  괜  2010                                                                        ៀ rất ៀ team 💚 💚 💚 💚 💚 📟 I am a philosopher and I think that the business of a philosopher is to be optimistic. Because if you are pessimistic, finally there is no use of yourself because to be pessimistic there is no necessity to be a philosopher. The situation suffices and so to say to people something which can be useful for them we must have some hope to transform the world and to go in the direction of a better world if it is possible. The question of possibility, finally, is a material question, a political question and not completely a philosophical question. How do you see the crisis? What's wrong with the world? What's the crisis in the world? I think there are two different levels for the crisis. There is an objective level which is the crisis of capitalism today, the financial crisis and the whole thought and I think there is also a subjective crisis which is not immediately the same thing. There is something like disorganization of life, disorganization of thinking, an obscure vision of the future. I think this is the most important point because for all young women and men in the world today the future is really obscure. Can we continue as now? It's not really exciting. Can we invent something really different but it's unclear. All the politicians, all the governments and so on has only the idea to continue if it is possible. But to continue only to repeat if you want the situation is not really a good future for young men and women of today. So the philosophers are also to say that there is a crisis but if we cannot immediately modify the objective crisis because we are not so powerful to do something like that, we can modify the subjective level of the crisis and to propose new ideas, new visions, new forms of life for humankind. Can you tell us what sort of new forms you are thinking of? New forms of thinking? Yes, I propose to say that we must define a new form of freedom. I think freedom today is largely the freedom to buy something or the freedom to have money or the freedom to do what we want when we have the money to do. And so the freedom of today is in fact a sort of material freedom which is a strong dependency of the situation, of the crisis and so on. And so maybe we must search and find another definition of freedom which is much more at the subjective level and on the side of creation if you want, on the side of the possibilities of mankind as such and in the field of new forms of political organization, new artistic creations, new inventions, new style of life if you want. And it's a general direction to propose a new definition of freedom that the formal one definition today which is a mixture of materialism, to have money and to represent a vision of politics. We have some governments and so on, but all that cannot define really freedom for today. My final question, what is your advice for young people today? I think for young people today my goal is first to transmit my experience, to transmit my experience of an old man in some sense which has something really different world before. A world with political hope, with revolutionary ideas and so on. And first to transmit that sort of experience to understand clearly that those different subjectivities can exist today because it was not so many years ago, it was some 10 years ago, 20 years ago, 30 years ago. We have different subjectivities. It's the first point of transmission after all when we have an experience we must transmit to young women and men and after that to reconstruct the possibility to be optimistic.