 Well, thank you Paulo so much for attending. It's great to have you here in Doha, and I hope you enjoyed. Could you tell us a little bit about the European Association for Viewer Interests and what you do? Well, AII is a small platform that is meant to advance the interests of citizens and media users. It's a no-profit organization, what is called a civil society body, and it's based in Brussels. We run a number of initiatives including research and information campaigns. Okay, in your remarks you talked about a study you just did on digital media literacy. What were some of the interesting findings of that study? Well, this was quite a challenge. The main thing was how to assess media literacy levels. So if you think about how would you measure critical capacity, for instance. It comes down to similar issues like how to measure the quality of the TV program. And we found a really very interesting, we have done the study for 12 months, is gathering together information and advice from all over Europe in 27 countries in 20 different languages. The outcome was that we divided the three main criteria to measure media literacy. One is use, that is a sort of technical skill that people have to have. So preliminary they have to have access and availability to those media. The second criteria is critical thinking. So the competence that a media user and the citizens has to decode the context, to understand the context in which a program is transmitted, why it is transmitted that way. And the third, at the top of the pyramid as we call it, there is the participation aspect. So how you use these abilities in order to participate in public life. Okay, and when you look at digital media literacy across all of Europe, are you finding it's the youth that are more literate, adults? Or is there not a discrepancy in the agency? We have actually ranked the countries and we found certain that using these criteria and the associated indicators, we found that there are certain regional countries that are more media literate than others. And the order that have certain characteristics more developed than others. For instance, Finland scores very high in technical capabilities. But as well as this, we come up with the series of recommendations that the European Commission in particular, but national governments as well should include in their policies in order to increase the level of media literacy of their citizens. What are some of those recommendations that you include? Certainly a number of initiatives that you can take in order to develop media education. So the education that students receive at school should include in the curricula is media education as a separate subject or transversal on some of the subjects that are taught. The other thing is that we found that a number of aspects are hindering or facilitating the development of media literacy. This includes the media policy, so the inactive role of governments and regulators to promote the specific media literacy of coming in the UK is particularly good in that sense. They have an obligation to do so. Other things are information campaigns we found that are quite useful. As a matter of fact, the experts that we have asked to contribute to this study, after 20 years that we talk about media literacy, which I'm using also the terms that are quite synonymous like digital literacy, information literacy, etc. they couldn't even agree on a shared definition. The fact that the documentation is now more available and the study that I'm mentioning is freely available on our website as well is I think that there will be a positive progress in spreading and letting understand the importance of media literacy. If the Middle East or the Gulf region, the Arab world, Middle East Gulf region, depending on which group you want to look at, were to do a study on media literacy, what issues should they consider in implementing that? I think it's quite the issues and the criteria that we have identified as quite universal. At the end of the day, it comes down to people and human beings, human beings, wherever they live. The capacities and the focus that I recommend to pay more attention on is the developing of critical thinking. This is really the core because you can acquire these technical capacities but to develop is a critical understanding. It's something that at the moment I found quite underestimated by some of the words that we have encountered, the media or the educational world. This is really key in the longer term. It's technical filters to protect our children, for instance, for bad use of the internet and the web. It doesn't really work in my opinion. So how do you foster critical thinking? Critical thinking is how we have used three main indicators. One is how and whether you are capable of decoding the content. Whether you are able to understand if something is live or not. Whether a program is informational or propaganda. Whether it's an advert or a program itself. So to distinguish between what is true and what is false. Then you have to have the competence and the capability of understanding the context. Why that program is transmitted is having work in the television and I have done it for many years. It's quite clear what is behind the screen. Behind the screen there are the career of media professionals. There are the money that is the care of the audience. Generally speaking, a channel, a television channel, is not made for educational purposes only to civilists. So it's the content, understanding the context. And then showing that you are capable of using that competence that you have used. That you have built. And therefore is a good indicator if you are capable, for instance, on search engines to use multiple search engines. Why so much content is available only in English? Because there are a number of issues that signal your level of media literacy. That there are documentation and that one can study too. How important is having content available in your native language to media literacy? In the Arab world, Dr. Hassad talks a lot about a shortage of Arabic language content. We actually find out that the language that is used by most people in the world is not English, but it's Mandarin, it's Chinese. And what is certainly true, I wouldn't say most authoritative, but the sources that are used more often are certainly in English, it is certainly an issue in Europe in the sense that what we define the mosaic of Europe is, and that's why it's coming from Italy. And we have mentioned to do this study in 20 different languages. It's said to me that people refer more easily to their own language and not only for an economical point of view, but I would say from a more ample social, cultural, historical value, people should develop and should use content in their own language. I think that this is key and essential. Thank you so much for your time. I really appreciate it. Thanks to you.