 diagnostic features of major depressive disorder, now we will try to understand the diagnostic criteria more in depth and now we will see that how different terminologies used in diagnostic criteria can be explained according to DSM-5. So the first point is that in children and adolescents, mood may be irritable rather than sadness. Why is this mentioned? Because certain times it happens that the child starts showing irritability rather than sadness. If you are seeing the child's mood irritable and you are seeing that the parents are telling that he has started breaking things more or he has started getting more angry or he is getting angry at all times. If there is a small issue then it feels very irritable. So along with the conduct disorder and the oppositional daffy and disorder, you also have to check whether the child has any depressive features or not. When you have to check the depressive features, you have to see whether his weight has changed, his sleep pattern has not changed, how is his psychomotor activity, his energy level has not decreased, the feeling of wordlessness or guilt is not very much, so all the other symptoms you have, i.e. concentration is not disturbed, decision making is not disturbed, whether suicidal ideation or thoughts are not coming, so you have to see these things. Just on the basis of mood, you do not have to do the diagnosis, you have to see the other symptoms as well. Sometimes it happens that the sadness that is on the initial level, the client denies it. He does not acknowledge it, but when you see it and observe it, you feel that the client's facial expression that reflects the sadness, i.e. his frowning face, his shoulders are hunched, he might be looking there, or you will see these things in his skin. Or at a certain time it happens that when asked by children, they explain that they just feel themselves empty and there is no dominant emotion on the skin, so when you understand these feelings, you will understand that the manifestation of the symptom of the mood leads towards the sadness. Then the family will explain to you that the things that they used to participate in are now not participating in them. Okay, here you have to keep one thing in mind, certain time with developmental age, the activities of children change. If those activities are being changed in the reference of developmental age, then definitely there is no sign of depression. But if a child is completely withdrawn and does not participate in any social activity, or does not play a game, or does not feel like a player in anything, then that means that this is problematic. So you have to keep this in mind, and usually these parents come and complain to you that they do not make friends, that they do not get a chance. Earlier it used to go towards someone, now it does not go towards him. Earlier he used to go to school, he was his friend, he used to call, this was his communication, but now it is not his communication. So if this withdrawal is coming to you, then you have to notice it. Then the grades of the children in the school, you will see that there is a significant decline in them. Teachers will report that they cannot concentrate, they do not work, the time given to them is incomplete. The performance in the paper is bad. The school that is taught does not copy it. So these kinds of concentration abilities will be affected and they will not focus on any work. So this is also a complaint when you see it in the children, then you need to take care of these symptoms too. Then at a certain time within the child, the wish of death can be passive. It is not necessary to announce that I have this problem or I want to die. It may be possible that the recurrent thoughts about suicide came to you. That means it will share with you that I want to finish my life or I want to end my life. I do not like studying, I do not like making friends. Everyone pushes me. I do not want to live. So why should I do all these things? Life is very boring. I do not feel any interest in it. And I want this life to end soon. So when you tell these kinds of thoughts, it means that the wish of death is present within the child. Along with this, you also have to see that the child is not planning on suicide. That means he has not kept any blades in his room. He has not kept any rope in his room. He has not kept anything like that so that he can try to end his life on any occasion. So you also need to be careful about these things. And if that is the case, then you need to be intimate with his parents so that they can look after him properly. Then the morality level within these children is very high. They feel that it is not in the world, but if there is a problem within them or if they are unable to fulfil anything, then that is all happened because of him or her. Because of that, to encounter that guilt, they try to do that. Apart from this, it is also possible that if he is in a lot of stress, then the separation anxiety in him develops. That is, if a child's parents are divorced, then they might start thinking that this happened because of me. And the parent who is with him becomes so frightened that he is always with him. And they cannot leave him at all. So that means the separation anxiety can be manifested at a certain time.