 The study examined how uropathogenic ischaricicoli, UPC, respond to stress and antibiotics in a human blood-a-chip model. The researchers found that UPC can survive antibiotic treatment by forming intracellular bacterial communities, IBCs. They also observed that the IBCs can persist even after antibiotic treatment, leading to reinfection. This suggests that IBCs may be responsible for the persistence of UPC infections. This article was authored by Kunal Sharma, Nirojdo, Vivek Vidaka, and others.