 Hello sir. My topic is clicker system optimization. So, during today presentation I am going to represent what is a clicker, what make it unique, implication for its teaching and learning and the type of data collected and what are the downside of clickers. Next we will go through the literature view which is supposed to be covered the student response system, clicker response system, audience response system and etc which is related to the clicker fields. And after that we are going to discuss the clicker development in IIT Bombay. And next I will discuss about the motivation about the project and then the problem statement which I analyze and assume during the literature survey. And after that what is the future work we can cover about the clicker. So, first is what is clicker? So, clicker basically is a learning add or we can say a interface which provide the better understanding of a course material. So, like previously before the clicker development if in a large class or even in a small class if student want to ask any question, but he stop asking question because of some kind of fear in a large class. So, to enhance the communication between the instructor and the student clickers provide the mechanism. So, that the student can ask questions regardless of the verbal communication. So, how it could be possible? So, clicker provide a hardware device by which there are some options like if instructor ask some questions. So, that question will be displayed on a projector and the all the student they have some hardware on they have hardware. So, on their hardware there is a option for selecting the answer where when the student select an options that options are collected on the instructor computer using some interface which is connected to the clicker of an instructor to the computer. So, basically clicker use infrared or a radio frequency for communication. So, the main purpose of clicker is that the student should ensure understand the fundamental concepts of a course and also to allow the active participation by all student. How like as I already said when student give their responses they all the responses are collected back to the instructor. So, instructor can tablet all the responses according to that student can analyze on which questions he have to give some more suggestions or he have to again recollect thoughts. So, next question is what make it unique? So, one point is that whatever the size of the class instructor is always able to gauge this to standing with the help of responses the student have sent on the instructor computer. Also the result from the class responses can be saved and displayed in a variety of formats like histograms pie charts etcetera. So, the next point is what are the implications for teaching and learning of a clicker? The first implication is we can say like interaction engagement for important learning principle as when there is a more engagement then the active participation in class improve and the student learning and the individual growth of a student increase. So, next question is about the about what type of question should be asked in a class like if the question is wrong then the understanding of a student will not improve to the point which have to be like if the question if it is a class if the question is very tough then student will not be able to answer that question. So, the question should be asked in a way that it is related to the deep it is related to the deep theoretical knowledge of the concepts. So, choosing the right question is a very important. Next is after the responses are collected which response should teacher correspond? It is also main important point to selecting a question. Next the type of data collected in clicker. So, there are variety of data types which we can use like if teacher want to conduct a quiz what type of data he can ask like he can ask survey he can ask for any questionnaire quizzes and some type of field notes observations. A lot of data related to this field can be asked using a clicker basically in the most of the universities. The main form of data collection is basically quizzes and surveying during the exams also the teacher ask multiple choice of questions. The main question arises is what are the downsides of a clicker? So, the first drawback is a cost factor in hardware clickers. Earlier there was clickers which are composed of some hardware component. So, the cost of that hardware is very if not very expensive expensive if the class is very large. So, the reduce the cost factor. So, nowadays we are proposing the clickers which is based on the android system which are related to the like we can use tablet cell phones or a PDA for getting a question and spotting to the questions. So, the next downside of clicker could be like if we use like portable devices like tablets, smartphones or a laptop then it could be possible that like for these devices internet connection is needed during the communication between the instructor and student. So, for that communication as internet facility facility will be available during the class. So, student can distract from the course like if the internet facility available then he can then he can leap over the other uses of a internet like browsing something else. So, it could be a downside of a clicker. So, the we can provide some mechanism to not allow this kind of habits like if we can down the server like if we ask question then we can down the server while student will give the response. When student will ready be to give the response then we can again up the server. The next downside of a clicker is like if SMS based clicker response system is used. So, what is basically this SMS based clicker response system like through the some SMS gateway student instructor can send sorry student can send the responses. So, the major drawback is of this system is that cost factor the cost factor because SMS cost something cost some rupee. So, to we can remove this thing using by using some type of SMS why using some type of SMS gateway system by which we can send SMS freely. The next slide is represent the literature review I have covered throughout my M Tech Stage 1 project. So, I have got basically the what type of the web based system web based response systems like in 2006 pro IP August describe the web based tool which is namely as message grid through that message grid student can log in log in into the browser and then open the message grid and send the responses or queries and about the doubts also. So, the later on in 2013 Monica represented the also same type of browser, but it is not based on the message grid it is it is basically mobile clicker which what develop over a package Zoviki. So, Zoviki is basically a framework which provides which provides the facility to create quizzes, questionnaires and etcetera fields related to this kinds of data. So, it also provide good mechanism like it can provide different content to different kind of a student at different time like if one student getting a question number a then other question the student nearby sitting to him or her can get a question different from him or her. So, due to this we can type of concept can be used when we are conducting exam or quizzes. So, the student will not be able to cheat during the exams the next type of literature is related to the SMS based response system. So, in 2007 USPO represented an tax to learn type of response system which is basically on the SMS based classroom interaction. So, what is a advantage of this kind of system the main advantage of this kind of system is a it do not it have it does not have any cost factor like if we are not using any other hardware. So, it will remove the hardware a hardware cost also the installation cost. Then there are the system which are not based on any hardware like which are device free device free personal personal response system. So, what are this device free personal response system basically these are the system which are based on the computer vision technology like which like it was also implemented in India. So, what is basically this device free personal response system is that the student hold some sheet the cost of sheet is negligible the on that sheet there are some data is printed. So, when the student hold the sheet like he can hold the sheet like left down up and right. So, these are the option like if we hold the sheet left then the option is B if hold the sheet right then option is C like that there are four different option available for the student and nearby the student in front of the all the class there is some cameras high resolution camera are there which capture which capture the which capture the sheets sheets as the hold it by the student ok. So, there are some drawback associated associated with this system is that like one is the cost factor what is the cost factor like we needed the high resolution cameras. If we use low resolution camera then the then due to the low light sometime camera will capture sometime camera will not be able to capture all the responses by the student. So, it is a major drawback of this system. So, there are new response systems are developed which which basically focused on the teaching programming languages. So, for teaching a programming language we need a we need new data types like if we want if teacher gives some type of coding questions. So, we need to answer the question in a subjective manner. So, there is a new data type is needed for this kind of questions. So, the Matthew in 2009 implemented a software clickers which are used for teaching Java. The same type of tools was implemented by Daniel in 2013 which which describe the use of we will describe the use of web based response system for teaching Python. So, after the this literature survey I come up with some type of observations like what type of response like either group or individual or both affect the active learning. So, in a class if we ask question individually to all the student then sometime student is not able to understand the question easily or the concept easily. So, or if we ask the question which is based on group like towards we can make a group of two or three people. So, that and we put question to the individual groups. So, in each group the people and the student who are the part of the group can discuss among themselves and answer the responses. So, it is also a good good choice when the students are not very intellectual in studies. So, the the clicker response system is should be depend upon the choice of questions or responses. So, next next observation is that what type of question to be select for asking like if the I or as I already discussed about the importance of a question selection is a major role in a clicker system like if we ask a wrong question then the student will not able to be analyze the question or correspond to the question. So, asking a right question play an important role. The next observation is that as we know basically there are two fields related to clicker system like one is pedagogical theory and next one is implementation study like in pedagogical pedagogical theory. We relate this theory related to the type of questions type of question ask what type of hardware should be used like all these things are related to the pedagogical theory like we should use web based response system all that and the implementation study related to the how the data will be collected how the responses will be collected and then the feedback will be given to the student. So, so our study we will write that, but whether we should think about pedagogical theory more or a implementation study. The next observation is that like asking the question like when to ask a question in the lecture how to maintain the pace of a lecture while asking a question this is also major role like if teacher ask question and student are not able to answer that question within a specified given point. So, it will create some problem like so the question should be asked in a manner that the pace of a lecture will not be affected. So, the next thing I notice that if we provide some more discussion about the topic before the class. So, the student will be able to be able to analyze analyze the concept more this is the topic on the spot in the during the lecture. So, before the question will be to ask positive responses of a student. So, next I am going to discuss about the clicker development at IIT Bombay. So, the first clicker was developed in IIT Bombay in 2009. The first version of that clicker is consist of two hardware component one at the instructor side and one at the student side, but the major drawback of the system is cost factor. The early version like version 1 of this clicker is the cost of this version is around 600 rupees and the next version which was developed the version 2 the cost of that system was around 1100. So, the major drawback of this system was the cost factor. After that clicker was implemented in the distance education purpose like if we have a multiple remote classes and we want to connect all these classes through the clicker system. So, that we large large large set of class can be benefited from the from the lecture. So, for this purpose for this purpose Divya Tiwari in 2010 represented an synchronous distributive approach for CRS. What is this synchronous distributive approach for CRS is that it generally implement the clicker system in a distributive manner. So, that all the remotes remote server which are which are set up in the different classes across the country can be benefited from the from the course or the course or where the central survey is composing the current class. So, basically it involved two server one is current server and a multiple remote server the current server where the lecture is going on and the multiple server which are connected to this central server. So, what is the main idea behind this the main idea is that it use an XML file which contain all the responses of a student from the remote server at remote server when the instructor at the central server ask some question. Then the controller at the server remote server side collect all the responses from the students and this responses are collected in an XML file and this XML file then again sent to the central server. So, that the instructor can analyze the question and then analyze the responses and tabulate them and prepare the histogram of that. Then again he can reply to the all the questions which all the responses which are needed to be taught again. The next the next is that so, how the data collected as is then transferred back to the central server it is possible because of the FTP server. The next in IT Bombay we implemented a web based clicker system for a cache tabulate before that in IT Bombay we are using the hardware clicker. So, the to remove that cost factor we implemented the web based clicker system which are based on the cache tabulates. So, that removing the cost factor. So, what are the basic different modules of that a cache clicker in that one is one module is called admin. This module provide the facility to add, edit, patch or delete the information regarding the student or regarding the quizzes. The main feature or the new feature which is added in this in this clicker system was raise hand like if student have some doubts. So, student can ask question that help of this Akash, Akash tab or Akash clicker. So, this raise hand provide the good way so that student can ask the questions or a doubt in a class or teacher can or a teacher instruction instructor can reply to these questions or doubt in a class or in a class during the class or after the class also. The next module is polling which is used to conduct a questionnaire about the which contain the information regarding the student feedbacks about the lecture. The next module is a question bank. The question bank provide the facility for adding and searching a question which is for conducting exams or quizzes. So, we can say question bank is our database component which contain all the questions and the responses which are collected after the students and the next component is for creating a quiz. It provide the facility for creating a quiz and fetching the question from the question bank. So, what are the limitation of Akash clicker or what we can say what are limitations or constraints in Akash clicker. One is that it lack in vocabulary of a scientific symbol. If you want to ask some numerical question which contain more scientific symbols it is not able it is it is difficult to ask such type of question handling. So, the next thing is that it require an internet browser to fast the clicker web application through URL. So, if internet connection is not available. So, this kind of system is limited for the system for the response system which is based on the internet facility. And the next we can say a constraint is that it work best in latest version of Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome. It not work in Internet Explorer or the previous versions of a web browser. Also it is used for real time responses. If we want a responses like if the student ask question outside the class or instructor want to give reply to that answer outside the class. So, it is not possible for that purpose. So, it is basically supposed to supposed to support only a real time response. So, after this literature survey and about the about the web page browsers and other kind of clicker response system and the study related to the clicker implementing IoT Bombay. I come up with some motivation. So, my motivation is focus on the clicker system that can provide the more efficient way of communication between student and instructor. So, that like which can remove the cost factors which can remove the cost factor and improve learning using asking some kind of questions or like when some question is asked. So, like if we conducted exams. So, same type of question is asked to all the student. So, how can we rely on the reliant student that we will not do during the exam as the same question is asked for every student. This is the prime source of motivation like other source of motivation is that like if we ask if teacher conduct exam. So, during the exam if some student solve the question early and some student are not able to solve the question early. So, there is a time slot if student are not able to solve that question. So, there is a time gap between the early response and the late response. So, how can we utilize that response. So, that a student who solved problem early can not be reflected. So, this kind of discussion is a prime source of my motivation. Also there is a there is a some drawback like if we ask question in a large class. So, in a large class if we are using single access point. So, it will create some problem of connection failure or even in a even we use multiple access point. So, load balancing of that access point is also a major source of my motivation. So, I come up with some points like can we provide an interface which can generate different content to different student who the student will not do during the exam or can we enhance current quicker system. So, that active learning can be improved. What is mean by this statement is that can we give more type of data formats like can we provide the data like by which a student can give responses in terms of subjective manner like if we can ask question which is related to coding syntax or can we can we maintain the time gap between the early response or a late response. So, how can we implement this kind of theories or the large question is that can clicker support large class. If we have if the clicker support large class then how can we manage that class like if we are single access as I already discussed if we ask for single access point how can we remove the drawback of connection failure. My problem statement is that how can we solve the problem of gap utilization when one student solved quiz early and other not. It is possible using a solve and evaluate approach. What is this approach is like if some student solve problem are way. So, the student who solve problem can evaluate the answers of the other students. So, this approach was implemented by Mathias in 2009. So, we can implement this approach. Next thing is that how can we generate different content to different kind of user. So, this is possible using an application which was developed by which was developed by Newman in South Central. It is basically based on the zoo wiki content flow. What is that it is a framework which provides the different content to different kind of user at the same time or at different time. So, next problem is of connection failure how can we tackle with this kind of problem. If we ask a single access point then managing Wi-Fi connection is big hurdle or if when we ask multiple access point then load balancing is a big hurdle. So, the load balancing we can done the load balancing using a hiding SSID or we can load balance using the deadline mix ratio technique. So, finally, I come to the conclusion. The overall conclusion of my study is based on the based on the following factors. One is the utilizing the time gap can improve learning and by presenting different content to different kind of a student can show that student will not able to cheat during the exam or cases. And is it possible it is possible to block the other sides or down the server while like if we conduct quiz or exam when student will get the question we can block the other sides or we can down the server or that come on that time of time or that duration of a time and then again we set up a server after when student finished with their answer and want to send the responses or also it is possible to apply the load balancing algorithm for maintaining or managing the multiple access points. So, we can provide an interface for asking and producing programming language question in class like syntax or coding. So, next we can do in future like we can ask we can integrate tutorial into the application. So, the student can be able to browse the content of the source or the course material. The one thing I am thinking about is that we can implement the recommendation system for enhancing learning capability of a learner. So, I mean I am deeply thinking about this recommendation system like if in a class there are many students the student IQ is different from each other. So, if we ask like if we first ask same type of question to all the student some will not able to answer some will able to answer those who are not able to answer the system will provide other questions which are not tougher than the earlier question. Other student who solved the question easily we can provide the tough question thank you sir.