 A warm welcome dear aspirants, welcome to the Hindu news analysis by Shankar Iyer's academy for the day 16th July 2021. These are the list of news articles that is chosen for today's discussion. They are provided along with a page numbers of different editions. Also the link for the handwritten notes in PDF format and the time stamping for the discussed articles are provided in the description box as well as in the comments section for the benefit of mobile phone viewers. Now let us move on to the analysis of the first news article. Today being the world snake day, these series of articles about snake bites that is displayed below are published in the Trivandrum edition. So in this context, let us have a comprehensive overview or a comprehensive understanding on snake bites. As per the Hindu, snake bites account for around 58,000 deaths in the country annually and remember that the snake bite is classified as a neglected tropical disease. I repeat a neglected tropical disease. See it is estimated that of every 100 snake bites approximately 65 are non venomous and half of the remaining that is 35 are dry bites. See a dry bite is a bite wherein a venomous snake bites without actually injecting the venom. So apart from the non venomous and dry bites about 15 to 17% of the snake bites result in end venom and it is these that are actually dangerous. See a majority of bites occur in individuals at their work sites, fields, plantations, sawmills, brick kilns, poultry farms at their homes and it is found to be more in the case of snake rescuers because they happen to handle snakes in an irrational manner. Now if you see the incidence of snake bites, most of the bites it occur in villages in individuals between 25 to 60 years of age. Highlights that these deaths have enormous social as well as economic fallout because of this age bracket that is there are high chances for the breadwinners to lose their lives due to snake bites. Also remember that the snake bites peak immediately after the onset of the monsoon and more snakes deliver in the period of July to September and note that one should be particularly aware if one juvenile snake is seen as there is a likelihood of a larger numbers around because they happen to be newly hatched. Now commonly what happens is once the snake bites people become anxious. Now here you should note that this anxiety actually worsens the medical consequence of snake bite because anxiety increases the absorption of venom. So experts suggest the following steps post snake bite. The first and foremost thing should be to allay the anxiety and the next is to keep the bitten limb dependent that is below the level of the heart. This is because doing so will slow down the blood circulation in vital organs and it is also important to note that one should never cut or suck the bitten part as shown in the movies and besides this a tight ligature or a tourniquet should also be avoided. This is because tying something tight or tying something binding on the bitten limb retards the arterial blood flow and this can lead to more complications in the future. So this should also be avoided. So the best thing to do when a person is bitten by a snake is to rush to the nearest hospital and an anti-snake venom is the only scientific cure for snake bite that is available at present and conventionally we in India we administer a polyvalent anti-venom that is an anti-venom which is a cocktail of the venom derived from four snake species and these four snake species includes the Russell's Viper, Cobra, Common Crate and also the Saw Scaled Viper. So for any snake bites no matter what all the four anti-venom is administered as a cocktail polyvalent. So due to this there are high possibility of side effects. So in order to minimize this side effect the exact venom that caused the problem needs to be known so that the monovalent anti-venom can be administered. So it is in this place technology comes to a help and thanks to a technology because a device called V-Sense is now able to identify the venom in the blood or in other words to identify the exact venom that caused the problem and this V-Sense device functions like a glucometer wherein simply a drop of blood can detect the venom in the blood and a business startup that is tied up with Sri Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology has done this innovations so with that a monovalent anti-venom could be administered with minimal side effect. But of course as the famous proverb says prevention is better than cure. So as a precaution it is important for us to keep our houses clean and also to keep a devoid of rats because the presence of rats have got high chances of attracting snakes towards our house. Next it is also important to keep the chicken coops away from the house and apart from this it is important to use a flashlight and also to wear a footwear at night and also a well tucked mosquito net while sleeping can keep snakes away from people and besides all these not stacking firewood against the wall of the house will keep the environment free of snakes. See Kerala faces the mayonnaise of snake bite and in Kerala if one spots a snake then they can click a photo of the snake on their smartphone and they can upload it in an app called Sarpa and on doing so the snake rescue team that is trained by the Kerala Forest Department will reach the location and they will rescue the snake and release it in a safe environment and this is a very good model that can be adopted in other parts of India and in northeast as well where the snake bite mayonnaise is high. So these are some of the points that is important for us from these series of articles. Now having known that let us move on to the next news discussion. Now let us take up this editorial article for a discussion. See in a democratic country like India the executive should abide by the constitution and this is a wide known fact and there is no doubt regarding this and by the same logic the executive is also answerable to the lawfully elected government so this answerability and constitutional adherence keeps a check on the police conduct in a democratic nation like ours but recently there has been a lot of judicial interference in police investigations and this editorial is written in this backdrop. So come let us move into the article to know the important views that is shared by the author the syllabus covered by this editorial article is highlighted below for your reference. See last year we all heard about the cruel death of George Floyd and many of us even saw that video and for those who are not aware an African-American named George Floyd was killed due to the police brutality in the United States of America and the police officer was involved in this George Floyd's murder was finally sentenced to a 22 to a 22 and a half years in prison for committing such an horrific murder and similarly in Satan Kulam a Punjay town on Tutukudi district of Tamil Nadu a 58 year old father and his 31 year old son was subject to police brutality last year and they died as a result of this horrible police brutality and according to the author all these incidents have widened the distrust between the police and the people and because of this distrust currently even the hornest police officers are facing many hurdles and restrictions while investigating crime and also according to the author our judicial system has increased its interference in the working of the police due to the distrust and the author stresses that these interferences are even against the observations of the Supreme Court of India or in other words to understand better see according to the Supreme Court of India courts have got no authority to direct an investigating officer to in turn direct the arrest of any particular individual connected with a crime but in reality many courts in India do not follow this Supreme Court's order and there have been many instances where the subordinate judicial officers have directed the investigating officer to affect the arrest of a particular individual who had come to adverse notice as a suspect in the commission of a crime and even many high courts in India are guilty of this misstep also according to the author there have been many instances of courts bullying police officers see the hacks of courts directing the arrest of an individual is against the roots of our criminal justice ethics see we follow the basic principle of innocent unless proven guilty so the direction of courts to the police during a criminal investigation is against this basic principle of innocent until proven guilty and it is also harmful to police morale and it further affects the efficiency of investigations and it will also widen the distrust between the police and the people and apart from all these it highlights that a judicial system lacks faith and questions the integrity of our police system and this in turn will affect the thinking capability of our police officers which will again make them to do questionable acts see the court of criminal procedure gives the investigating officer the power to make decisions like arrest and searches and the officer can even drop the investigation if he or she may see it as the right course of action so the court of criminal procedure gives the investigating officer sufficient discretion in these matters but the courts interfere in the day to day investigation of our police system and this is not only undesirable but it is also not sanctioned by law so the author believes that the judicial system especially the lesser courts should not give directions in the matter of arrests and searches and also courts should remember that the police have a well established hierarchy that is obligated to ensure objectivity during a criminal investigation and as we know every investigation is supervised by at least two immediate senior officers and in the most important cases there are a few more levels of supervisions as well and it is the duty of the supervisory officers to ensure that every investigation is handled both lawfully as well as impartially and only when these supervisory officers fail in their duty because of incompetence or external pressure they deserve to be pulled by courts but not before that. Now having discussed all this now you can have a question then how can we keep a check on police misconduct and the author here explains that as well see the author stresses the importance of a first information report in fighting the police misconduct that is according to the author the executive as well as the common man should be made aware of this first information report and many even today believe that the FIR or the first information report is not compulsory but this is not the case see according to a law it is mandatory that every police station in the land should register a complaint under the relevant sections of a statute the moment a cognisable offence is made out in the complaint the complaint may be false or frivolous in order to settle personal scores but the basic requirement is registration and this is an important safeguard against police misconduct and also the code of criminal procedure makes it obligatory for the investigating officer to write a diary that details the action taken every day following the registration and the witness statements are also included in that diary so when in doubt the competent court which already has a copy of the first information report can demand to see the case diary and if the content of such a diary establishes the complicity of an individual then the court can question an investigation officer as to what he or she proposed to do on the basis of such evidence but directing an investigating officer to go ahead with an heiress even before he or she has scrutinized the evidence collected is unsustainable in law so to conclude the author also agrees that there are many dishonest police officers who sabotage an investigation to save an offender for monetary consideration and the author doesn't deny it but this does not mean that all police officers are corrupt so interfering in police investigations doesn't seem justified at all times and with this we have come to the end of this editorial discussion with this let us move on to the next part of the discussion now let us take up these two news articles for discussion see we are aware that the members of Shanghai Cooperation Organization met in Dushanbe, Tajikistan recently and alongside this a meeting between the external affairs minister of India and his Chinese counterpart was organized and according to a news article certain issues relating to border security were discussed during the bilateral meeting so in this context let us move forward with a news article discussion in order to delve more into the concept or the issue the syllabus covered by this article is given below see border issue seems to be one of the major subjects of discussion for India when it attends any multilateral or bilateral talks and note that maintaining a peaceful border is critical for India in order to improve the socio-economic condition of the nation so in that way we are aware that India is trying to settle the border disputes with its neighboring countries and in our discussion today we shall focus on the recent border issue that is going on between India and China with special reference to the western sector of India-China border now before discussing the current issues know that India and China have fought a war in the year 1962 in which India suffered a humiliating defeat and after such an incident there was a serious setback in the bilateral relations between India and China and the disengagement in any relationship between the two countries continued till the year 1988 later India and China they began to engage with each other when the maintenance of peace and tranquility in the border areas became the foundation for the development of ties but unfortunately the relations between India and China have been worsening in recent months and it became evident when the two world powers they competed against each other along their disputed border in the Himalayan region and this happened in the year 2020 in the region named Garwin Valley note that the site of the clash was on the de facto border that is a line of actual control or LAC between the two countries and media reports say that troops clashed on ridges at nearly 14 000 feet high along steep terrain with some soldiers even falling into the fast flowing Garwin River in sub-zero temperatures and after further escalation it was reported that nearly 20 Indian soldiers lost their lives which is said to be the first fatal confrontation between the two sides since the year 1975 but it did not just end here because China took this as an opportunity and it started to occupy the regions along the line of actual control and it included areas such as Devsang, Demchok, Goghra and also Hot Springs now here you should know that Chinese troops are yet to be relocated in order to restore the previously existed state of affairs hence in order to solve these issues a meeting between the external affairs minister of India and his Chinese counterpart was organized and in that meeting the external affairs minister of India reiterated India's view by saying that continuing deadlock along the line of actual control was visibly impacting the relationship in a negative manner but the question is was China acknowledging the issues and to know this let us see the response of Chinese external affairs minister firstly Chinese minister offered a starkly different message calling on both sides to place the border issue in an appropriate position and this has to be done while both sides engage to expand the positive momentum of bilateral cooperation and create favorable conditions for resolving differences through negotiations secondly the minister repeated China's view that the responsibility does not lie with the Chinese side for the LAC or the line of actual control crisis hence differing from India's view in the assessment of how to tackle the remaining issues along the LAC note that earlier the external affairs minister of India highlighted that disengagement in the Pangong Lake area had created conditions for resolving the remaining issues the issues with respect to Devsang, Demchok that we mentioned earlier in the discussion but Mr Wang did not refer to any remaining issues and also the Chinese minister conveyed that the overall situation in the border area was de-escalated as soon as the frontier troops disengaged in the Garwin Valley and the Pangong Lake areas and finally he said that China is ready to find a solution acceptable to both sides on the issue that needs emergency response through negotiation and consultation and the inference from the bilateral meet is that China is not ready to acknowledge its occupation of areas along the line of actual control and it is in no hurry to resolve the bordered issues with India as well and learning from the recent development in bilateral relationship editorial article concludes that without resolving the border issue India and China cannot put the distrust of the past behind and with this we have come to the end of these two article discussion now let us move on to the next part of our Hino News Analysis now let us take up this article from the business column see recently the government has begun the process for LIC disinvestment so moving forward the government has invited bits from merchant bankers and also from legal advisors for advising it on the proposed mega initial public offer so in this context let us discuss about the initial public offering but before discussing the initial public offering we must know what is a public issue see when an entity makes an issue or offer of shares to new investors for becoming a part of the shareholders family then it is called a public issue and this public issue is further classified into initial public offer and further public offer so to make it clear know that initial public offer is a part of public issue now let us discuss both the instruments in brief that is both initial public offer and also about the further public offer in a very brief manner now first comes the initial public offer see when an unlisted company makes a fresh issue of shares or convertible securities for the first time to the public it is called an initial public offer similarly when an unlisted company offers its existing shares or convertible securities for sale for the first time to the public it is also called an initial public offering now later on this paves way for listing and trading of the issuers shares or convertible securities on the stock exchanges or in simple terms when an unlisted company goes public to issue shares or convertible securities for the first time it is called an initial public offering see when we say a company has gone public it means that it is offered its shares to the public at large and that it is ready to get listed at the stock exchanges of the country and for additional information the initial public offerings are regulated in India under the relevant provisions of the Securities and Exchange Board of India issue of Capital and Disclosure Requirements Regulations 2018 and also under the company's Act of 2013 now coming to further public offer see when an already listed company makes either a fresh issue of shares or convertible securities to the public or an offer for sale to the public then it is called an further public offer that is a follow on public offer is the issuance of shares after the company is listed on a stock exchange or in other words a further public offer is an additional issue whereas an initial public offer is an initial or first issue see generally a listed company refers to a company which has any of its securities listed on any recognized stock exchange so this is all about the initial public offering and also about further public offer so with this we have come to the end of this topic discussion now let's move on to the next news article now let us take up this news article see this article is regarding the drone rules of 2021 we have already covered about the drones and its applications in detail in our June 17th 2021 in the news analysis so interested aspirants can go through that video for information regarding drones and its applications now in this discussion let us focus on the drone rules of 2021 see the ministry of civil aviation has recently released the updated drone rules of 2021 for public consultation so in this slide let us see the key takeaways from this draft drone rules 2021 see according to the draft drone rules of 2021 drones without a unique identification number will not be allowed to operate unless exempted so this means that the drone operators will have to generate a unique identification number of a drone by providing the required details on the digital sky platform see this digital sky platform is an initiative by the ministry of civil aviation and it aims to provide a secure and a scalable platform that supports drone technology frameworks see these drone technology frameworks will enable flight permission digitally and it will also manage the unmanned aircraft operations and traffic efficiently note that this digital sky platform will also be developed as a business friendly single window online system with minimal human interference and most permissions will be self-generated now coming back to the rules see the draft drone rules of 2021 have included many new safety features now for example safety features like real-time tracking beacon and geo fencing are included in the drone rules so what is this geo fencing see geo fencing is the use of technology like global positioning system or GPS or the radio frequency identification to create a virtual geographic boundary which enables the software to trigger a response when a drone enters or leaves a particular area and this is what is called as geo fencing now coming back again see the draft drone rules of 2021 states that an interactive airspace map with green yellow and red zones will be displayed on the digital sky platform and similarly no pilot license will be required for nano drones that are used by the research and development organizations know that the draft drone rules of 2021 further states that there will be no restriction on drone operations by foreign owned companies registered in India and import of drones and drone components will be regulated by the direct rate general or foreign rate also no security clearance will be required before any registration or license issuance of drones and further the rules have also increased the coverage of drones from 300 kilogram to 500 kilogram and this increase in coverage will help the new rules to cover drone taxis also when it comes to the issuance of the certificate of hairworthiness the new rules have delegated that to the quality council of India and the certification entities authorized by it and finally the drone rules of 2021 states that the ministry of civil aviation will facilitate the development of drone corridors for cargo deliveries and it will also set up a drone promotion council in order to facilitate a business friendly regulatory regime so these are some of the important takeaways from this draft drone rules of 2021 now let us move on to see what the next news article's got to tell us now look at this news article it reports about the reservations announced by the Andhra Pradesh government for the Kapoor community and other economically weaker sections as per the news the Andhra Pradesh government is announced a 10 percent reservation for the Kapoor community and also for other economically weaker sections for appointments in the initial post and services in the government and this measure is done in accordance with the constitution 103rd amendment act of 2019 and as we know the constitution 103rd amendment introduced economic reservation by amending article 15 and article 16 to allow reservation for the economically backward in the unreserved category and the amended article is given below for your reference aspirants can go through it so in this context let's very briefly see about this Kapoor community see the Kapoor's are primarily an agrarian community based in the Andhra Telangana region and they are one of the dominant caste groups with political influence in the state know that the Kapoor community comprises of nearly 26 percent of the state's five crore people and as per sources the Kapoor's are the original cultivator caste who migrated from the Gangetic plain thousand years ago and as per sources following their migrations they are said to have entered the present day Telangana and they are said to have settled down there after clearing the forest along the banks of river Godavari and this is cited to be one of the reasons why even today there is a heavy concentration of Kapoor's along the Godavari down to the Andhra area and in fact they form core of the middle caste of Andhra Pradesh although farming continues to be their mainstay in the course of time a section among them took to trade and business now coming back to the news article see the government has also prescribed some operational guidelines for the implementation of the 10% reservation and according to this persons were not covered under the existing scheme of reservation for the scheduled caste, scheduled tribes and socially and educationally backward classes and whose gross annual family income is below 8 lakh are to be identified as the economic weaker section for the benefit of the reservation and the income mentioned here includes the income from all sources for the financial year prior to the year of applications so these are some of the important points that we need to know from this article now let us move on to the next news article now look at this clipping it displays an announcement of gratitude towards a government for the institution of the new ministry of cooperative in the government of India see this new ministry of cooperative is instituted with an objective to empower and uplift the people and the organizations who serve in the cooperative sector and this ministry will bring in the people serving across various sectors like banking farming fisheries manufacturing etc under a single hamrila body to mainstream their development and to improve their life quality and it is also expected to increase the income of people who are serving in these sectors and further expand their employment opportunities and note that a current minister of home affairs is taking up the responsibility as India's first minister of cooperative sector and for your additional information we have already discussed about the cooperatives in a 12th july in the news analysis aspirants can go back and refresh your learning on it now look at this news article it reports about a ring well that was found at keeladi recently a few days back on july 5th a well decorated ring well with two embossed rope decorations on the exterior was found and now the archaeological department have found yet another ring well at the southeastern part of the quadrant and just like the previous one this ring well too had decorations in it and for information we had a very elaborate discussion on the keeladi in a 14th july 2021 in the news analysis so we would request the aspirants to kindly go back and watch it now coming back the news article mentions about the artifact and the various terracotta jewellery that were found at the site and this includes hopscotches, weavers tools, microglass beads, semi-precious stone beads, golden wire etc. now moving on to the next news article see this article talks about the reported zika cases as per the news 28 zika cases were reported from the tirvanandaburam district and following this the kerala health department has sent a statewide alert to test all cases of fever with rashes for zika virus and on that line the kerala ministers for health and the local self-government held a joint review meeting to organize coordinated micro level plants for containment across districts and if you remember we had a comprehensive analysis on this zika infection and its associated causes concerns symptoms and also on the preventive measures in our 9th july 2021 hindo news analysis so aspirants kindly go back and brush up your memory on it now coming to this article see it reports about the death incident of a young male leopard after getting trapped in a snare in a few hundred meters from the ot kunur road and this happened when the leopard was trying to enter a small farm adjoining a cattle pen and officials said that the owner of the property had put up barbed wire fences in order to prevent the animal from entering and preying on the dogs that he was raising but however a case has been registered against the owner of the land and strict action is expected to be taken against the perpetrators so in this context we had a discussion on the important facts related to leopards on our 6th july 2021 hindo news analysis so aspirants can go back and revise it let us now move on to the practice question discussion now let us take up this practice question regarding initial public offering statement one says that initial public offering refers to fresh issue of shares or convertible securities for the first time to the public via listed company and statement two says that it is regulated by the reserve bank of india under the reserve bank of india act of 1934 so we need to find the incorrect statement now coming to the first statement see this statement is incorrect because as discussed earlier when an unlisted company makes a fresh issue of shares or convertible securities for the first time to the public then it is called an initial public offering but here it is given as a listed company so therefore this statement is wrong now coming to the second statement as we saw earlier the indian initial public offerings are regulated in india under the relevant provisions of the securities and exchange board of india issue of capital and disclosure requirements regulation 2018 and also under the company's act of 2013 but here it is mentioned as the rbi act so therefore this statement is also incorrect and since the question wants us to identify only the incorrect statement the correct option here is option c that is both one and two now look at this question about the applications of drones and this question was asked in the recent prelims 2020 look at the question consider the following activities statement one spraying pesticides on a crop field statement two inspecting the craters on off an active volcano and statement three collecting breath samples from spouting whales for DNA analysis so at the present level of technology which of the above activities can be successfully carried out using drones see here all the statements are correct because drones are used to spray pesticides on a crop field to save manpower similarly they are used by volcanologists to study craters of volcanoes and likewise it is also being used to collect samples from whales so since all the statements are correct the right answer is option d that is one two and three the list of main's practice questions is displayed below the aspirants can write your answers and post them in the comment section so with this we have come to the end of today's endo news analysis if you like the video then don't forget to like comment and share and do subscribe to shankar eyes academy youtube channel for more updates regarding UPSC civil services preparation