken in the aerial. And then that was pretty much a statue over 10 years. So I'm going to imagine that the possibility that for 10 years all of those roadblocks were down in the water, riding, silently waiting to haunt our dreams. So in 2004, Triton disappeared, and a wall, a green wall, around the entire building, it was drained, focusing on this amazing lunar landscape. Everything inside was dead, of course. And what you're about to see are some amazing shots that I've seen through this ride for years, according to what was sent to me by an anonymous guy on a dental chip who had great risk of his own life, safety, and you don't get dizzy on that. So he walked this track and took pictures and sent that into me after it had been drained. Again, that question all the time was like, were those roadblocks sitting down there for 10 years? This actually was a split out to the rear spurred up, but the answer is, yes, all the stuff was down there, lying under the water, becoming the coolest thing. I mean, for those of you who have ever been ruined, it's like, how do you do this? And yes, this dude, the remains disappeared, no one knows what happened to that. I do know a guy who has this around his head where it's attached. And you can see here both the scale of the two squids and just how crazy it is to move it like that. The novelist that this one was rapping on didn't quite make it. Same title also has that squids eye for his couch. And then they just came in with the bulldozers and just trashed all of it. Most of it broken down, pieces salvaged by a few workers. And then the same with all of this, it was concrete and so it all gets demolished, flattened, and in 2005 we have who's playing this part? But there's a charming little lodge where you go inside the main door of this tree and up behind it several people right here like, you just set me up a fool's errand. Now inside, turn around and look back, you can't actually think of this anymore because this has been torn down, but in and not above the tree was a little like all of us in the work which was nice. Right, let's just look past that though and what happened all those days, they went to the bowling yard while I got a top for a long time and yes, there's a bowling yard where all the grindtops have even retired or go and you should not try to sneak in there because they like the snipers just shoot at you. But you got a lot of these so it's more like hanging around back there. And then tools and pieces from there started to show up on eBay and this is the moment in my bathroom which was actually given to me by a family and then the salvage guys there's this huge business around disney and park salvage and so literally all of these started to show up on eBay as every little weird part started to show up on eBay disney himself started to sell this no matter what king look at that here these are two slivers of pork old brass shagely shagely bubble that you could pay $200 more you could also buy for a place you can see me on eBay the piece of the diet showed up on eBay I got an email from a woman who almost wanted me to shut up saying would you like to buy it before go on eBay for $800 I said no thank you she said how about $35 on your desk no thank you I need to give you to spend that much money on a ball too sharp a couple of the um like the fiberglass tops that ever showed up around this was in a queue at Janice Studios I wanted a pop center to this day you have this child taking around which they'll roll out for conferences and stuff like that but most exciting ball and I don't know why they gave it red but two of the subs were shipped down to disney's Caribbean resort island yes they owned their own island called castaway and put down into the snorkel room and then for a couple of years people said they couldn't find it and bought some storage in washington away but then a fan of the site said these pictures went down so merged it's freaking awesome and so here's a little video clip that you shot oh for some reason it's going to fail often but so I would never really um and he also stuck his hand in one of the portals of this picture the sailor okay so the moment of silence for the rest of the space journey ever but why did we have to let this go it's a huge question people are not aware of maybe this was a it was some very water is awful stuff it ruins everything and so keeping this thing just catching it up and keeping it running the movie thing was getting a little tired it certainly wasn't capturing America's imagination the way it was there's a possibly apocryphal tale where the people who wanted the rock shut and gave over to the CEO a tour where he said I'll check out this I'll check it out and they purposely dumped all this extra water it shows the most belching some there was and really just made it look even more hopeless than it was and we can relate that but trying to keep things on if you go to Tokyo there's a really fun Jules Byrne there's a whole way to come out there's so much fun stuff Paris has a walkthrough of the novice which is pretty good so the question I also have to ask a lot is why does your bathroom look like this how do you get so so I actually have one without a fair amount of thought and here's what I come up with that like when you are free or when you're very young I feel like there's this very special window that you're exposed to certain things that come when I stick into the crawl of your imagination in a way that closes later it's called the wonder window and I also don't think it's a coincidence and I also think if I had to go back in time is that 25 or whatever forgive me but I also think if you look at a lot of pieces of fiction that really like all of us can remember they had a woman that scared the f**k out of you like that's a really important part of life the things that scare us as small children is also a part of the thing that inspires those people and for me it was this I literally had a nightmare for years as a child imagine a small boy floating in the water there he's not in an attack they're just dead over there it's the previous thing ever and I'll leave you with this great little sign from the Tokyo attraction what is this? down to the chair all the time there was this lick in the back where there were serious accidents and they jumped the track if you go to the website they have some great stories like a sub that went the right way and they threw a rope over it thinking like oh slow down which actually was totally stupid just snapped a dental floss and whipped it away and ripped someone's mouth and they hit them but the subs would collide and then one of them would jump the track and it would be there and especially towards the end it's like these allergies you know that? their fizzle was surrounded by lies margarine what would they just make fun of? he asked why did they use real water? why is it not water? why would they actually do something where you look and make a thing? well here's the thing because they were like if we can this boat yard is already set up to make it's gotta be water proof it's gonna be in water so in some ways they were like we'll just make it as robust as we could we'll stick to normal stuff and if you ask me how to fix boats and fix these things as well because the Tokyo ride has an effect where they have there's two layers of plexiglass and bubbles the whole rest of the ride is not under water and they have some good lighting effects and again I don't think we're going to have a camp attack on that ride until again there's something so crazy and goofy that you're actually under water that I think that's something we you know the Disneyland now well it's not having that animal ride they have these couple of cameras and stuff but they don't have a animal and one more thing the question is why is the California one option when Disney, the story is when Disney was starting out he needed a lot of money to get a Disneyland operational and why did that take 20,000 years to see ride but then someone had a deal where like an actual submarine company was going to sponsor it for their name to be because even though there was a lot of boards whirling for cars in the future so that sort of like connected content essentially the answer is because a submarine company came for it and why did the submarines look like their submarines and they wanted their name on it so that's why and if you look at videos of the ride here it's exactly the same thing like with that crazy dragon and mermaids all that came from the geckos and the world and they just kind of shoorn it into the one out before they and then later on they like after a whole board of painted subs yellow from gray there's no more subs there's no more research subs but oh I had two more they could have about about I believe a don't want it anymore and this is another reason you could not you just could not move the same number of people through this like encode those things put two people on one car you had to load the thing up seal it and someone has to bag it get him out he's probably not for everyone else you know and it just was like despite that world you just couldn't move people through that and so we do have all these subs we have one bike with colors so they don't stop on a deadline but the reason they hatched was the presumption that someone might be in an operation and a couple more would be parked and spurred out last question did I see this it was super fun what was the evacuation procedure he asked it happened several more times they were just like put the engine thing oh well so sometimes they might push that sub but there were points particularly in the dark area where they could pull up to a certain spot and they never thought you'd have to like crawl up through the staircase you know those catwalks but as far as I can stop getting the loom to my knowledge they never were like can we do it that water was so I mean Burt once went swimming in that water his underwear with another guy and he said they came out of their table and were like so sick but I mean worth it because they were like you have to see two men they're underwear but they had that hollow over there and that was worth it but yeah it was not pleasant so another issue that's it for today if not because we got plenty of the bar got some food and I talked to the other Americans they have an urban assembly class on Wednesday I'm going to be taking them to safety mess just to show you so be sure to check out we'll be back in 10 minutes so we'll talk about that I'll share with you very embarrassing pictures of them in your college I won't actually do that because I'm working at Geek and he is talking about Scrabble and Scrabble is fantastic maybe you may have seen some movies from Churchill and Friends it was interesting to me about the various Scrabble witnesses out there are the politics and how many something that goes into them first of all in the kind of Scrabble witness there are 13 words that you can actually play even if you have both my towels where they are you might be welcome to get them because you can't play them unless you have the words the Scrabble playlist are also kind of weird because we've extricated them if there are any jury words square words we're not going to count the word ours or ours or any of this but you want to play family game interesting name King Bang was one of the words that went off the Scrabble list apparently there was a bunch of news about King Bang Scrabble was a bit out of it but Scrabble was talking a little bit more about him he did try to make a something more about a game called Albert's other game and despite his young girlfriend it didn't become a commercial success it didn't power the game called one of the greatest four games to have in the United States I'm here to tell you a lot more about the Scrabble and the Scrabble hey guys, I'm Cesar thank you Rick and Rick for this together and that's just going to talk to you today about Scrabble and this is past day of middle of the year and it's interesting as I do so Albert let's create this game in the high degree proportion he was actually out of work he was an architect and he wanted to create a game that combined elements from animating, chance and crosswords and he decided to create this game he came upon the word a title distribution by painfully navigating the New Year times and figuring out the distribution of words and what the latter frequencies were and from that he was able to create a distribution of 100 letters and thought it was pretty representative of the English language ever since he created it's sold over 150 million copies worldwide and I think it sells around 22 million in North America alone every year so for those of you players alternating placing words on a Scrabble board with 15 or 15 squares they draw tiles for 100 tiles the board has a lot of motor squares it has two letters a world triple letter score the world triple letter score so we score by multiplying the tiles by those values and usually when players is 2 to 4 players so what is the typical living room game you look like so you guys go so usually players will take turns like if you have a ego this is when you have all 7 tiles if you use all 7 tiles in one turn you get a 50 point bonus and usually when you're playing with friends if this happens it'll be really hard for your friends to come back because people don't usually get a game this game usually lasts between 1 to 2 hours and you'll be really lucky you score 1 to 100 or 200 points if you're just playing with your friends but on the opposite end of the spectrum here we have this guy Matthew Richards is the tiger of wisdom Scrabble actually a really cool story about him a few months ago I don't know if you saw the news he won the French Scrabble championship he earned the entire French missionary in 9 weeks with 150,000 words he does not speak a single word of French so he gave the award it's an awards page he actually had an interpreter with him to translate for him to say this guy has won 3 world English championships he's the world champion Scrabble and the US National Scrabble championship he won the US National Scrabble championship 5 times and I think the Thai Scrabble championship 12 times super good so I don't know if you guys know about 538 it's Nate Silver's vlog there's a feature on him to figure out what he does so he took the average scores of the top 50 Scrabble players and it turns out that he's way above the mean usually average score 15-20 he's over 440 points per game his average score against is about in the middle so he's not very defensively minded he has a score a lot on the right you have his performance in the nationals in 2013 which he won it turns out that he averaged about 60-20 victory per game he's way up out of the 90-100% on the performance there so yeah, this guy's really good I actually got to be dinner with him in Buffalo the US National Scrabble championship in 2014 and you know it's really funny because he's behind that he's a setting he'd be among the vegetarian he's actually a vegetarian he's eating me and I asked him to take a selfie with me I asked him to take a selfie because they just added that to the Scrabble dictionary he said yeah, I know what a selfie is so a little about me I'm Cesar del Solar I got into Scrabble in 2000 I started playing a game called Leroy it's really addictive, it's very similar to Scrabble I completely got out of the Cistern College instead of the Hogwarts that was just like 20,000 to 100,000 speed games on Leroy I learned all the 203 of one of the worst just by osmosis and I started playing in 2005 I got to actually watch Scrabble play and my rating shot up a bit but it's been kind of thought through already a little bit about the rating system you guys probably don't know but most players start at about a rating of 500 the median Scrabble player that's rated is about 1200 and 1600 and above is the expert I actually broke 2000 a couple of times actually which is the top rating it's been 21,96 so quite a long way to go but if you are over 2,000 you have a small chance to win the national championship and for a very brief 2 weeks I was the best player in California just 2 weeks but I had a friend that I guess is different so we've put my very first Scrabble player in a play against Virgil's hand she told me he gave her a clock for Christmas or something she told me about their day-to-day relationship and I ended up winning that tournament my initial rating was 1156 so a little bit about Scrabble as compared to um KCN table or 1234 it's face to face there's two players we've never played with one and two per game you it's very competitive and dictionary as Rick said there's two different Scrabble containers they're not going to be used in North America and they're not going to be used in the rest of the world so just talk about adopting the rest of the world there's something in solidarity here as you guys know so we're still starting with the North American dictionary it's very competitive it's very fun I think this picture on the left is a video Scrabble North American Scrabble tradition in 2015 earlier this year hundreds of players show up so what differentiates the tournament player from for the rest so tournament players they study a lot so they know that this is where I play 90 videos there's a whole bunch of these one of the most important words to study will be the two letter words the one hundred and five two letter words that will boost your average score by 50 points apparently tournament players will also track their tiles whenever they play they know exactly what's left in the bag so when the game is over they know what they're playing so they track their tiles as they're playing as they know what the solution is actually in the games they try to make it at a meeting for like a few months and people are still tracking their heads and you can't even legislate that so they don't know what to do anyway, they're just tracking tiles and you know that it becomes a game of perfect information kind of like chess and let me quickly go to some really cool Scrabble record plays and games the highest scoring game of all time is 850 points in a single game by Tom Wade and Alphast it ended up getting like some huge player I don't remember what it was from the sports side or some other the highest scoring single playing game was set by Michael Bresta last season in Massachusetts it was 365 points Tom Wade arrived with the word quick surgery and in his board there was actually 6 minuets under dog, flat fish maybe like quick surgery, scamster and I think there's another one that are adjusted anyway, him and his client were actually not even expert players these guys were together at last season one of the most crazy words he ended up winning 830 before the ending which was also set by Michael Bresta so despite Scrabble being a position of work to have a game it's actually not really that much of a word game and I'm not explaining what I mean by that usually people will study word lists without really knowing what the words mean here's that the top three seven letter words people study the probability of the words coming out so these are not all common English words but they are very high probability so if you know them your average score should go up by a lot if you actually have said these words there's a program that's written by one of the Scrabble players in the community so let me give you an example of one of the best Scrabble players ever made this happened in a tournament game in 1995 20 years ago this guy named Jim Fury from Phoenix he's down by 90 points he's losing this game there's no place to score on this board and he knew that there's 17 tiles left so he's tracking he calculates that there's a 168 chance of drawing the A and the T so Scrabble is B, E, I, R, W he ends up playing the word baby you see on the bottom right he plays B, E hoping to draw the A and the T and also distracting his opponent he opens up a lane on the bottom so he has two babies on the bottom so why is it going for the A and the T he ends up drawing those starters and he plays the word water suey for 96 points so it's like he challenges the word he doesn't know what it means he uses his turn because the word is acceptable and Jim ends up playing the game and this play became legendary if you look at the little water suey Scrabble you'll probably read about it so I don't know if you guys have ever heard of water suey but it's a Belgian stew dish vegetables I don't know if Jim knew what it meant because he doesn't know what it means in one of the games so here's some cool words Scrabble players usually study by a probability worth in that class so if you guys know the J, Q, S, and Z or if you guys know that they're the highest quality files in Scrabble and we usually call them power tasks so it's really important to know the words that that they can make with these tasks like people don't want to step on the Q for example so here's some cool words that I just chair I'm going to chair them a lot more at least they're just so many ones that look nice there's over 180,000 words in the North American English dictionary I think I know about half of those but they should be about the most powerful ones and most people that we study about 90 or 90 other words just don't know very much so one of the cool things about knowing all of these words is that sometimes when you're in a cabin or a garden or a zoo or whatever words that you call me, you know as anagrams like how many political plenty are with the anagrams you talk in but now I actually saw one and I'm thinking, oh there's a cactus there's also a plenty of liquor or some sort that's really tasty Coca is a really cute animal and it's a really high sporter today because it has two Ks and a Q so you can only find it in Australia okay so who are the best players out there and where are they from I talked about natural retreats but he did not actually win the the astrology championship this guy Conrad won in 2014 he's actually a different player from the area and he has an appointment now so this is him, this is a shot of him just as he won his final game in 2014 in Buffalo on the right state weekend this guy has won the U.S. National Scramble Championship twice and he got $25,000 in 2005 and we know also for his first best I actually know this guy pretty well they study a lot, they know all the words but they even they really know all the 10 other words which is really crazy because nobody really studies beyond the 8 or 19 in the top course couple more players this guy here he was 90 years old he became the youngest Scramble expert by getting away from over 1600 he did a player twice I probably could have beaten him but can because I got a little lucky a little bit on the right we have Lisa she's a top player and she recently won a $25,000 prize for winning a Wordsworth Friends Championship Xenia put together this invitational championship for a Wordsworth Friends knockoff called the wordy games and they got like celebrities like ESL Royals all sorts of cool games playing and she ended up being a $3,100 prize $25,000 prize pretty substantial Scramble skills translate to other games here's Titan so I think I mentioned that Titan had a very big Scramble scene and they have a championship called the King's Cup where you have thousands of players the King of Titan himself presents the award at the end to the winner there's also a Princess Cup where there's a Scramble award that's also a robot so people get to play on the sport and there's also players Titan is going to produce two world champions so a brief history of why Titan has become so good at Scramble basically this guy Annaly came to Titan and Annaly came to study Business at Stanford in the eighties he completely fell in love with the game got addicted and went back to Titan and started selling knockoff version at Oxford I guess he didn't want to pay the license and fees or whatever he just described he marketed it to kids and to schools as a way to teach kids English and the game just took off thousands of kids to play tournaments and schools everywhere and produced two world champions and a couple of players that are very close to winning and the fun days you normally know what the word's mean the type players also know what the word's mean my friend was just telling me one of the type players actually challenged the word boners you've never seen it before so I don't know Nigeria the most recent Scramble champion comes from Nigeria because they just wanted a year and just wanted a world championship in Australia about three weeks ago so in Nigeria they have the Scramble training camps it's like a national sport there's a parent I have a friend in the LA Scramble Club where he's only got people who get together after hours and play games all night and keep playing and there's training camps where the top players get together so this guy is one of them who came very close to winning in 2007 and he won the whole thing very well at the top we have Richard here's what I was going to say about this win so what keeps people coming back to Scramble these are all players who have won something so obviously it's really a victory it's really cool to win something it's fun it's fun it's an addictive game and I think one of the most important things is that in the end it's all about the people it's a very cool community you can make a lot of friends on the Scramble it's a couple of years in a year there's people that you make that spirit you go deep with them you rule with them you have trust with them I think that's what keeps people coming back that's why I have to so if you want to know more about Scramble here's a couple of side projects in mind I want to play a little bit Scramble TV Live is a blog site where we have videos news and articles about Scramble and parallel is a web app that I made I'm actually a programmer by day so I make this for fun so we study words and then practice that in American and you risk it as a talk you risk it as other things to give a P2C and solve the most worst alright, so thank you there's a story a couple of years ago it was a kid who was about cheating he was falling in the legs so that's the collection of the most important and fascinating game because he came up with a letter in the copter so he was about cheating for a few years so no cheating the name is on or the structure of the game is not or how is that so what is the worst that gets sued you can't copyright game rules you can only copyright I think you can copyright the actual board or the actual representation of the tiles but the rules of the game worst of the friends is not exactly the same as Scramble it has a different distribution of the voice like different it may just be a business but there's no big trouble there it has more than 194 points for dynamics it confuses me the dictionary is a little different I don't actually I don't play any part some sessar or something like that the difference between the North American and the world English dictionary is a super set North American dictionary so it has like 100,000 more words or maybe not that many more like 80,000 more words yeah there are the games that are similar they have a different distribution of those words I guess you could say words with friends and knockoff game that they play in the championship which is like a small version of the words with friends more words with friends are really interesting because it's much more volatile than Scramble so you can actually beat players who are significantly worse than if you get through my task I've seen people get 110 points for a J just to be put in the right place and it gives a like yeah yeah the numbers people say that Scramble is about 75% scale is 20% luck natural research somebody asked them about that and he said that thanks to that 50% of the games are it's 25% of the game you will win no matter what 25% you will lose no matter what you will win the other 50% that matters and he has a 75% of American stuff thank you see you at 25 cheater honestly I didn't forget to show you my club 33 cat let's do down next it's hard to see but it's really cool because club 33 is the only place in Disneyland where they don't sell making abstract club 33 stuff our next talk is about the five senses this is very interesting topic and we are going to log out I don't think it's a spoiler because it's kind of an untitled we don't really have five senses as you may have been talking that said I was wondering about in the game of my earlier intro or the legends and stuff like that when you use one sense your other senses get heightened specifically when you use your vision do you get increased acuity with your hearing in terms of touching the lap daredevil the superhero who can't see so he has a radar vision so his superpowers that he can see the answer is yes so apparently it's absolutely true it's pretty subtle and I was just a scientist that when you lose your vision the other senses do get heightened basically it has to do with neuroplasticity and people who are congenitally blind or deaf or lacking in another sense or people who lose a sense of very young age their brain basically will be wired and pushing through the brain that what has been devoted to sight gets devoted to other senses and that's cross-modal neuroplasticity but a question for me which is do you have to have been blind for a birth or a very young age to have this effect and just how much increased acuity and other senses get so interesting subject an interesting study I got it out this photo was not from the study it's just an interesting stock photo with people who are blind for it this was from 2012 in Canada I don't want to say I don't want to say University of Montreal or something like that but don't quote me on that the point is they took subjects blindfolded them and they played two layers of sound that had nothing about harmonicity so that you couldn't a listener couldn't really differentiate two layers of sound and then they slowly altered one layer of sound until the subject could identify that there were in fact two separate layers and so all the subjects sort of did about the same from the first round to the testing then the control group turned off their blindfolds and showed up to the time and the others continued to wear their blindfolds for about 90 minutes and then took the test again and after the 90 minutes of wearing their blindfolds they performed significantly better on the task than the control group and significantly better than they had initially so this is really fascinating because it suggests that your other senses can compensate for the absence of longer senses really quickly and with only 90 minutes another very interesting study mice lab mice this is from 2014 I can't remember what did it they took lab mice with normal vision and hearing and they subjected them to dark conditions basically complete darkness for like 6 days and after they root with the mice from darkness in fact in normal light cycle oh wait, they're not my usual that's what they did trust me when they responded to normal light cycle they found from scanning in the spring that their auditory acuity had increased significantly and their vision would be the same so they were a little different at all so those are my photoshop skills so I'm not exactly recommending that you blindfold yourself at least in a period of hope they look into your little skills they won't have it so here to talk more about the 5 senses is in draft so to be honest I think I'll have enough to drink I'm 2 year old at home he's a little bit of a whining so these days it's right because I don't have a house and another one is my boyfriend one of the preschools asked me to write 4 essays to send my child these 3 schools these 3 schools are pretty they're pretty expensive but still I have to write 4 essays to apply and I include my parenting philosophy and I say to the person I'm going to have my son she's just playing some shit and in watching this you can tell your therapist they love you from the day you were born you don't have to apply these preschools what are these preschools doing for me so I did a little research into the teaching philosophy and at the same time I wrote a series of lectures for a company called the Great Courses a lecture series called Brain Myths Exploded and so one of this that I've been thinking about is this idea that we have 5 we experience the world and I noticed that a lot of these 3 schools have a program that is entirely based on the 5 sentences and here's where my 2 worlds collided and I realized that we are teaching our children so we're going to so utterly knock away our brainwarts and yet here we are telling them that's exactly how we experience the world so this is a little bit of a shock this is my way of getting back at those 3 schools for making me write the 4 essays the myth of the 5 says everything we learn in your garden is actually wrong so what is the program first off this is the only way that we experience the world and in fact there is one preschool philosophy that I actually started to get and this is the preschool that I used and this is my martial art let's explore marshmallows through the 5 sentences now this is why parents move home to children who have a big time at school but don't want to eat anything for dinner because they've experienced the marshmallows through all of their 5 sentences so what is this idea that 5 sentences come from well of course it came from a white Greek middle-aged man Aristotle initially Aristotle proposed that the way to experience the world is related to the 4 elements so we have earth, fire, water and air now this is where it gets a little bit graphic so if you're going to squish you want to turn it away but Aristotle suggested that water is related to sight because the eyeball that is actually an eyeball is filled with water makes a lot of sense water and sight then he suggested that sound is represented in our own bodies with the ear because that's how we sample air and then Aristotle suggested that we sample with our noses fire because that's where we can have amazing experiences with noses and spices and stuff so fire is in the nose and earth we experience with touch so then we think well what happened to taste well Aristotle suggested that taste is just an extension of touch and here's what he wrote don't google sexy tongue explore the earth with our tongues according to Aristotle so that's how the first 4 sentences came about why we thought of these 4 sentences how it was divided by Aristotle and then the middle ages people are really obsessed with the Bible and the magic number 5 so it was suggested in the middle ages that in fact we have 5 sentences and these correspond to the 5 wounds of Christ now this is where another feature of Ketogarmes started to make sense to me I understood Mr. Ketogarmes so here we have 5 sentences in our history come from either the 4 elements or the 5 wounds of Christ Ketogarmes but is this all we have do we really just have 5 ways in which we can experience the world and are each of those 5 ways independent of each other but is it slightly independent of hearing and so on and so forth but this is not actually the case so do we have any other senses? so if your definition of sense is that you have to have a receptor that is some kind of ATOS cell or some kind of feature in which a particular type of information is being recorded by your nervous system is one way of defining what a sense is we have photoreceptors in our retina that distinguish between photons and light we have hair cells in our ear that distinguish between the frequencies of sound waves more or less we have olfactory receptors in our nose that recognize different types of molecules and so forth so do we have any other receptors in our body that we do consider a separable sense? of course we do one of these is called propriocessions we actually have receptors that distinguish between how much stretch is in your muscles that's how you can tell where the different parts of your body are and when this goes awry very very weird as it must be for this particular cat so this cat is having some problems with propriocessions it can't quite tell where its bones are because one aspect of propriocessions is that you actually get some information from your visual system although 70% of the information that you get that tells you where your body parts are is coming from single cells which are these little receptors that you have metering stretch in your muscles and 90% of your information is going from other sources like for example what you see so there's another sense in which we can tell where gravity is with respect to the rest of our body so we have these canals filled with fluid and they're in our area and they're perpendicular to each other there are three sets and we can tell the basis of how fluid is moving these canals and we have these acting in bodies called equilibrio section another sense and this particular cat is having trouble with this particular sense or you know doesn't really have a big sense of balance there are receptors that we have certainly we have receptors that respond to how stretched out our stomach is and we have receptors in our brain that tell us how much nutrition there is in our bloodstream and when these receptors tell us that our stomachs stretched out enough and there's not enough nutrition in our blood we feel hunger totally relate to the beer pong formula baby now your brain has a couple of fluid filled bowls and one of them has a bunch of receptors around it that tells your brain exactly how much fluid is in this particular vegetable and when the fluid is low or when you're finding that salt content of your blood is too high you actually initiate a behavior called thirst I don't know we have receptors for that we can certainly feel the team to a sense how long we've been up but probably the one sense that you've never really been aware of you didn't even know you had is the fact that you have key receptors in your brain that test the pH of your cerebrospinal fluid so the proportion of current dioxide to oxygen is too great in your cerebrospinal fluid this particular set of receptors changes the way you breathe because too much or too low is definitely so this is the sense that probably that would be new here in terms of pH of our cerebrospinal fluid they can say okay, that's all fine these are all receptors that relate to the internal environment of our own bodies really it's only the five senses that we know about when we look at the external environment fair enough but to what extent do you think our senses are independent of one another when we get back to our preschool days we see with our eyes we hear with our ears we touch with our hands or the parts of our skin we're not in preschool we're just a character so how true is that organization of our senses let's start with vision you are legally blind in almost every part of your visual field except the very center now if you put down the intangible and there's someone next to you and you wrote that person's phone number on your index finger and then you put that index finger just outside your central field of view you would not be able to call that person on date guarantee it your central vision is very small it's very nice to use it around a lot and that's how you're able to create the illusion that we are actually able to see from perfect vision or from perfect acuity much from our visual field that's just an illusion so legally blind except for a tiny part of our visual field instead our brain gives us the illusion that we can actually see color is just a figment of our imagination and I don't want time to go into it but let me just remind you of the right side but we think we see in three dimensions in that depth is something that we infer on the basis of the limited information that we get from our awareness so vision is not very good not only is vision not very good but that's when shoring of vision actually happens in the brain not in the eye well technically the eye is part of the brain but you're telling me that we think about how we experience things these two orange circles are exactly the same size and yet we don't perceive them as the same because of their context and here's another prototype for you if you're trying to lose weight you might think about this relatively and use a plate that's smaller because you will actually think that you are consuming more food because of the way that you perceive that food okay so vision is relative vision is entirely tied to context vision happens higher up in the brain rather than in our eyes what about hearing surely hearing is more simple than that but if hearing really was that simple it was just a matter of tracking the sound waves that are captured by our pen and then somehow transiting into a neural signal wouldn't hearing things be much better than they actually are and if hearing things are pretty crappy when it comes down to this especially when you realize that you need a hearing aid you probably need it to do things that are prone to you like listen to people's speech and you only need to go into a loud restaurant with a hearing aid to realize just how impoverished those hearing aids are compared to normal hearing so why is it that hearing aids are so sucky because once again most of the hearing that happens happens higher up in the brain not in your ear there's a way to compare that to suggest so to illustrate this not only does the hearing happen in your brain but what you see greatly influences what it is that you hear so I'm going to show you a short video it's going to be called the GERK Effect GERK Effect is a wonderful illusion that demonstrates just how much what we see influences how we interpret styrofoam so you might think well my language is really complicated in fact just to understand the language if I speak from two to four languages which are not familiar it would be even hard for me to tell you where the different words begin and end but you're familiar with the language through years and years of training so that's a big part of it why don't you just liven it to simple syllables surely we all hear the syllables in the same way anything other than what's going into our ears and the GERK Effect shows that that's absolutely not the case I'm going to show you in the next slide two images of the same person staying syllable and I want you to toggle between the left and the right side as you're listening and think about what syllable is it you're actually hearing and here is where you will have the supercar being able to control what the person on screen is saying not you but simply the way that you were looking at the syllable he was pronouncing was what you were hearing influences what it is that you actually perceive so when you see him formulating the word far and you look at the image on the right you actually hear far but if you see him formulating the word bar and you look on the left you actually hear the word bar even though the stimulus that is coming into your ear is exactly the same for guaranteed that shows you that what we actually perceive in terms of our hearing is very much influenced by what we're seeing it gets even stranger from there so did you know that if you had a lot of ear infections a young child that increases your risk of obesity later on in life in fact there is a correlation between body mass index and ear infection prevalence in childhood because there is a nerve that is involved in your procession of taste that goes through your middle ear and if you have a lot of ear infections that nerve can get damaged and if that nerve gets damaged you taste creaminess differently from the rest of us fatty foods taste creamier and so you are more likely over the course of the lifetime to make decisions in which you eat more and more fatty foods and then you become like this little pea or ice cream so all these gasses are related to each other probably the one that we are most likely to misunderstand is about the taste so maybe this kind of initial familiar to you you've been told that your tongue is sensitive to different tastes in different parts of the tongue totally false and not only is your tongue not only have four particular tastes it's actually a fifth taste that we now have called umami which is sort of the same root taste but the interesting story is a lot of misconception and science happens starts with the paper in 1901 in German that was mistranslated by a Harvard psychologist in 1942 whose name was Ichi Boring poor guy but in case he mistranslated this particular study and what he thought the German paper was showing was that there were these different parts of the tongue that corresponded to these different tastes but in fact what the paper had said was that these different parts of the tongue had more or less intensity to taste which was a completely different idea in fact you taste all of the tastes on all parts of your tongue but the different parts of your tongue are sensitive to taste in different ways but your tongue plays such a tiny role in your perception of what we really think of as taste which is flavor and you only need to have a cold awareness that in fact the vast majority of what we perceive as flavor comes from odor and if you don't have access to your or factory information you lose a lot of this taste in fact it's now thought that we can recognize one trillion different odors through our nose which is really amazing not only act but the flavors that we have are also based in part on the learned associations so if you come from a country in which certain flavors are together a lot of the time so for example in the US when we smell the odor of vanilla that's often related to a sweet substance the flavor the odor of vanilla doesn't actually have any sweetness to it but over time it is associated with something sweet and so if we add the odor of the aroma of vanilla into the food we actually rate that food as being sweeter but if you come from a part of the world in which this association doesn't happen then you don't have this particular flavor sensation so remember like some parts of the world where the odors that are present are associated with different tastes and so all of a sudden when we put people in a room and we ask them what they taste it will depend on their previous associations with those particular odors so what if I told you that the sounds that you hear couldn't influence your taste now I'd say oh that's like true synesthesia people have this kind of sensory wire and cross actually it's true for all of us and one of my favorite studies that all of you have here is in the bakery they have people eat bacon and flavor of ice cream very extra and they have two different conditions and one condition they have people eating the same ice cream listening to the sound of a sizzle of bacon and our condition they have people eating the same ice cream listening to the sounds of a chicken in a far yard turns out depending on whether they were listening to bacon or to chicken people would rate anyness or baconness as being a more savory flavor in the ice cream that they were eating people eat a whole bunch of oysters and they actually either play the chain sounds or the sounds of the sea surely if you play the chain sounds people rate the experience of eating oysters as being less pleasant than if you play them soothing sounds with the ocean so now the sensory crossing even and all so a way that you perceive and rate taste is based on what at least somewhat influenced by what we are hearing and I know it's late and it's near night and the last time I had a near night talk to you about how shitty your memory was so I just want to leave you with a couple of ways that you might remember some tips for you in terms of how to approach your future but I want to get around to one last study that is related to the sound of taste and that is going to get one in no bell prior to the war in 2008 the role of October keys in modulating the perceived crispness and stainless of potato chips yes these particular psychologists at people eat potato chips and they artificially monitor or modulate the sound that they eat of these potato chips made and sure enough if you play a crispier sound like these potato chips you rate them as being less stale so practical application of this particular topic here is one by Butter that actually would be important to follow you on how to get away with serving a cheap wine number one slap the label on it with chef toe so if you have a priority is a nasty explosion in the wine industry in China and a study of Hong Kong wine in Seattle it turns out that the number one thing that made people buy a wine was whether or not the label had a chef toe wine if people actually wine experts are also not giving you to this it would make a wine is being better if it's in a bottle that's the label for the more expensive chef toe and right here in California there was a study in which people looked at California legal wine versus North Dakota legal wine now I know this is probably a little confusing to you that these particular guys on the right are the North Dakota legal wine are just slightly darker than the ones on the left and sure enough both the expected tastiness of the wine and the actual tastiness ratings of wine were higher if the wine was thought to be from California this is exactly the same wine in both bottles with different labels but luckily that's not true for cheese North Dakota apparently has cheese that is not bad not as good as the North Dakota legal not both that so put a label on it with a chef toe expensive price tag in this particular study and the price for the most majority in the title is in the title marketing actions in modulating neural representations of experienced pleasantness what they really mean is what we told people the wine was more expensive parts of the brain that are modulating their reward and pleasure pathway were more active than what we told them the wines were cheap wine is higher if the wine is more expensive but they also show brain activity and their pleasure when that particular wine is they are told is more expensive key food coloring post turns out in the first study of wine experts if you add red food coloring to white wine and wine experts cannot tell the difference in this particular study of a person who really does not know any looking jargon these studies called chemical object representation of the level of consciousness what it really means is I put food coloring in white wine and they couldn't tell the difference background music on the taste of wine in this study they had ratings that were any fresh, powerful heavies and they had different types of music they were playing sure enough when the music was singing in fresh people labeled the wine as singing in fresh whether it was powerful or heavy whether it was powerful or heavy or soft whether it was metal or soft whether it was light or just too soft that means we need DJs so you can enjoy the rest of the evening do we have any time for questions or any questions left? there are so many different receptors related to touch and how we experience pain is so subjective and so poorly measured that requires a talk all the time to talk all the time. But I do tell the story of, you know, when I was in the library, there was the idea of me to pick this, you know, from a sad face. We would have a face on the paint chart, and that's where we are in terms of assessing things. You know, you can push back on your sad face, on your pain. The whole idea that we experience in the world in five, several senses is what's wrong. And I think that certainly children learn through, you know, interacting with objects, but I think it's much more complicated than we just touch with our hands, and we see with our eyes, and we hear with our ears. You know, I think we should stimulate a lot of the different aspects in which kids get information, and I think dividing it up into these blocks is giving the kids the wrong message. Because it suggests that we are not influenced by anything in terms of what we see, other than what is coming from our eyes. What if we understood the scene is relative from a young age? All of a sudden, maybe you can understand why we need to match a particular shape and rotate it in our heads. That's, you know, fundamentally different scales we see to report and match something that's in a two-dimensional form. Maybe all of a sudden, if you can figure out a way to get kids to interact in a way that is true to their experience, we have a problem where kids might have strapped in shapes, for example, really difficult when they get into a later bad phase. But it's more than what you were meant for. These categories were really doing sort of the, I'm not an early childhood educator, so. I don't know. That's a good question. So, one of my areas of study is music. And in fact, what you're describing is in music we call it shills, right? You get the sense of the goosebumps and where does that come from? And it's a wonderful thing to study from the perspective of a person who's interested in music because it's measurable. You don't have to rely on yourself to report to us whether or not you're amazing. You can measure the amount of change that you see in your respiratory rate or your heart rate or you literally can measure your goosebumps. And in some ways it's a really interesting measure of unconscious reaction to some kind of physical stimulus. And the only thing we understand about it now is that we can sort of, in terms of music it's relatively predictable. So if you get shills for a particular piece of music once, you're likely to get it again from that same performance. And it's 77% of the number that you can sort of have your visibility in the shills. And so that's really interesting. Second is that the type of music that gives you the shills has certain features to it. So for example, a ballad is more likely to give you the shills in some off-tempo piece. You're more likely to get the shills when you have a soloist or a treble voice coming out of a confetti when you modulate from one key to another. When you've had a climax and a piece and so forth or when there's a return to the melody. So obviously you should be analyzing different ways but also really I think what it comes down to is that your musical experience has set up a particular expectation for a reward. And also the other thing is that you don't really get the shills unless you're experienced with that particular genre of music. So there is this sense of an expectation that a pressure bringer is setting up for this pleasurable thing. And so that's what we understand about what's happening in the shills. Now the shills of course is just a physical reaction that has some kind of other language very basic. And that's what we're still not sure of. What exactly is that basis for that emotional response? There's one really interesting idea that as I call this in a young concept as suggested that in fact the shills will come down to an emotional response to the kind of distress crime that we emphasize and that's why you know you have a Whitney Houston's I Will Always Love You or you know Huda El Fonni Di Carso it mimics the sound of a crying baby and that gives you this honor and response. That's the best we've got so far and I agree. It's to what extent to that emotional reaction tarnished is it by its other emotions, right? To what extent to the shills that you're getting really a fear response that's covered in nostalgia or that's in a state environment that you don't understand and you don't actually get. Is it really into an old fight or flight? And I think the answer is we don't really know. We can see those same kind of physiological responses that are in number of different conditions that we often get intrigued by them. So for example, there's some really great studies of misattribution of arousal where one of the examples where they study where a bunch of male subjects cross a bridge before they have to answer a bunch of questions of a questionnaire and the bridge was either a normal bridge not scary at all or a really freaky suspension bridge. You know, one of them is like over in Gorge and all the way to New Guinea. And at the end of the bridge, they had a female experimenter who was gonna ask some serious questions and at the end of the question, she gave them their phone number and said they had any questions about the experimenter. Now there's certainly nothing about any of the questions the experimenter asked or it was just kind of what or not they would think that they were called a confederate and ask around on a date. And it turned out that people were much more likely to call a confederate and have crossed a suspension bridge and mis-attribute their feelings of anxiety to feelings of attraction for the confederate. And not only have they misinterpreted her signals as being one of a willing female just being nice to her, rather than just being part of this experiment. So, so often when you find yourself in a situation where we misinterpret our own emotional reactions and so great first dates include scary things. Come on up. All right. Thanks very much. Have a good day. Be sure to hit the bell for any questions you can sign up to try to give a talk. The sign up list is on the open public library events and below the bar next to that. So these are some of the things that are coming up and I'd especially like to really awesome and awesome to talk to you next month. Awesome.