 Good morning everybody. So I had actually put together a presentation that they completely changed just yesterday because first I read Richard's contribution to the electricity newspaper. So what I wanted to talk about originally was what you find actually in the newspaper, in the electricity newspaper. It's about top-down and bottom-up cities and that's the article we did with Anthony Townsend. But then I realized that Adam was going to talk about it and you know Richard was going to talk about SONDO. So I changed it completely yesterday and I wanted to talk to you today, read about yes we all agree that SONDO and similar examples are not the good example of smart cities and you know they are not they don't have that complexity that Richard was talking about before. But then then how do we move forward you know what is really there to last because something is happening that's what we are discussing here today. So let's look at those dimensions and so if this is not the model what are the things that will last and I think there's two components one is how this technology this technology that radically changed our lives. Nothing in what we do today in the way we live, we work, we meet people, we mate, we everything is different than it was like 15-20 years ago. So how this technology is actually changing design, the design of our cities, our buildings, our objects and how that has then an impact on people. And then the other thing is more Manforian. If you think about Luis Manfor, he said how actually this technology is changing people, is changing all of us and then design our cities will change as a consequence. So that is actually what I wanted to briefly go through with you in the in the next few minutes and I usually start with a metaphor with an analogy to explain what is happening today. You know the analogy is Formula One. 10-15 years ago if you wanted to win a Formula One race you needed a good car and a good driver. You needed actual physical stuff. Today if you want to win a Formula One race you also need something like this. A system made of thousands and thousands of sensors onto the car, collecting information in real time, sending it to those computers where they are analyzed their process and decisions are made in real time. In other terms that's what engineers called real time control systems which are basically made of two components, a sensing component and an actuating component. And sensing and actuating really is the basis of life is you know when we see each other we sense each other, we shake hands, collect information from each other and then respond to that information. Now the amazing thing I believe that we heard about yesterday today is that our cities are starting to behave like that Formula One racing car. Our cities have been covered with layers and layers of technology, of sensors, of networks and because of that the way we can understand them, the way we can design them and ultimately living them is changing. Almost as if every atom out there will become in both the sensor and the actuator. Well you might say all of this is fine but what are the profound consequences of this? And you know is this going to lead to experiments like Songdo and similar or to other thing? And I think it was an interesting exhibition at MoMA, the Museum of Modern Art a few months ago we were part of it last year actually. The title was Talk to Me and the idea is that all of this technology is actually allowing our cities, our environment to respond to us in a more dynamic way, almost to talk to us. It's almost like the old dream of Michelangelo when he sculpted the Moses he saw the story goes, he took a hammer, he threw the hammer at the Moses and shouted Perkenon Parli, why don't you speak? And today for the first time our cities, our buildings, our homes, our objects are starting to speak back to us. And I think if we start from here then we can understand how Smart City, that's a terrible name, we like to call it more sensible city, can actually bring about that complexity that Richard was talking about. And I'll briefly go through some example. I think it's a field that's really, it's still tentative, it's what's happening today, it's just an exploration. I want to share with you some exploration both on this level, technology changing design and having impact on people and later technology, people and design. Now on this side, how then technology can allow us to make design that are more responsive. It's the old dream that you find also in the Baroque times. You know, when you look at look at the beautiful Baroque masterpieces, they're trying to look alive. They're trying to capture movement. But there's actually a tragedy there. They're setting stone, they're setting bricks, you know, they cannot move, they look alive, but they're dead. Today we can do something that's more alive. That's a project we've been involved with since Saragosa, Spain at the World Expo just before Shanghai. And Mayor came to us with a simple question, you know, water has been a great ingredient of planning architecture for centuries. How can we use water today in a different way? And you know, if you wanted to come up at MIT was imagine the pipe, like you see here, and dead pipe has many solenoid valves opening and closing. Then you create all can create almost like a living water wall where you can write your images, text pictures, you approach it, it opens up to let you in. So then that led to the design of the building at the entrance of the Expo. We call the digital water pavilion. The whole building is made of water. There's no doors or windows, but when you approach it actually the building opens up to let you in. And then when you're inside all the walls expand and shrink based on how many people you have there. The roof is also covered with a thin layer of water. And then if there's too much wind, you can lower the roof to minimize splashing. Or at the end of the day, you can actually close the building and the whole architecture disappears. Hopefully without anybody underneath. There's their sensors for that as well. And here you can see the building before the opening. You see this guy was with a trolley stopping by. He stopped there just for 15 minutes trying to figure out what the hell was going on there. This was the physical pixels made of water plus projections on the top of that. This was myself trying not to get wet. And here I wanted to share with you another interesting aspect of technology. Actually one night all of the computers that control the building, the building is made of thousands of sensors and so on. It's very easy to interact with. You don't see that people from 5-year-old age to 95-year-old age can interact with it. But all of those computers stop working so that the building would keep on doing its own crazy things, but stop responding to people. So the sensors that detect when people approach stop working. And that night we were terrified because we wouldn't know what would happen. But actually that night was one of the most fun nights ever. With thousands of kids from all of Saragossa coming to the building to play a different game like this. And for us there was an interesting thing because as architects and engineers we always think we know how people will behave in our spaces. Like you know Corbusier thought about in the V-radius as we saw before. But actually reality, especially human reality. And especially when things become interaction between people and the city becomes more dynamic. Then is always a surprise. Now all of this, this idea of technology actually allowing to have more responsive designs. Designs with which we can engage more in this living responsive way. Can apply to many other things. I'll go briefly. Can apply to bus stops that can give you real time information. Just very simply you just touch, it tells you where to go. Think about how difficult it is in London here when you have like five or different bus routes at every bus stop. It just takes you five minutes to understand where is the right one. And you know how this allows you to give back this information into the city. The same thing that's a project that we presented at the design fair in Milan this year about kitchen and cooking and how they change the dimension. I'll go briefly or you know really how everything is a mirror that allows you to see yourself in front and back. But how this technology changes can change design and hence our interaction with the environment. But very briefly what I find most exciting is actually how technology is changing our life. And that then has an impact on design of our cities. And briefly an example from MIT. If you look at this it's our campus. Almost like a small city. You see Boston, MIT, Harvard, don't bother. And then you know what happened is that it was one of the first campuses where the whole place was covered with Wi-Fi. And then people used to work as you see on the left here and now they're working more as you see on the right. A big change. Now the interesting thing, I mean that's a bit exaggerated. I found the most boring computer room I could find to the left and you know in the nice sunny day to the right. It's probably not like this today with snow and freezing and gale on campus. But then what you can do is use actually the same network from MIT to understand this transformation. You can get all this information from the Wi-Fi to see how people live and move on campus. And you know look at this that's aggregated information. You see how much, when and where people work. You see Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Sunday. Look at that that's aggregated all campus at the top. You see you know just a few people are the lucky few working 9 to 5. Most people still work quite late. Till 10, 11. But still in the middle of the night a lot of activity. And that repeats on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday. Not Friday when activity actually slips away in the afternoon as you see. Saturday and Sunday is still quite normal working days with something interesting on Sunday night. You see there average it happens all the time around 9 p.m. And that's actually when you realize shit tomorrow is Monday again and you go back to work. So if you look at that and if you look at this and analyze all these things you get interested in mathematical analysis. It tells you really how work is changing. And you see actually how people work in different ways over the whole campus in combining you know different usage that were not what it were before. It was not Corbusier City where you got different things for different activities. But activities are starting to overlap. You know we are exploring this in the case of a new city we are designing in Mexico. Here we're looking at how public spaces can become places where you also work. Where actually the courtyards the beautiful Mexican courtyards can become extensions of the office. Traditional courtyards or new courtyards where you can actually you can actually work outdoors most of the year. How this can become also a project on the Himalayas where you can stay longer and again make your home in your office up there in a beautiful setting or all the way to the furniture. This is a project that will be invaded design fair in Milan this year. It's about you know simple thing. How can you actually because we all go home and have an iPad that's a how can can that change the accessories we need to have in our house in our home in order in a very simple way just to take into account these changes in the way we live. And that is really what I wanted to finish with. That's an example something we built in Milan in Piazza della Scala. It's a new space. It's the extension of a true Saudi fashion house but that space was thought as a as an extension of the fashion house. Yes a place you can have a coffee or a place where you can go meet your friend and do work. Something you couldn't do a few years ago just because you were chained to a desk. You were chained to a computer and you know you didn't have the flexibility that we have today. And you know and then it becomes this almost you know an open urban living room. And I wanted to finish with these images because I think that is what I find most exciting about these technologies that when technology is everywhere there's almost like a paradox. And the paradox is that you can finally forget about it. And when you forget about it you can then go back to look at things we really are passionate about in our cities in our buildings. And that's about people. It's about the social quality of the spaces in the environmental quality of our environment. Thank you.