 section 43 of English synonyms and antonyms this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer visit LibriVox.org English synonyms and antonyms by James Champlin-Fernold name to necessity name synonyms agnomon appellation cognomen denomination designation epithet pranomen style surname title name in the most general sense signifying the word by which a person or thing is called or known includes all other words of this group in this sense every noun is a name in the more limited sense a name is personal and appellation is descriptive a title is official in the phrase William the Conqueror King of England William is the man's name which belongs to him personally independently of any rank or achievement conqueror is the appellation which he won by his acquisition of England King is the title denoting his royal rank an epithet Greek epithetan something added to from epi on and take hang me put is something placed upon a person or thing the epithet does not strictly belong to an object like a name but is given to mark some assumed characteristic good or bad an epithet is always an adjective or a word or phrase used as an adjective and is properly used to emphasize a characteristic but not to add information as in the phrase the sounding sea the idea that an epithet is always appropriate and that any word used appropriately is an epithet is a popular error designation may be used much in the sense of appellation but is more distinctive or specific in meaning a designation properly so-called rests upon some inherent quality while an appellation may be fanciful among the Romans the prey no man was the individual part of a man's name the no man indicating the gents to which he belonged the cognome man showed his family and was born by all patricians and the agnome man was added to refer to his achievements or character when scientists name an animal or a plant they give it a binary or binomial technical name comprising a generic and a specific appellation in modern use a personal name as John or Mary is given in infancy and is often called the given name or Christian name or simply the first name rarely the prey no man the cognome man or surname is the family name which belongs to one by right of birth or marriage style is the legal designation by which a person or house is known in official or business relations as the name and style of bearing brothers the term denomination is applied to a separate religious organization without the appropriates meaning attached to the word sect also to designate any class of like objects collectively especially money or notes of a certain value as the sum was in notes of the denomination of $1,000 compare term native synonyms indigenous innate natal natural original native denotes that which belongs to one by birth natal that which pertains to the event of birth natural denotes that which rests upon inherent qualities of character or being we speak of one's native country or of his natal day of natural ability native genius compare inherent prime evil radical antonyms acquired alien artificial assumed foreign unnatural nautical synonyms marine maritime naval ocean oceanic marine latin mare see signifies belonging to the ocean maritime a secondary derivative from the same route bordering on or connected with the ocean as marine products marine animals maritime nations maritime laws nautical greek nautics a sailor denotes primarily anything connected with sailors and hence with ships or navigation naval latin navus greek now a ship refers to the armed force of a nation on the sea and by extension to similar forces on lakes and rivers as a naval force a nautical almanac ocean used agitably is applied to that which belongs to or is part of the ocean oceanic may be used in the same sense but is especially applied to that which borders on or upon or is connected with or which is similar to or suggestive of an ocean we speak of ocean currents oceanic islands or perhaps of an oceanic intellect neat synonyms clean cleanly dapper natty nice orderly prim spruce tidy trim that which is clean is simply free from soil or defilement of any kind things are orderly when in due relation to other things a room or desk is orderly when every article is in place a person is orderly who habitually keeps things so tidy denotes that which conforms to propriety in general and unlaced shoe may be perfectly clean but is not tidy neat refers to that which is clean and tidy with nothing superfluous conspicuous or showy as when we speak of plain but neat attire the same idea of freedom from the superfluous appears in the phrases a neat speech a neat turn a neat reply etc a clean cut has no ragged edges a neat stroke just does what is intended nice is stronger than neat implying value and beauty a cheap course dress may be perfectly neat but would not be termed nice spruce is applied to the show an affectation of neatness with a touch of smartness and is always a term of mild contempt as a spruce serving man trim denotes a certain shapely and elegant firmness often with suppleness and grace as a trim suit a trim figure prim applies to a precise formal affected nice dapper is spruce with the suggestion of smallness and slightness natty a diminutive of neat suggests minute elegance with a tendency toward the exquisite as a dapper little fellow in a natty business suit antonyms dirty disorderly dowdy negligent rough rude slouchy slovenly soiled uncared for unkempt untidy necessary synonyms essential indispensable inevitable infallible needed needful required requisite unavoidable undeniable that is necessary which must exist occur or be true which in the nature of things cannot be otherwise that which is essential belongs to the essence of a thing so that the thing cannot exist in its completeness without that which is indispensable may be only an adjunct but it is one that cannot be spared vigorous health is essential to an arctic explorer warm clothing is indispensable that which is requisite or required is so in the judgment of the person requiring it but may not be so absolutely thus the requisite is more a matter of personal feeling than the indispensable inevitable latin in not and evito shun is primarily the exact equivalent of the saxon unavoidable both words are applied to things which some at least would escape or prevent while that which is necessary may meet with no objection food is necessary death is inevitable a necessary conclusion satisfies a thinker an inevitable conclusion silences opposition an infallible proof is one that necessarily leads the mind to a sound conclusion needed and needful are more concrete than necessary and respect and end to be attained we speak of a necessary inference necessary food is what one cannot live without while needful food is that without which he cannot enjoy comfort health and strength antonyms casual contingent needless non-essential optional unnecessary useless worthless prepositions necessary to a sequence or a total for or to a result or a person unity is necessary to to constitute completeness decision is necessary for command or for a commander necessity synonyms compulsion destiny emergency essential exigency extremity fatality fate indispensability indispensableness need requirement requisite sine qua non unavoidableness urgency want necessity is the quality of being necessary or the quality of that which cannot but be become or be true or be accepted as true need and want always imply a lack necessity may be used in this sense but in the higher philosophical sense necessity simply denotes the exclusion of any alternative either in thought or fact righteousness is a necessity not a need of the divine nature need suggests the possibility of supplying the deficiency which want expresses to speak of a person's want of decision merely points out a weakness in his character to say that he has need of decision implies that he can exercise or attain it as applied to a deficiency necessity is more imperative than need a weary person is in need of rest when rest becomes a necessity he has no choice but to stop work and essential is something as a quality or element that belongs to the essence of something else so as to be inseparable from it in its normal condition or in any complete idea or statement of it compare necessary predestination antonyms choice contingency doubt doubtfulness dubiousness fortuity freedom option possibility uncertainty prepositions the necessity of surrender a necessity for action this is a necessity to me end of section 43 read by denis sayers in modesto california for libravox section 44 of english synonyms and antonyms this is a libravox recording all libravox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit libravox.org english synonyms and antonyms by james champlin fornaught neglect to notwithstanding preposition neglect synonyms carelessness default disregard disrespect failure heedlessness inadvertence inattention indifference neglect fullness negligence omission oversight remissness scorn slackness slight thoughtlessness neglect letin neck not and lego gather is the failing to take such care show such attention pay such courtesy etc as may be rightfully or reasonably expected negligence which is the same in origin may be used in almost the same sense but with a slighter force as when wittier speaks of the negligence which friendship loves but negligence is often used to denote the quality or trait of character of which the act is a manifestation or to denote the habit of neglecting that which ought to be done neglect is transitive negligence is intransitive we speak of neglect of his books friends or duties in which cases we could not use negligence negligence in dress implies want of care as to its arrangement tidiness etc neglect of once garments would imply leaving them exposed to defacement or injury as by dust moths etc neglect has a passive sense which negligence has not the child was suffering from neglect that is from being neglected by others the child was suffering from negligence would imply that he himself was neglectful the distinction sometimes made that neglect denotes the act and negligence the habit is but partially true one may be guilty of habitual neglect of duty the wife may suffer from her husband's constant neglect while the negligence which causes a railroad accident may be that of a moment and on the part of one ordinarily careful and attentive in such cases the law provides punishment for criminal negligence antonyms c synonyms for care prepositions neglect of duty of the child by the parent there was neglect on the part of the teacher new synonyms fresh juvenile late modern new fangled new fashioned new made novel recent upstart young youthful that which is new has lately come into existence possession or use a new house is just built or in a more general sense is one that has just come into the possession of the present owner or occupant modern denotes that which has begun to exist in the present age and is still existing recent denotes that which has come into existence within a comparatively brief period and may or may not be existing still modern history pertains to any period since the middle ages modern literature modern architecture etc are not strikingly remote from the styles and types prevalent today that which is late is somewhat removed from the present but not far enough to be called old that which is recent is not quite so sharply distinguished from the past as that which is new recent publications range over a longer time than new books that which is novel is either absolutely or relatively unprecedented in kind a novel contrivance is one that has never before been known a novel experience is one that has never before occurred to the same person that which is new maybe of a familiar or even of an ancient sort as a new copy of an old book young and youthful are applied to that which is life that which is young is possessed of a comparatively new existence as a living thing possessing actual youth that which is youthful manifests the attributes of youth compare youthful fresh applies to that which has the characteristics of newness or youth while capable of deterioration by lapse of time that which is unworn unspoiled or unfaded as a fresh countenance fresh eggs fresh flowers new is opposed to old modern to ancient recent to remote young to old aged etc. Antonims see synonyms for old nimble synonyms active agile alert brisk puzzling lively prompt quick speedy sprightly spry swift nimble refers to lightness freedom and quickness of motion within a somewhat narrow range with readiness to turn suddenly to any point swift applies commonly to more sustained motion over greater distances a pickpocket is nimble fingered a dancer nimble footed an arrow a racehorse or an ocean streamer is swift Shakespeare's nimble lightnings is said of the visual appearance in sudden zigzag flash across the sky figuratively we speak of nimble with swift intelligence swift destruction alert which is strictly a synonym for ready comes sometimes near the meaning of nimble or quick from the fact that the ready wide awake person is likely to be lively quick speedy compare active alert Antonims clumsy dilatory dull heavy inactive inert slow sluggish unready normal synonyms common natural ordinary regular typical usual that which is natural is according to nature that which is normal is according to the standard or rule which is observed or claimed to prevail in nature a deformity may be natural symmetry is normal the normal color of the curve is black while the normal color of the sparrow is gray but one is as natural as the other typical refers to such an assemblage of qualities as makes a specimen genus etc a type of some more comprehensive group while normal is more commonly applied to the parts of a single object the specimen was typical color size and other characteristics normal the regular is etymologically that which is according to rule hence that which is steady and constant as opposed to that which is fitful and changeable the normal action of the heart is regular that which is common is shared by a great number of persons or things disease is common a normal state of health is rare compare general usual antonyms abnormal exceptional irregular monstrous peculiar rare singular uncommon unprecedented unusual notwithstanding conjunction synonyms although but how be it however nevertheless still though yet however simply waves discussion and like the archaic how be it says be that as it may this is true nevertheless concedes the truth of what proceeds but claims that what follows is nonetheless true notwithstanding marshals the two statements face to face admits the one and its seeming contradiction to the other while insisting that it cannot after all withstand the other as notwithstanding the force of the enemy is superior we shall conquer yet and still are weaker than notwithstanding while stronger than but though and although make as little as possible of the concession dropping it as it were incidentally as though we are guilty thou art good to say we are guilty but thou art good would make the concession of guilt more emphatic compare but yet notwithstanding preposition synonyms despite in spite of notwithstanding simply states that circumstances shall not be or have not been allowed to withstand despite and in spite of refer primarily to personal and perhaps spiteful opposition as he failed notwithstanding his good intentions or he persevered in spite of the most bitter hostility when despite and in spite of are applied to inanimate things it is with something of personification in spite of the storm is said as if the storm had a hostile purpose to oppose the undertaking end of section 44 section 45 of English synonyms and antonyms this is a liberal box recording all liberal box recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit liberalbox.org recording by mario pinata english synonyms and antonyms by james jamblin-fernald oath to oversight oath synonyms adoration affidavit anathema ban blaspheming blasphemy curse cursing denunciation execration implication malediction profane swaring profanity reprobation swaring sworn statement bow in a higher sense as in a court of justice and oath is a reverent appeal to goat in corroboration of what one says abut low dictionary and affidavit is a sworn statement made in writing in the presence of a competent officer and adoration is a solemn appeal to a person in the name of god to speak the truth and oath is made to man in the name of god a bow to god without the intervention often without the knowledge of man in the lower sense and oath may be mere blasphemy or profane swaring anathema curse execration and implication are modes of invoking vengeance or retribution from a superhuman power upon the person against whom they are uttered anathema is a solemn ecclesiastical condemnation of a person or of a proposition curse may be just an authoritative as the curse of god or it may be a wanton and powerless so the curse causeless shall not come proverbs 26 2 execration expresses most of personal bitterness and hatred impregnation refers especially to the comment of the desire evil upon the person against whom it is uttered malediction is a general wish of evil a less usual but very expressive word compare testimony antonyms benediction benison blessing obscure synonyms abstruse ambiguous cloudy complex complicated dark dark some deep dense difficult dim dot full dusky and medical hidden incomprehensible and distinct intricate involved muddy mysterious profound terribid unintelligible that is obscure which the eye or the mind cannot clearly discern or see true whether because of its own want of transparency its depth or intricacy or because of mere defect of light that which is complicated is likely to be obscure but that might be obscure which is not at all a complicated and scarcely complex as a muddy pool in that which is abstruse latin apps from and through the push as if removed from the usual course of thought or out of the way of apprehension or discovery thought is remote hidden in that which is obscure there might be nothing to hide it is hard to see to the bottom of the profound because of its depth but the most shallow of turbidness is obscure compare complex dark difficult mysterious antonyms see synonyms for clear obsolete synonyms ancient antiquated archaic disused obsolescent old out of date rare some of the oldest or most ancient wars are not obsolete as fodder motor etc a word is obsolete which has quite gone out of reputable use a word is archaic which is falling out of reputable use or on your hand having been obsolete is taking up tentatively by writers or speakers of influence so that it might perhaps regain its position as a living word a word is rare if there are a few present instances of its reputable use compare old antonyms see synonyms for new obstinate synonyms consumatious decided determined dogged firm fixed headstrong heady immovable indomitable inflexible intractable mullish obdurate opinionated persistent pertinacious refractory resolute resolved the stubborn unconquerable unflinching unyielding the headstrong person is not to be stopped in his own course of action while the obstinate and stubborn is not to be driven to another's way the headstrong act the obstinate and stubborn may simply refuse to steer the most amiable person may be obstinate on some on point the stubborn person is for the most part habitually so we speak of obstinate determination stubborn resistance stubborn is the term most frequently applied to the lower animals and inanimate things refractory implies more activity of resistance the stubborn horse box the refractory animal plunges rears and kicks metals that resist ordinary processes of production are term refractory one is obdurate who adheres to his purpose in spite of appeals that would move any tenderhearted or right-minded person condemnations refers to a proud and insolent defiance of authority as of the summons of a court pertinacious demand is contrasted with obstinate refusal the unyielding conduct which we approve can call decided firm inflexible resolute that which we condemn we are up to term headstrong obstinate stubborn compare perverse antonyms amenable complacent compliant docile dutiful gentle irresolute obedient pliable pliant submissive teachable tractable undecided wavering gilding obstruct synonyms arrest bar barricade check choke clog embarrass hinder impede interrupt oppose retard stay stop to obstruct it literally to build up against the road is obstructed by fallen trees the passage of liquid through a tube is obstructed by solid deposits we might hinder once advanced by following and clinging to him we obstruct his curse by standing in his way or putting a barrier across his path anything that makes one's progress slower whether from within or from without impeds an obstruction is always from without to arrest is to cause to stop suddenly obstructing the way might have the effect of arresting progress compare hinder impediment antonyms accelerate advance aid clear facilitate forward free further open pave the way for promote old synonyms aged ancient antiquated antique decrepit elderly gray hoary in memorial olden patriarchal remote senile tam honored time worn venerable that is term old which has existed long or which existed long ago ancient from the latin through the french is the more stately old from the saxon the more familiar word familiarity on one side is near to contempt those we say an old cost an old hat on the other hand familiarity is acting to tenderness and those old is a word of endermen as the old homestead the old oaken bucket tell me the old old story has been sung feelingly by millions tell me that ancient story would remove it out of all touch of human sympathy olden is a statelier form of old and is applied almost exclusively to time not to places buildings persons etc as regards periods of time the familiar are also the near those the old times are not too far away from familiar thought and reference the olden times are more remote ancient times is still for the removed gray hoary and moldering referred to outward and visible tokens of age age applies chiefly to long extended human life decrepit gray and hoary referred to the effects of age on the body exclusively senile upon the mind also as a decrepit frame senile garrulousness one may be age and neither the crypt nor senile elderly is applied to those who have past middle life but scarcely reached old age remote latin ray back or away and move move primarily refers to space but is extended to that which is far off in time as at some remote period venerable expresses the involuntary reverence that would yield to the majestic and long enduring whether in the material world or in human life and character compare antique obsolete primeval antonym compare synonyms for new judeful operation synonyms action agency effect execution force influence performance procedure result operation this action considered with reference to the thing acted upon and might apply to the action of an intelligent agent or of a material substance or force as the operation of a medicine performance and execution denote intelligent action consider with reference to the actor or to that which he accomplishes performance accomplishing the will of the actor execution often the will of an order we speak of the performance of a duty the execution of a sentence compare act antonym failure in action ineffectiveness inefficiency in utility powerlessness uselessness order synonyms command direction injunction instruction mandate prohibition requirement instruction implies superiority of knowledge direction of authority on the part of the giver a teacher gives instructions to his pupils an employer gives directions to his workmen order is still more authoritative than direction soldiers sailors and railroad employees have simply to obey the orders of their superiors without explanation or question an order in the commercial sense has the authority of the money which the one ordering the goods pays or is to pay command is of a loftier word as well as highly authoritative less frequent in common life we speak of the commands of god or sometimes by polite hyperbole ask of a friend have you any commands for me a requirement is imperative but not always formal nor made by a personal agent it may be in the nature of things as the requirements of the position prohibition is wholly negative it is a command not to do injunction is now often is so used especially as the requirement by legal authority that certain action be suspended or refrain from pending final legal decision compare array class low prohibit system antonyms allowance consent leave liberty license permission permit ostentation synonyms boast boasting display flourish pageant pageantry parade pump pomposity pompousness show boned bonting ostentation is an ambitious show in force of whatever is thought adapted to win admiration or praise ostentation may be without words as the ostentation of wealth in fine residences rich clothing costly ecupatch or the like when in words ostentation is rather in manner than in the regular statement as the ostentation of learning boasting is in the regular statement and is louder and more bolder than ostentation there might be great display or show with little substance ostentation suggests something substantial to be shown pageant pageantry parade and pump refer principally to affairs of arms or state as a royal pageant a military parade pump is some material demonstration of wealth and power as in grand and stately ceremonial rich furnishings processions etc consider us worthy of the person or occasionally whose behalf it is manifested pump is the noble side of that which as ostentation is considered and main pageant and pageantry are in favor to pump denoting a spectacular display designed to impress a public mind and since the multitude is largely in the random toughness the words pageant and pageantry have a suggestion of dethrension and a substantial parade latin parot prepare is an exhibition as of troops in camp going through the evolutions that are to be used in battle and suggests lack of earnestness and direct or immediate occasion or demand hence in the more general sense a parade is an uncalled for exhibition and so use is a more disparaging word than ostentation ostentation may spring merrily from undue self-gratulation parade implies a desire to embrace orders with a sense of one's abilities or resources and is always offensive and somewhat contemptible as a parade of wealth and learning pomposity and pompousness are the affectations of pomp antonym's diffidence modesty quietness reserve retirement shrinking timidity and atrociveness out synonym should one ought to do that which he is under moral obligation or in duty bound to do out is the stronger word holding most closely to the sense of moral obligation or sometimes of imperative logical necessity should might have the sense of moral obligation and may apply merrily to propriety or expediency as in the proverb the liar should have a good memory that is he will need it ought is sometimes used of abstractions or inanimate things as indicating what the mind deems to be imperative or logically necessary in view of all the conditions as this goods ought to go into that space these arguments ought to convince them should in such connections would be correct but less emphatic compare duty oversight synonyms care charge command control direction inspection management superintendents supervision surveillance watch watchfulness a person may look over the matter in order to survey it carefully in its entirely or he may look over it with no attention to the thing itself because his gaze and thought are concentrated on something beyond oversight has those two contrasted senses in the letter sense denoting inadvertent error or omission and in the former denoting watchful supervision commonly implying constant personal presence superintendents requires only so much of presence or communication as to know that the superintendent's wishes are carried out the superintendent of a railroad will personally oversee very few of his operations the railroad company has supreme direction of all its affairs without superintendents or oversight control is used chiefly with reference to restraint or the power of restraint a good horseman has a restless horse under perfect control there is no high character without self-control surveillance is an ambiguous term signifying watching with something of suspicion compare care neglect end of section 45 section 46 of english synonyms and antonyms this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org recording by Estelle Jobson english synonyms and antonyms by James Champlin Fernald from pain to pay now pain ache agony anguish distress pang paroxysm suffering thorough torment torture twinge woe pain is the most general term of this group including all the others pain is a disturbing sensation from which nature revolves resulting from some injurious external interference as from a wound a bruise a harsh word etc or from some lack of what one needs craves or cherishes as the pain of hunger or bereavement or from some abnormal action of bodily or mental functions as the pains of disease envy or discontent suffering is one of the severe forms of pain the prick of a needle causes pain but we should scarcely speak of it as suffering distress is too strong a word for little hurts too feeble for the intensest suffering but commonly applied to some continuous or prolonged trouble or need as the distress of a shipwrecked crew or of a destitute family ache is lingering pain more or less severe pang a pain short sharp intense and perhaps repeated we speak of the pangs of hunger or of remorse throw is a violent and thrilling pain paroxysm applies to an alternately recurring and receding pain which comes as it were in waves the paroxysm is the rising of the wave torment and torture are intense and terrible sufferings agony and anguish express the utmost pain or suffering of body or mind agony of body is that with which the system struggles anguish is that by which it is crushed antonyms comfort delight ease enjoyment peace rapture relief solace palliate symptoms apologize for cloak conceal cover extenuate gloss over hide mitigate screen veil cloak from the French and palliate from the Latin are the same in original signification but have diverged in meaning a cloak may be used to hide completely the person or some object carried about the person or it may but partly veil the figure making the outlines less distinct cloak is used in the former palliate in the latter sense to cloak as soon as to attempt to hide it from discovery to palliate is to attempt to hide some part of its blameworthiness when we palliate our own or others faults we do not seek to cloak them altogether but only to extenuate the guilt of them in part trench study of words lecture 6 page 266 either to palliate or to extenuate is to admit the fault but to extenuate is rather to apologize for the offender while to palliate is to disguise the fault hence we speak of extenuating but not of palliating circumstances since circumstances cannot change the inherent wrong of an act though they may lessen the blameworthiness of him who does it palliating a bad thing by giving it a mild name does not make it less evil in reference to diseases to palliate is really to diminish their violence or partly to relieve the sufferer compare alleviate hide pardon verb synonyms absolve acquit condone excuse forgive overlook pass by pass over remit to pardon is to let pass as a fault or sin without resentment blame or punishment forgive has reference to feelings pardon to consequences hence the executive may pardon but has nothing to do officially with forgiving personal injury may be forgiven by the person wronged thus god at once forgives and pardons the pardon sinner is exempt from punishment the forgiven sinner is restored to the divine favor to pardon is the act of a superior implying the right to punish to forgive is the privilege of the humblest person who has been wronged or offended in law to remit the whole penalty is equivalent to pardoning the offender but a part of a penalty may be remitted and the remainder inflicted as where the penalty includes both fine and imprisonment to condone is to put aside a recognized offense by some act which restores the offender to forfeited right or privilege and is the act of a private individual without legal formalities to excuse is to overlook some slight offense error or breach of etiquette pardon is often used by courtesy in nearly the same sense a person may speak of excusing or forgiving himself but not of pardoning himself compare absolve pardon noun antonyms castigate chasing just eyes condemn convict correct doom punish recompense scourge sentence visit pardon now synonyms absolution acquittal amnesty forbearance forgiveness mercy oblivion remission acquittal is a release from a charge after trial as not guilty pardon is a removal of penalty from one who has been a judged guilty acquittal is by the decision of a court commonly of a jury pardon is the act of the executive an innocent man may demand acquittal and need not plead for pardon pardon supposes an offense yet as our laws stand to grant a pardon is sometimes the only way to release one who has been wrongly convicted oblivion from the latin signifies overlooking and virtually forgetting an offense so that the offender stands before the law in all respects as if it had never been committed amnesty brings the same idea through the greek pardon affects individuals amnesty and oblivion are set of great numbers pardon is often is applied to the ordinary administration of law amnesty to national and military affairs and amnesty is issued after war insurrection or rebellion it is often granted by an act of oblivion and includes a full pardon of all offenders who come within its provisions absolution is a religious word compare synonyms for absolve remission is a discharge from penalty as the remission of a fine antonyms penalty punishment retaliation retribution vengeance prepositions a pardon to or for the offenders for all offenses the pardon of offenders or offenses part verb synonyms compare synonyms for part noun prepositions part into shares part in the middle part one from another part among the claimants part between contestants archaic in general to part from is to relinquish companionship to part with is to relinquish possession we're part from a person or from something thought of with some sense of companionship a traveler parts from his friends he may be said also to part from his native shore a man parts within his state a horse a copyright part with may be applied to a person thought of in any sense as a possession an employer parts with a clerk or servant but part with is sometimes used by good writers as meaning simply to separate from part noun synonyms atom component constituent division element fraction fragment ingredient installment member particle piece portion section segment share subdivision part a substance quantity or amount that is the result of the division of something greater is the general word including all the others of this group a fragment is the result of breaking randing or disruption of some kind while a piece may be smoothly or even separated and have a certain completeness in itself a piece is often taken for a sample a fragment scarcely would be division and fraction are always regarded as in connection with the total divisions may be equal or unequal a fraction is one of several parts into which the whole is supposed to be divided portion is a part viewed with reference to someone who is to receive it or some special purpose to which it is to be applied in a restaurant one portion that is the amount designed for one person is sometimes by special order served to to a share is a part to which one has or may acquire a right in connection with others an installment is one of a series of proportionate payments that are to be continued till the entire claim is discharged a particle is an exceedingly small part a component constituent ingredient or element is a part of some compound or mixture an element is necessary to the existence as a component or constituent is necessary to the completeness of that which it helps to compose an ingredient may be foreign or accidental a subdivision is the division of a division we speak of a segment of a circle compare particle portion particle synonyms atom corpuscle element grain iota jot might molecule scintilla scrap shred total wit a particle is a very small part of any material substance as a particle of sand or of dust it is a general term not accurately determinant in meaning atom greek a privative not and temno cut etymologically signifies that which cannot be cut or divided and is the smallest conceivable particle of matter regarded as absolutely homogeneous and is having but one set of properties atoms are the ultimate particles of matter a molecule is made up of atoms and is regarded as separable into its constituent parts as used by physicists a molecule is the smallest conceivable part which retains all the characteristics of the substance thus a molecule of water is made up of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen element in chemistry denotes without reference to quantity a substance regarded as simple that is one incapable of being resolved by any known process into simpler substances the element gold may be represented by an ingot or by a particle of gold dust in popular language an element is any essential constituent the ancients believe that the universe was made up of the four elements earth air fire and water a storm is spoken of as a manifestation of the fury of the elements we speak of corpuscles of blood compare part antonyms aggregate entirety mass quantity some some total total whole patients synonyms calmness composure endurance forbearance fortitude leniency long suffering resignation submission sufferance patience is the quality or habit of mind shown in bearing passively and uncomplainingly any pain evil or hardship that may fall to one's lot endurance hardens itself against suffering and may be merely stubborn fortitude is endurance animated by courage endurance may by modifiers be made to have a passive force as when we speak of passive endurance patience is not so hard as endurance nor so itself is facing a submission submission is ordinarily and resignation always applied to matters of great moment while patients may apply to slight worries and annoyances as regards our relations to our fellow men forbearance is abstaining from retaliation or revenge patience is keeping kindness of heart under vexatious conduct long suffering is continued patience patients may also have an active force denoting uncomplaining steadiness in doing as in tilling the soil compare industry antonyms see synonyms for anger prepositions patients in or amid sufferings patients with rarely toward opposes or offenders patients under reflections rarely patients of heat or cold etc pay noun synonyms allowance compensation earnings fee hire honorarium payment recompense remuneration requital salary stipend wages an allowance is a stipulated amount furnished at regular intervals as a matter of discretion or gratuity as a food to besieged soldiers or of money to a child or ward compensation is a comprehensive word signifying a return for a service done remuneration is applied to matters of great amount or importance recompense is a still wider and loftier word with less suggestion of calculation and market value there are services for which affection and gratitude of the soul and sufficient recompense earnings fees hire pay salary and wages or forms of compensation and may be included in compensation remuneration or recompense pay is commercial and strictly signifies an exact pecuniary equivalent for a single service except when the contrary is expressly stated as when we speak of high pay or poor pay wages denote what a worker receives earnings is often used as exactly equivalent to wages but may be used with reference to the real value of work done or service rendered and even applies to inanimate things as the earnings of capital hire is distinctly mercenary or menial but as a noun has gone out of popular use though the verb to hire is common salary is for literary or professional work wages for handicraft or other comparatively inferior service a salary is regarded as more permanent than wages an editor receives a salary a compositor receives wages stipend has become exclusively a literary word a fee is given for a single service or privilege and is sometimes in the nature of a gratuity compare required end of section 46 recording by still jobs in Rome Italy section 47 of English synonyms and antonyms this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org recording by Ken Sterry English synonyms and antonyms by James Champlin Fernald people to perverse people synonyms commonwealth community nation population race state tribe a community is in general terms the aggregate of persons inhabiting any territory in common and viewed as having common interests a commonwealth is such a body of persons having a common government especially a republican government as the commonwealth of massachusetts a community may be very small a commonwealth is ordinarily of considerable extent a people is the aggregate of any public community either in distinction from their rulers or as including them a race is a division of mankind in the line of origin and ancestry the people of the united states include members of almost every race the use of people as signifying persons collectively as in the statement the hall was full of people has been severely criticized but is old and accepted english and may fitly be classified as idiomatic and often better than persons by reason of its collectivism as dean alfred suggests it would make a strange transformation of the old him all people that on earth do dwell to sing all persons that on earth do dwell a state is an organized political community considered in its corporate capacity as a body politic and corporate as a legislative act is the act of the state every citizen is entitled to the protection of the state a nation is an organized political community considered with reference to the persons composing it as having certain definite boundaries a definite number of citizens etc the members of a people are referred to as persons or individuals the individual members of a state or nation are called citizens or subjects the population of a country is simply the aggregate of persons residing within its borders without reference to race organization or allegiance unnaturalized residents form part of the population but not of the nation possessing none of the rights and being subject to none of the duties of citizens in american usage state signifies one commonwealth of the federal union noticed in the united states tribe is now almost wholly applied to rude peoples with very imperfect political organization as the indian tribes nomadic tribes compare mob perceive synonyms apprehend comprehend conceive understand we perceive what is presented through the senses we apprehend what is presented to the mind whether through the senses or by any other means yet perceive is used in the figurative sense of seeing through to a conclusion in a way for which usage would not allow us to substitute apprehend as sir i perceive that thou art a prophet john chapter four verse nineteen that which we apprehend we catch as with the hand that which we conceive we are able to analyze and recompose in our mind that which we comprehend we as it were grasp around take together seize embrace wholly within the mind many things may be apprehended which cannot be comprehended a child can apprehend the distinction between right and wrong yet the philosopher cannot comprehend it in its fullness we can apprehend the will of god as revealed in conscience or the scriptures we can conceive of certain attributes of deity as his truth and justice but no finite intelligence can comprehend the divine nature in its majesty power and perfection compare anticipate arrest catch knowledge antonyms fail of ignore lose miss apprehend misconceive miss overlook perfect synonyms absolute accurate blameless complete completed consummate correct entire faultless finished wholly ideal immaculate sinless spotless stainless unblemished undefiled that is perfect to which nothing can be added and from which nothing can be taken without impairing its excellence marring its symmetry or detracting from its worth in this fullest sense god alone is perfect but in a limited sense anything may be perfect in its kind as a perfect flower a copy of a document is perfect when it is accurate in every particular a vase may be called perfect when entire and unblemished even though not artistically fall less the best judges never pronounce a work of art perfect because they always see ideal possibilities not yet attained even the ideal is not perfect by reason of the imperfection of the human mind a human character faultlessly wholly would be morally perfect though finite that which is absolute is free from admixture as absolute alcohol and in the highest and fullest sense free from imperfection or limitation as absolute holiness and love are attributes of god alone in philosophical language absolute signifies free from all necessary or even from all possible relations not dependent or limited unrelated and unconditioned truth immediately known as intuitive truth is absolute god as self-existent and free from all limitation or dependence is called the absolute being or simply the absolute compare innocent infinite radical antonyms bad blemished corrupt corrupted defaced defective deficient deformed fallible faulty imperfect incomplete inferior insufficient marred meager perverted poor ruined scant short spoiled worthless permanent synonyms abiding changeless constant durable enduring fixed immutable invariable lasting perpetual persistent stable steadfast unchangeable unchanging durable from the latin durris hard is said almost wholly of material substances that resist wear lasting is said of either material or immaterial things permanent is a word of wider meaning a thing is permanent which is not liable to change as a permanent color buildings upon a farm are called permanent improvements enduring is a higher word applied to that which resists both time and change as enduring fame antonyms see synonyms for transient permission synonyms allowance authority authorization consent leave liberty license permit authority unites the right and power of control age wisdom and character give authority to their possessor a book of learned research has authority and is even called an authority permission justifies another in acting without interference or censure and usually implies some degree of approval authority gives a certain right of control over all that may be affected by the action there may be a failure to object which constitutes an implied permission though this is more properly expressed by allowance we allow what we do not oppose permit what we expressly authorize the noun permit implies a formal written permission license is a formal permission granted by competent authority to an individual to do some act or pursue some business which would be or is made to be unlawful without such permissions as a license to preach to some nice marriage or to sell intoxicating liquors a license is permission granted rather than authority conferred the sheriff has authority not permission nor license to make an arrest consent is permission by the concurrence of wills in two or more persons a mutual approval or acceptance of something proposed compare allow antonyms denial hindrance objection opposition prevention prohibition refusal resistance pernicious synonyms bad baneful deadly deleterious destructive detrimental evil foul harmful hurtful injurious insolubrious mischievous noisem noxious perverting pesterferous pestilential poisonous ruinous unhealthful unwholesome pernicious from the latin purr through and neko kill signifies having the power of destroying or injuring tending to hurt or kill pernicious is stronger than injurious that which is injurious is capable of doing harm that which is pernicious is likely to be destructive noxious from the latin nocio hurt is a stronger word than noisem as referring to that which is injurious or destructive noisem now always denotes that which is extremely disagreeable or disgusting especially to the sense of smell as the noisem stench proclaim the presence of noxious gases antonyms advantageous beneficent beneficial favorable good helpful helpful invigorating life-giving profitable rejuvenating salutary serviceable useful wholesome perplexity synonyms amazement astonishment bewilderment confusion distraction disturbance doubt embarrassment perplexity from the latin purr through and plecto plate is the drawing or turning of the thoughts or faculties by turns in different directions or toward contrasted or contradictory conclusions confusion from the latin confuses from confundo poor together is a state in which the mental faculties are as it were thrown into chaos so that the clear and distinct action of the different powers as of perception memory reason and will is lost bewilderment is akin to confusion but is less overwhelming and more readily recovered from perplexity accordingly has not the unsettling of the faculties implied in confusion nor the overwhelming of the faculties implied in amazement or astonishment it is not the magnitude of the things to be known but the want of full and definite knowledge that causes perplexity the dividing of a woodland path may cause the traveler the greatest perplexity which may become bewilderment when he has tried one path after another and lost his bearings completely with an excitable person bewilderment may deepen into confusion that will make him unable to think clearly or even to see or hear distinctly amazement results from the sudden and unimagined occurrence of great good or evil or the sudden awakening of the mind to unthought of truth astonishment often produces bewilderment which the word was formerly understood to imply compare amazement anxiety doubt persuade synonyms allure bring over coax convince dispose entice impel incite incline induce influence lead move prevail on or upon urge win over of these words convince alone has no direct reference to moving the will denoting an effect upon the understanding only one may be convinced of his duty without doing it or he may be convinced of the truth that has no manifest connection with duty or action as of a mathematical proposition to persuade is to bring the will of another to a desired decision by some influence exerted upon it short of compulsion one may be convinced that the earth is round he may be persuaded to travel around it but persuasion is so largely dependent upon conviction that it is commonly held to be the orators work first to convince in order that he may persuade coax is a slighter word than persuade seeking the same end by shallower methods largely by appealing to personal feelings with or without success as a child coax is apparent to buy him a toy one may be brought over induced or prevailed upon by means not properly included in persuasion as by bribery or intimidation he is won over chiefly by personal influence compare influence antonyms deter discourage dissuade hinder hold back repel restrain pertinence synonyms boldness briskness flippancy forwardness impertinent impudence liveliness sauciness smartness sprightliness liveliness and sprightliness are pleasant and commendable smartness is a limited and showy acuteness or shrewdness usually with unfavorable suggestion pertinence and sauciness are these qualities overdone and regardless of the respect due to superiors impertinent and impudence may be gross and stupid pertinence and sauciness are always vivid and keen compare impudence antonyms bashfulness demureness diffidence humility modesty shyness perverse synonyms contrary factious fractious throwward intractable obstinate petulant stubborn ungovernable untoward wayward willful perverse from the latin perversus turned the wrong way signifies willfully wrong or airing unreasonably set against right reason or authority the stubborn or obstinate person will not do what another desires or requires the perverse person will do anything contrary to what is desired or required of him the petulant person frets but may comply the perverse individual may be smooth or silent but is willfully intractable wayward refers to a perverse disregard of morality and duty throwward is practically obsolete untoward is rarely heard except in certain phrases as untoward circumstances compare obstinate antonyms accommodating amenable complacent compliant genial governable kind obliging end of section 47 recording by Ken Sterry section 48 of English synonyms and antonyms this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org this recording by Amy Benton English synonyms and antonyms by James Champlin-Fernald section 48 physical to poetry physical synonyms bodily corporal corporeal material natural sensible tangible visible whatever is composed of or pertains to matter may be termed material physical from the greek physis nature applies to material things considered as parts of a system or organic whole hence we speak of material substances physical forces physical laws bodily corporal and corporeal apply primarily to the human body bodily and corporal both denote pertaining or relating to the body corporeal signifies of the nature of or like the body corporal is now almost wholly restricted to signify applied to or inflicted upon the body we speak of bodily sufferings bodily presence corporal punishment the corporeal frame antonyms hyper physical immaterial intangible intellectual invisible mental moral spiritual unreal unsubstantial peak synonyms displeasure grudge irritation offense resentment umbridge peak from the french signifies primarily a prick or a sting as of a nettle the word denotes a sudden feeling of mingled pain and anger but slight and usually transient arising from some neglect or offense real or imaginary umbridge is a deeper and more persistent displeasure at being overshadowed from latin umbra a shadow or subjected to any treatment that one deems unworthy of him it may be said as a general statement that peak arises from wounded vanity or sensitiveness umbridge from wounded pride or sometimes from suspicion resentment rests on more solid grounds that is deep and persistent compare anger antonyms approval complacency contentment delight gratification pleasure satisfaction pitiful synonyms abject base contemptible despicable lamentable miserable mournful moving paltry pathetic piteous pitiable sorrowful touching woeful wretched pitiful originally signified full of pity as the lord is very pitiful and of tender mercy james verse 11 but this usage is now archaic and the meaning in question is appropriated by such words as merciful and compassionate pitiful and pitiable now refer to what may be deserving of pity pitiful being used chiefly for that which is merely an object of thought pitiable for that which is brought directly before the senses as a pitiful story a pitiable object a pitiable condition since pity however always implies weakness or inferiority in that which is pitied pitiful and pitiable are often used by an easy transition for what might awaken pity but does awaken contempt as a pitiful excuse he presented a pitiable appearance piti is is now rarely used in his earlier sense of feeling pity but in its derived sense applies to what really excites the emotion as a pitious cry compare humane mercy pity antonyms august beneficent commanding dignified exalted glorious grand great helpful lofty mighty noble sublime superb superior pity synonyms commiseration compassion condolence mercy sympathy tenderness pity is a feeling of grief or pain aroused by the weakness misfortunes or distresses of others joined with a desire to help or relieve sympathy feeling or suffering with implies some degree of equality kindred or union pity is for what is weak or unfortunate and so far at least inferior to ourselves hence pity is often resented where sympathy would be welcome we have sympathy with one in joy or grief in pleasure or pain pity only for those in suffering or need we may have sympathy with the struggles of a giant or the triumphs of a conqueror we are moved with pity for the captive or the slave pity may be only in the mind but mercy does something for those who are its objects compassion like pity is exercised only with respect to the suffering or unfortunate but combines with the tenderness of pity the dignity of sympathy and the active quality of mercy commiseration is as tender as compassion but more remote and hopeless we have commiseration for sufferers whom we cannot reach or cannot relieve condolence is the expression of sympathy compare mercy antonyms barbarity brutality cruelty ferocity hard-heartedness hardness harshness inhumanity mercilessness pitilessness rigor ruthlessness severity sternness truculence prepositions pity on or upon that which we help or spare pity for that which we merely contemplate have pity upon me oh ye my friends job 1921 pity for a horse or driven tenison in memoriam 62 stands a one plant synonyms seed seed down set set out so we set or set out slips cuttings young trees etc. that we may also be said to plant them we plant corn potatoes etc which we put in definite places as in hills with some care we sow wheat or other small grains and seeds which are scattered in the process though by modern agricultural machinery the smaller grains are almost as precisely planted as corn the old word for broadcast scattering is retained land is seated or seated down to grass antonyms eradicate extirpate root up uproot weed out plead synonyms advocate argue ask beg beseech entreat implore press solicit urge to plead for one is to employ argument or persuasion or both in his behalf usually with earnestness and opportunity similarly one may be said to plead for himself or for a cause etc or with direct object to plead a case in legal usage pleading is argumentative but in popular usage pleading always implies some appeal to the feelings one argues a case solely on rational grounds and supposedly with fair consideration of both sides he advocates on one side for the purpose of carrying it and under the influence of motives that may range all the way from cold self-interest to the highest and noblest impulses he pleads a cause or pleads for a person with still more intense feeling beseech entreat and implore imply impassioned earnestness with direct and tender appeal to personal considerations press and urge imply more determined or perhaps authoritative insistence solicit is a weak word denoting merely an attempt to secure one's consent or cooperation sometimes by sorted or corrupt motives repositions plead with the tyrant for the captive plead against the oppression or the oppressor plead to the indictment at the bar before the court in open court pleasant synonyms agreeable attractive good natured kind kindly obliging pleasing pleasurable that is pleasing from which pleasure is received or may readily be received without reference to any action or intent in that which confers it as a pleasing picture a pleasing landscape whatever has active qualities adapted to give pleasure is pleasant as a pleasant breeze a pleasant not a pleasing day as applies to persons pleasant always refers to a disposition ready and desirous to please one is pleasant or in a pleasant mood when inclined to make happy those with whom he is dealing to show kindness and do any reasonable favor in this sense pleasant is nearly akin to kind but kind prefers to act or intent while pleasant stops with the disposition many persons are no longer in a pleasant mood if asked to do a troublesome kindness pleasant keeps always something of the sense of actually giving pleasure and thus surpasses the meaning of good natured there are good natured people who by reason of rudeness and ill breathing are not pleasant companions a pleasing face has good features complexion expression etc a pleasant face indicates a kind heart and an obliging disposition as well as kindly feelings in actual exercise we can say of one usually good natured on that occasion he did not meet me with a pleasant face pleasant in the sense of gay marry jacuz the sense still retained in pleasantry is now rare and would not be understood outside of literary circles compare amiable comfortable delightful antonyms arrogant austere crabbed disagreeable displeasing dreary forbidding gloomy glom grim harsh hateful ill-humoured ill-natured offensive repellent repelling repulsive unkind unpleasant prepositions pleasant to with or toward persons about a matter plentiful synonyms abounding abundant adequate affluent ample bounteous bountiful complete copious enough exuberant full generous large lavish liberal luxuriant overflowing plenteous profuse replete rich sufficient teeming enough is relative denoting its apply equal to us given demand a temperature of 70 degrees Fahrenheit is enough for a living room of 212 degrees enough to boil water neither is enough to melt iron sufficient from the Latin is an equivalent of the Saxon enough with no perceptible difference of meaning but only of usage enough being the more blunt homely and forcible word while sufficient is in many cases the more elegant or polite sufficient usually precedes its noun enough usually and preferably follows that is ample which gives a safe but not a large margin beyond a given demand that is abundant affluent bountiful liberal plentiful which is largely in excess of manifest need plentiful is used of supplies as of food water etc as a plentiful rain zom 68 9 we may also say a copious rain but copious can be applied to thought language etc where plentiful cannot well be used affluent and liberal both apply to riches and resources liberal with a special reference to giving or expending compare synonyms for adequate affluent referring especially to riches may be used of thought feeling etc neither affluent copious nor plentiful can be used of time or space a field is sometimes called plentiful not with reference to its extent but to its productiveness complete expresses not excess or over plus and yet not mere sufficiency but harmony proportion fitness to its design or ideal ample and abundant may be applied to any subject we have time enough means that we can reach our destination without haste but also without delay if we have ample time we may move leisurely and note what is by the way if we have abundant time we may pause to converse with a friend to view the scenery or to rest when weary lavish and profuse imply a decided excess oftenest in the ill sense re rejoice in abundant resources and honor generous hospitality lavish or profuse expenditure suggests extravagance and wastefulness luxuriant is used especially of that which is abundant in growth as a luxuriant crop antonyms deficient drained exhausted impoverished inadequate insufficient mean miserly narrow niggardly poor scant scanty scarce scrimped short small sparring stingy straightened preposition plentiful in resources poetry synonyms meter metrical composition numbers poem posi rhyme song verse poetry is that form of literature that embodies beautiful thought feeling or action a melodious rhythmical and usually metrical language in imaginative and artistic constructions poetry in a very wide sense may be anything that pleasingly addresses the imagination as the poetry of motion in ordinary usage poetry is both imaginative and metrical there may be poetry without rhyme but hardly without meter or what in some languages takes its place as the hebrew parallelism but poetry involves besides the artistic form the exercise of the fancy or imagination in a way always beautiful often lofty or even sublime failing this there may be verse rhyme and meter but not poetry there is much literature that is beautiful and sublime in thought and artistic in construction which is not yet poetry because quite devoid of the element of song whereby poetry differs from the most lofty beautiful or impassioned prose compare meter antonym prosaic speech prosaic writing prose end of section 48 section 49 of English synonyms and antonyms this is a livery box recording all livery box recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit liverybox.org recording by james o'connor English synonyms and antonyms by james shamplin fernald polite to predestination polite synonyms accomplished civil complacent courteous courtly cultivated cultured elegant genteel gracious obliging polished urbane well behaved well bred well mannered a civil person observes such propriety of speech and manner as to avoid being rude one who is polite literally polished observes more than the necessary proprieties conforming to all that is graceful becoming and thoughtful in the intercourse of refined society a man may be civil with no consideration for others simply because self respect forbids him to be rude but one who is polite has at least some care for the opinions of others and if polite in the highest and truest sense which is coming to be the prevailing one he cares for the comfort and happiness of others in the smallest matters civil is a colder and more distant word than polite courteous is fuller and richer dealing often with greater matters and is used only in the good sense courtly suggests that which befits a royal court and is used of external grace and stateliness without reference to the prompting feeling as the courtly manners of the ambassador genteel refers to an external elegance which may be showy and superficial and the word is thus inferior to polite or courteous urbane refers to a politeness that is genial and successful in giving others a sense of ease and cheer polished refers to external elegancies of speech and manner without reference to spirit or purpose as a polished gentleman or a polished scoundrel cultured refers to a real and high development of mind and soul of which the external manifestation is the smallest part complacent denotes a disposition to please or favor beyond what politeness would necessarily require antonyms awkward bluff blunt borish brusque clownish course discourteous ill-behaved ill-bred ill-mannered impertinent impolite impudent insolent insulting raw rude rustic uncivil uncouth unmanorly unpolished untaught untutored polity synonyms constitution policy form or system of government polity is the permanent system of government of a state a church or a society policy is the method of management with reference to the attainment of certain ends the national polity of the united states is republican each administration has a policy of its own policy is often used as equivalent to expediency as many think honesty to be good policy polity used in ecclesiastical use serves a valuable purpose in distinguishing that which relates to administration and government from that which relates to faith and doctrine two churches identical in faith may differ in polity for those agreeing in polity may differ in faith compared to law portion synonyms lot parcel part proportion share when any hole is divided into parts any part that is allotted to some person thing subject or purpose is called a portion though the division may be by no fixed rule or relation a father may divide his estate by will among his children so as to make their several portions great or small according to his arbitrary and unreasonable caprice when we speak of a part as a proportion we think of the whole as divided according to some rule or scale so that the different parts bear a contemplated and intended relation or ratio to one another thus the portion allotted to a child by will may not be a fair proportion of the estate proportion is often used where part or portion would be more appropriate compared to part poverty synonyms begary destitution distress indigence mendicancy need populism pinery privation want poverty denotes strictly lack of property or adequate means of support but in common use is a relative term denoting any condition below that of easy comfortable living privation denotes a condition of painful lack of what is useful or desirable though not to the extent of absolute distress indigence is lack of ordinary means of subsistence destitution is lack of the comforts and in part even of the necessaries of life pinery is especially cramping poverty possibly not so sharp as destitution but continuous while that may be temporary populism is such destitution as throws one upon organized public charity for support begary and mendicancy denote poverty that appeals for indiscriminate private charity power synonyms ability aptitude capability capacity cleverness cogency competency dexterity efficacy efficiency energy expertness faculty force might qualification readiness skill strength susceptibility talent power is the most general term of this group including every quality property or faculty by which any change effect or result is or may be produced as the power of the legislature to enact laws or of the executive to enforce them the power of an asset to corona metal the power of a polished surface to reflect light ability is nearly co-extensive with power but does not reach the positiveness and vigor that may be included in the meaning of power ability often implying latent as distinguished from active power we speak of an exertion of power but not of an exertion of ability power and ability power and ability include capacity which is power to receive but ability is often distinguished from capacity as power that may be manifested in doing as capacity is in receiving one may have great capacity for acquiring knowledge and yet not possess ability to teach efficiency is active power to affect a definite result the power that actually does as distinguished from that which may do competency is equal to the occasion readiness prompt for the occasion faculty is an inherent quality of mind or body talent some special mental ability dexterity and skill are readiness and facility in action having a special in talent is innate dexterity and skill are largely acquired our abilities include our natural capacity faculties and talents with all the dexterity skill and readiness that can be acquired efficacy is the power to produce an intended effect as shown in the production of it as the efficacy of a drug efficiency is effectual agency competent power efficiency is applied in mechanics as denoting the ratio of the effect produced to the power expended in producing it but this word is chiefly used of intelligent agents as denoting the quality that brings all one's power to bear promptly and to the best purpose on the thing to be done compared to address dexterity skillful antonyms awkwardness dullness feebleness helplessness in facility impotence inability in aptitude in capacity incompetence inefficiency maledrightness stupidity unskillfulness weakness praise synonyms acclaim acclamation adulation applause approbation approval cheering cheers compliment incomium eulogy flattery laudation panagiric plaudit sycophancy praise is the hadi approval of an individual or of a number or multitude considered individually and is expressed by spoken or written words applause the spontaneous outburst of many at once applause is expressed in any way by stamping of feet clapping of hands waving of handkerchiefs etc as well as by the voice acclamation is the spontaneous and hadi approval of many at once and strictly by the voice alone thus one is chosen moderator by acclamation when he receives a unanimous viva voce vote we could not say he was nominated by applause the claim is the more poetic term for acclamation commonly understood in a loftier sense as a nation's acclaim plaudit is a shout of applause and is commonly used in the plural as the plaudits of a throne applause is also used in the general sense of praise approbation is a milder and more qualified word than praise while praise is always uttered approbation may be silent quote approbation speaks of the thing or action praise is always personal unquote from aw and jc hair guesses at truth first series page 549 brackets m a c m apostrophe 66 closing brackets acceptance refers to an object or action approbation may refer to character or natural traits approval always supposes a testing or capital examination and frequently implies official sanction approbation may be upon a general view the industry and intelligence of a clerk when his employers approbation his decision in a special instance receives his approval praise is always understood as genuine and sincere unless the contrary is expressly stated compliment is a light form of praise that may or may not be sincere flattery is insincere and ordinarily fulsome praise antonyms abuse animate version blame censure condemnation contempt denunciation disapprobation disapproval disparagement hissing ignominy obliquy reproach reproof repudiation scorn slander vilification vituperation pray synonyms ask beg beseech bid call upon conjure in treat implore importune invoke petition plead request supplicate to pray in the religious sense is devoutly to address the supreme being with reverent petition for divine grace for any favor or blessing and in the fullest sense with thanksgiving and praise for the divine goodness and mercy the once common use of the word to express any earnest request as I pray you to come in is now rare unless in writings molded on older literature or in certain phrases as pray sit down even in these please is more common I beg you is also frequently used as expressing a polite humility of request beseech and in treat express great earnestness of petition implore and supplicate denote the utmost fervency and intensity supplicate implying also humility compare to ask plead precarious synonyms doubtful dubious equivocal hazardous insecure perilous risky unassured uncertain unsettled unstable unsteady uncertain is applied to things that human knowledge cannot certainly determine or that human power cannot certainly control precarious originally meant dependent on the will of another and now by extension of meaning dependent on chance or hasn't with manifest unfavorable possibility verging towards probability as one holds office by a precarious tenure or land by a precarious title the strong man's hold on life is uncertain the invalids is precarious antonyms actual assured certain firm immutable incontestable infallible real settled stable steady strong sure undeniable undoubted unquestionable precedent synonyms antecedent authority case example instance overted dictum pattern warrant a precedent is an authoritative case example or instance the communism of the early Christians in Jerusalem is a wonderful example or instance of Christian liberality but not a precedent for the universal church through all time cases decided by irregular or unauthorized tribunals are not precedents for the regular administration of law an overted dictum is an opinion outside of the case in hand which cannot be quoted as an authoritative precedent compared to cause example predestination synonyms fate for knowledge for ordination necessity predestination is a previous determination or decision which in the divine action reaches on from eternity fate is heathen an irresistible irrational power determining all events with no manifest connection with reason or righteousness necessity is philosophical a blind something in the nature of things finding the slightest action or motion in the chain of inevitable eternal sequence for ordination and predestination are Christian denoting the rational and righteous order or decree of the supreme and all wise God for knowledge is simply God's antecedent knowledge of all events which some hold to be entirely separable from his for ordination while others hold for ordination to be inseparably involved in for knowledge antonyms accident chance choice free agency freedom free will independence uncertainty prepositions predestination of believers to eternal life end of section 49 reporting by James O'Connor Randolph Massachusetts December 2009