 In environmental hazard, flood is one of the very important hazards of the globe. It not only covers the areas where we have excessive rainfall but also it has the hazard of the tropical regions and sometimes of tropical areas. Pakistan is the best example of this hazard and most of the Pakistan belongs to the semi-arid and arid type of climate. In the summer, we get flood as a hazard. Why? Because of the rain which is due to the monsoon type of climate. A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land which is usually dry. Flooding may occur as an overflow of water from water bodies such as a river or a lake. Not only from rivers, we have to face the hazard of flood. In fact, it can be from the lake as well. There is melting water in the lake. From the side, from the mountainous region, from the melted water, from the ice, from the water sense, if the lake is filled, it can overflow. That is the hazard which is actually related with not only the river but also with the lake. So, in Pakistan, we have most of the floods that belong to the rivers. Flood can also occur in rivers when the flow rate exceeds the capacity of the river channel, particularly at bends or meanders in the waterways. Floods often cause damages of houses and businesses. Most of the floods occur in the field areas as the water in the river flows in the meander sense. That is, it moves in the shape of a stream. And mostly, the slope there is low. So, that's why when the water level exceeds the water level in the river channel, then that part of the meander will come out of the side. That part of the meander, which is at the front, or the side of the waterway, will start the erosion there and the water will overflow. So, most of the areas of the flood are actually the active flood zones where the river courses are present at this time. That is, the flow of the meander. The flow of the river flows there. There are more floods there. But there are also floodplain areas. This is an active floodplain, which is its course. But its floodplain, that is actually the area where we have nowadays the cultivated land. That is, when the river comes out, the fertile soil also comes out. And the soil there is suitable for the cultivation. The river land area or the watershed that is suitable for the agriculture crops. Seasonal crops and sometimes we are dealing with the fertile areas. Some flood as flash floods can develop in just a few minutes. And without visible sign of the rain, finally flood can be local, impact as neighboring or community or very large affecting entire river basins. So, flood not only belongs to the rain of the enclosed environment, but it also related with the meltwater. That is, flood two types. So, excessive rain will occur in a shorter period of time. Secondly, meltwater will be included in the river channel. And in this way, flood will come in the enclosed environment. In 2003, Sinh province was badly affected when above normal Moonsun rain caused flooding in the province. Urban flooding also hit Karachi where two days of rainfall of 284.5 millimetre occurred. So, it not only belongs to the rural areas or the areas which are under the agricultural environment, but we see it in the form of urban flooding as well. There were more rains and the depressions in the city were filled with water. We can see this in Karachi. In recent years, even in Lahore, we see some of the areas under water in Moonsun days. But those are actually the depressions. Now, the depressions are filled with water and that area is under flood. And that is called the urban flood. In 2010, almost most of the Pakistan was affected when massive flooding caused by record-breaking rain hit Khabar Pakhtunkhain Punjab. In September 2014, due to massive rain in the northern areas as well as Azad Jammu and Kashmir and in Pakistan's Punjab constituted flood situation in river Chinab and river Jailam. So, this flood in 2014 is a massive flood because it not only comprises of the meltwater but it also includes rain. And due to graphic impact on the slopes of the Moonsun, we were seeing the impact of the rainwater as well as the meltwater. As we have estimation, 0.75 million people in Pakistan are affected by floods each year, resulting in an annual loss of almost one percent of the total country's GDP, which is 2.7 US billion dollars. So, if we estimate it, then we have economic losses, human displacement, human deaths. So, in 2014 more than 300% were died and recently around about 112 deaths but there are economic losses as well. If we estimate it, then it is about 2.7 billion dollars, which is one percent of the GDP. Now, this slide shows the 2014 flood situation in Pakistan. This area belongs to the agricultural land. And you can see here the river embankment. Here we get human shelter. So, this is the situation of the lowland areas of Pakistan during the Moonsun season. And those are actually the river Chinab and Jailam areas. Now, this situation belongs to the developed region. Here we see most of the hazards belong to the cyclone and tropical cyclone has an impact on the environmental condition. In developed areas, most of the infrastructure we get damages. Like electricity lines, road networks, even the streets are filled with water. But here the flood is due to the cyclone. And this is actually the USA state of Pennsylvania. Here we see the impact of the hurricane. And that was actually in 2011 when the Sandy cyclone, the hurricane, had an impact on the Pennsylvania state. Now, this word map shows the areas where we have the impact of the cyclone. We get the impact of the hurricanes in North America. Similarly, the tropical cyclone is present in the Indian Ocean and mostly its impact is on South Asia. And the most dangerous type of cyclone is the tropical cyclone which we see in the southern part of India in Sri Lanka. And the third one is actually the typhoon which belongs to the Pacific Ocean. And this comprises the land related with the eastern side of China, Taiwan, the Philippines, and the southeastern part of Asia. Now, flood not only belongs to the river water and rain, but also linked with the cyclones, whose impact we see in North America, South Asia, and also in the East Asia region. When the cyclone moves, the precipitation moves with it. And there is rain too. The eye of the cyclone, its sides are covered with rain. And when it moves, it enters the continental surface with the ocean surface. So its enclosed environment is where excessive rain falls. So sometime this type of situation also creates the flooding in the area.