 Welcome back to corporate governance and we are moving forward with the leadership aspect of corporate governance. Today, we are going to do an exercise and this exercise is basically called leaders view. We are going to make this interactive, so therefore I would like to request all of you to please take out a piece of page and have a pencil or a pen which is going to be ready and based upon that we will be moving forward with this particular exercise which would be giving a perspective towards leadership especially in the context of a student of corporate governance. Now, when we are talking about leaders then leaders differ in how they view human nature and the tactics they use to get things done to others. This exercise is intended to encourage students to reflect carefully on their current views on leadership. So, we have leadership dilemmas, we see that leaders have different styles, we see that leaders take different decisions, we see that their perspective is different, we look at the bigger picture and many a times they are looking at the long term rather than the short term and therefore it could be that the leaders decision might even be in contradiction of a followers perspective. Nelson Mandela, one of the top leaders of the 20th century, he basically mentioned once that leaders have to take difficult decisions and a leader is not a leader if they cannot take those difficult decisions which would not be popular. So, we see that in Nelson Mandela's leadership Nelson Mandela would take those decisions which everyone thought at the moment would be wrong but in the long term they always emerged to benefit the nation and that is what a leader should do. So, let us look at this exercise ladies and gentlemen, you will be thinking about each point that I am talking about and either agree or disagreeing with it and then at the end you will have a complete score and you can share the score with me later on through some communication. So, the first perspective is overall it is better to be humble and honest than to be successful and dishonest. So, the first point is overall it is better to be humble and honest than to be successful and dishonest. So, usually when we are looking at this particular point the answer is always going to be humble and honest but unfortunately what is being practiced is something else. We see this at the global level, we see this at the national level and we see it at the institutional level but again it is a matter of perspective to see that is success more important or is honesty more important and sometimes when you want to be successful then you are thinking of doing different shortcuts of doing things by maybe undertaking different corrupt practices and sometimes being non-married based and therefore there could be many compromises. The second point is if you trust someone completely you are asking for trouble. So, is it that we have to trust people 100% or 50% but then there is another very famous saying that either there is 100% trust or there is no trust at all because even in 99% trust it basically means that you do not trust the person. So, again it is how you look at leaders can we trust leaders there is something which has been going on in Pakistan for many years which is called the trust deficit and that trust deficit is basically with the leadership do the words and actions work in symphony and harmony or is there a divide between the words and actions of any leader that is very important. A leader should take action only when it is morally right. So, again many people talk about this that leaders should always take morally right questions and therefore one should be very careful of how things are being done. Now, when we are looking at leadership again another question which emerges is a good way to handle people is to tell them what they like to have. So, again is it that leadership is being about being a populist is it about only talking what people want to hear or maybe sometime sharing what they do not want to hear but would be for their betterment. There is no excuse for telling a white lie to someone and again that is very important that can leaders speak lies should leaders speak lies and what is the extent to lying that can be accepted by the public. So, that is very modern it makes sense to flatter important people. So, there is this thing that buttering or flattering or praising people unnecessarily that tends to get the work done should leaders indulge in that most people who get ahead as leaders have led very moral lives. So, again this is something that we do see but on the other hand we also see that there are many leaders who have basically reached the pinnacle of life or of their careers through immoral activity. So, that is extremely important and you have to decide what do you think is correct or incorrect and you will then reach a final score. Well, another question is is it better not to tell people the real reason you did something unless it benefits you to do so. So, yeah this is a perspective that you can look at that do we keep secrets do we share secrets what are professional secrets what are institutional secrets we have the official secrecy act as a law in Pakistan should that be applicable in the corporate sector should not be applicable in the corporate sector all of these questions are basically coming to our mind and you can again see that do you agree or disagree with them. The majority of people are brave good and kind. So, is it that humans are fundamentally good and kind and brave or is it something which is opposite to that please take a decision is it hard to get to the top without cutting corners. So, usually many people think that without cutting corners you cannot reach the top. So, unless you know how to cut them only then can you reach the top. So, this is another question. So, ladies and gentlemen based upon these different questions what I want you to do is is write that you think it is correct or incorrect or it is true or false and then you count how many corrects you have and how many incorrects you have and see which is the larger number. So, again the statements themselves are a learning process, but more so it would be a reflection of your understanding of leadership of ethical behavior and of doing things molly correct. So, do we want to do them or do we not want to do them that basically differs from person to person. Thank you so much.