 Thank you very much, Max. I hope that inspired some of the questions for the audience. I know that I always like to kind of give a special highlight on what are the things that you mentioned of the fact that There is a legal framework. There is a policy framework in the International Convention for Youth Rights, one of the only two in the world that exists, that defines what youth rights are, so I'm also hoping that you can elaborate that later potentially through questions But thank you for now, Max. I'm going to go to our second panelist, Ms. Pascal Dachroy. Pascal is the current senior advisor to the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Immigrants of Lebanon. She is also his office director at Parliament, being the head of the largest parliamentary bloc of 29 deputies. At ministry, she follows all the Aspera engagement policies and initiatives while at Parliament, she works in public policy, deliberations and public administration. So may I ask you, Ms. Kahl, could you please present what are some of your country's strategies for supporting its diaspora communities and migrant youth to engage in development of Lebanon? Thank you, Diane. Thank you. Well, starting from what you said in your introduction, the right to migration and right to development, I'm gonna I'm gonna start with the right to migration and give you a bit of a country profile of Lebanon, because Lebanon has the largest history of migration, mainly among the Arab state, and specifically the youth, since our topic today is the young generation. 77% of emigration from Lebanon are below the age of 35. We have three types of migration, actually, for youth. We have the first one, those who migrate to study abroad, thinking that their migration is only temporary till they finish their study, and then they end up either finding a job there or a few percentage of them come back to Lebanon. The second type is due to the its recent migration and it's due to the political instability of the country to the high cost of living, to the disconnect between the market needs and the education of these youths, and then because we have the refugee problem in Lebanon, then for the less educated worker, they face tremendous amount of competition with those migrants coming from neighboring country. The third one is actually the third and fourth generation of youth that have, that their families migrated long time ago from Lebanon. Those fourth and the third generation of youth have lost any connectivity with Lebanon, and mainly in Latin America, just to point out to Max, because we have a language barrier, they had forgotten their language, they have no more connection with their homeland, so this is the third type of migration. Understanding these type of migration for youth is essential for us to develop policies and strategy of how to deal with such migration, how to help them engage back with their country and be engaged in the development of Lebanon. Well, let me let me start first on the national level. On the national level, the government has adopted a youth policy in 2012, but unfortunately it hasn't been yet approved by the parliament. This youth policy aims at stating the action that the state need to develop or undertake in order to help and empower the youth in all sectors of life in Lebanon. But we're still waiting for the ratification by the parliament. Until then, us at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and immigrants, since the part of immigration is a major aspect of the work of the ministry, we have developed several programs and I'm going to give you a case-by-case program so to let you know how we were able to engage those migrant youths. We were successful so far, but of course a lot has to be to be still worked upon. First, we have launched the LDE youth network. I think we're going to see a video about that shortly. But this Lebanese diaspora energy youth is an initiative launched in 2014, but it was targeted first towards successful diaspora in the communities abroad. We decided lately last year that we need to engage the youth because even if they are not success story now, they will be at the end of the day, either when they graduate or they can play a role as being student as well. So this LDE youth network for youths living abroad of Lebanese origin, whether they do have the nationality or not, between 15 and 30 years of age, is a network. We ask them to register. They are connected with each other. We are holding their first conference in Beirut this July, 2020. And we're expecting to have more than 5,000 youths from around the world of Lebanese origin to discuss, engage them, hear from them. What should we do for them? This is the first initiative. The second, we have created an online platform. It's called Lebanon Connect. Lebanon Connect, it's a mobile application. You know, you know those social media tools, Facebook, how people are connected? Well, just let me tell you one thing. We are four or five million people in Lebanon, but we don't have a clear assessment of our diaspora. We estimate it to be 14, 15 million. There's no clear number. But imagine the number of diaspora compared to the local living in Lebanon. So there's a need to connect those Lebanese around the world. And the only way to connect them is through technology. This is why we created this Lebanon Connect tool. It's not a social network. It has actually, it encompasses all the features. It is, in one aspect, a social network where people can meet, where people can state their event. But it's also a place where businesses can sell their product, where companies can post jobs for the Lebanese around the world to apply. This is how we can create jobs for the Lebanese living in Lebanon or abroad. This is a major tool. We launched it. Of course, it needs a lot of funding. That's why, and us as ministry, our capabilities in that regard are limited. So it took us a bit of time to launch that initiative. But we're now facing a lot of applause, and a lot of people are interested to assist us with this initiative. Thanks. This is the second one. The third one, the nationality. Well, as I was saying, the third and fourth generation of Lebanese youth lost connectivity with Lebanon. They don't even hold their Lebanese nationality anymore. So they have nothing to connect them. We did a simplified guide at the ministry stating the fourth tool of how they can reapply for their nationality, because they don't know. And we are doing a huge communication plan now. And we have developed a website, clebanity.gov.lb. This website is a simple step where they can apply, see if they are eligible or not, and they can easily apply with few steps, and they can even track their application. Last year, in 2018, was the first time that the diaspora had the right to vote since independence, since 1943. The new election law that was ratified by the parliament allowed the diaspora to vote. And in 2018, it was the first diaspora vote ever. We had 92,000 people registered. I know it's a small number compared to our diaspora, but for the first time, we think it was a huge success. It was a challenging experience for us. However, I have to say that for the youth, unfortunately, our law, our election law allows the youth to either run for parliament or vote if they are above 21 years of age. We're still debating to ratify that and make it 18, but there's no political consensus for the time being on this. For the next election in 2022, the diaspora won't only vote, but they will be having representative for the diaspora. Like in many countries, I can state France or Italy, so they can even run for election. And then we have so many projects. I don't know if I still have a lot of time or I can leave them to other questions. You tell me, Diane. I think that would be useful. I didn't want to interrupt you. You're at the minute seven. But I think it was useful because you were really painting a picture of a comprehensive approach to the issues. You said there is the policy that is still waiting for adoption in parliament, but that you are kind of now I'm going to explain you. But I really wanted to just summarize that I think it's really good that there is a comprehensive approach of policy together with different programs. I'll leave the other initiative. They can fall under the second question as well. So if time is... Absolutely. Let's do that. Thank you. Thank you very much Pascal. I'm going to move to our third and fourth panelist who are both from Madagascar. And I think that's very interesting. So we have somebody from the government of Madagascar and then somebody who is a young volunteer who is living in Diaspora but from Madagascar. But before we get into that conversation, I wanted us to play a video for you made by IOM about the youth Diaspora volunteers program, which then both panelists are going to talk about their experience of the program. But first, let's see the video by IOM. Thank you very much. And I still want us to have a conversation about the program. So this was just a short intro. So I'm going to pass it to the first speaker from Madagascar, Ms. Harivola Ravocatrasolofo. Harivola is the embassy's attache at the permanent mission of Madagascar here in Geneva. She holds a degree in civil engineering from Scholes Superiore Polytechnique. And she is responsible for humanitarian issues and migration with the mission of Madagascar since 2010. So similarly to maybe first what Pascal was talking about when it comes to Lebanon, what are some of the strategies that Madagascar is using to support your Diaspora communities and migrant young people to engage in the development of the country? A few years before establishing strategies, these events, organized over time, take on recommendations that will lead to the institution of a policy of engagement of the Diaspora in development, which is part of the mobilization of young people. First of all, in 2011, Madagascar participated at the PMA-4 conference. A particular attention was brought on the theme of integration, of migration, and the distribution of funds in the national development plan. Then, in 2013, the Prime Minister initiated the study of the migration profile of Madagascar, funded by the Fund for Development of the OEM. It is not important in the elaboration of a policy related to migration. It has been stipulated that the migration of Malagascar to foreigners must not be considered as a major problem, and the individual freedom of each one must be preserved so that each one can achieve his life goal in Madagascar or elsewhere. In 2015, the direction of the Diaspora at the level of the Foreign Ministry was constituted. It is loaded with themes related to migration and the Diaspora. In 2016, the study of the profile of the Malagascar Diaspora in France was published. It is the result of the cooperation between Madagascar, the OEM and France. Two directions were made by this study to establish a link with the Diaspora. First, to promote a climate of trust through information, dialogue and consultation, and secondly, to intensify the mobilization of the diasporic potential, among other things, to promote the mobility of skills. In 2017, the government organized a forum of the Malagascar Diaspora, in which all the Malagascars or descendants of Malagascars living outside the country were invited to Tana Narive to discuss the contribution to national development. Several recommendations were made and, among the priority actions, two elements carry their respective importance in terms of mobilization. First, the link between the Diaspora, Madagascar and the Malagascars living outside the country in order to develop mutual understanding and mutual knowledge. Secondly, the reinforcement of Madagascar's knowledge through the Diaspora in order to vehicle positive images of what the country really is. It is only in 2018 that the general framework for the policy of engagement of the Diaspora has been excluded. This strategic policy project contains five axes. First, protection and accompaniment of the Diaspora. Secondly, the constitution of mechanisms and devices to coordinate the mobilization of the Diaspora. Thirdly, the human capital's valorization. Fourthly, the improvement of knowledge on the Diaspora. And fifthly, the participation of citizens and politicians. This framework has been accompanied by a campaign of hundreds of opinions made at the level of the embassies and consulates of Madagascar in the world. In Switzerland, the majority of the people of Sondéa expressed their desire to contribute to the development of the country through the transfer of skills, knowledge and knowledge. Finally, the national policy of engagement of the Diaspora is currently in progress and its implementation is scheduled in 2020. The roles and contributions of the youth in the Madagascar society have been boned in this policy as a result of the start-up promotion. Thank you very much. Another really good example of kind of a systemic approach and kind of relying on both establishing policies, establishing the portfolio through ministry for the Diaspora and then having relevant strategies to tackle the issue. Let's see how successful those strategies are or at least one of the programs within the strategy. We have a young volunteer from Madagascar who lives in Diaspora, who lives in France, and who was one of the first participants of the program that we just show on the screen, which is the Youth Diaspora Volunteers Program implemented in Madagascar. Who we have with us is Hariniaina Ranjoro. Before I ask you about how you experience the program and other domestic policies in Madagascar, I just want to ask you kind of a human or a migrant-to-migrant question. How difficult was it to get your residence permit in France? Oh, I know that face. Was it, is everything set on that first? No? Yeah, I can imagine and a good job on fighting that war successfully. I think it would also be good if there are then people here with kind of reflection on the support for migrants in their destination countries who would like to maybe speak and bring up how can we make that transition better and support young people better for the cause of boosting their potential. But what I want to focus on right now is the program. So how did you experience it? How was your participation in it? And maybe even what motivated you to be part of it in the first place? First of all, I would like to explain a little bit the concept of the Loiran program. The Loiran program was initiated, as Madame Arvoula just said, by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Madagascar, with the collaboration of the Minister of Communication and Culture, and above all with the help of the IEM. So the objective of the program is really to mobilize the volunteers, the diasporas in Malgash abroad, in missions of volunteers of three months in Madagascar. And the objective is that they come to do local development. So they have to work locally, within communities, to just make this sharing of experience there that the diasporas can just bring to the national population to favor this development. So the main objective of the program is to encourage young people from 20 to 35 years to come. And then, coming to the country, the government, and above all the program, asks us to work on very particular subjects for the development of Madagascar. Among other things, on education, informatics, also agriculture, the improvement of the artisanal agriculture, the food agro, the elevation, but also the learning of the good management. That's what's missing in Madagascar, and above all that's what's missing in the small communities that are really very far from the city, very far from civilization, let's say. And so the main objective is that. And why I participated in this program is mainly because it's for my country, for Madagascar, my country of origin. That's why I wanted to participate. And at the same time, I said to myself, I have skills, I have experiences that I can share, that I can put into work, and that I can just share with young people like me, who may be motivated too, I don't know, I'm going to ask myself questions. And at the same time, I had apprehensions, but I still wanted to take this risk of saying, okay, I'm going to do this program because it interests me. And what is the objective? The objective is really to bring my participation in the development of my country. So that's why I participated in this program. And so I was accepted. I went to Madagascar for the last three months. And it was really a great discovery, but at the same time, I was a little scared because the program also brought us to really live in direct contact with the local population. So we were put in welcome families. And so we had to integrate the family, people we didn't know, and we had to learn to know and also to share cultures. And at the same time, we are placed between volunteers and at the same time with the local populations. So the objective is really to work, to share, but before doing all that, to detect what is missing in the localities. On what point are we going to be able to help them? So the experiences I experienced were really human for me because now I know my life in France, my life in a world that I can say in a developed world. And when I participated during those three months in Madagascar, which is still my country of origin, and that I participated in this volunteer for three months, I still saw a difference. And I think that's also very interesting. And precisely, given that I am an agroalimentary engineer, I was able to work with these small local producers. I worked with the producers of products called CUBE. I think you saw it during the little video. The objective for me was really to support them because they have the know-how to do it. But they don't have the method to improve what they know, precisely to improve the visibility of their production, but also to improve their way of doing it, to acquire other markets, to discover other markets not only local, but perhaps also international. So the objective is to share these experiences, to bring the maximum of knowledge and skills for the young people who are on the field, precisely so that they can, through their actions, participate in the development of Madagascar, participate in the development of their localities first, to then develop Madagascar. And apart from that, I was also able to collaborate with the community, with the community in which I worked, because even the administrative agents of the community need a lot of things. They miss completely means. That's what they miss, in fact. They miss means. For example, the administrative staff who manage them in the communities, they don't necessarily have the means to manage the countable activity of the community. So as a diaspora, we know that there are means that can be used. So we have transmitted these means. We have learned them precisely to inform things, to enter in this field of data informatization, so that they can work in order, let's say, in their daily life, in their management of the countability. So it's during this sharing that I was able to live great experiences, because people, they were really very happy and receptive of this situation, to say, yes, indeed, it is a bad hiding place, it doesn't live in Madagascar, but it can bring us something and you have to listen to it. And it's this vision there too that I had learned that at the beginning, but when I arrived in Madagascar, that's what motivated me even more. As a diaspora, I felt really useful and necessary for my country, for the development of my country, and it would only be for the development of this little locality there. So with all that, I was able to also experience sharing experiences with the young people, the young people of a public high school in the community where I worked. They had questions about their youth. They really had expectations that even the teachers at high school don't necessarily get to answer them. It's like expectations in terms of questions about puberty, about what the pregnancy of the young girls is, for example, because yes, in Madagascar, there are still taboo questions that are completely different and difficult for the young people to approach, especially when you face an adult. So that also reassured them to see a young volunteer who doesn't care, who went through the steps they will take, who reassures them afterwards. So sharing this experience, compared to what I experienced as a young girl, and in the face of these young people who are currently in the course of development at Madagascar, I think that as a diaspora, it was a very enriching experience for me because I was able to put something concrete in the community where I lived in Volontaria and I was able to really share human experiences because despite everything, even if the Malgaches live in poverty, there is still this human heat that we feel and that indeed when we have left the country for a long time, that really shows us that our origin is there. That is what is dear to us. So as a diaspora, I think that that is what was really very important for me to participate in this program and above all, help my country to develop. Thank you. Thank you Harineina. Thanks for your reflections and a very kind of honest expression of what you'd like to experience and why was it important for you personally, but also for the country and young people of Madagascar. We're going to proceed to the last panelist in this first round of interventions. I mentioned that we have interpretation in English, Spanish and French, but I want to act for a second as an interpreter in Millennial. In Millennial, TGIF is a very famous abbreviation in text messaging that stands for Thank God It's Friday. We're only on a Tuesday, so we're going to focus on an initiative inspired by that name, TGIFW. It is the initiative by Tashi Lama, our panelist, which stands for Thank God It's Fairware. It is a fashion label that brings together Swiss and Nepalese design with Nepalese business development, specifically traditional Nepalese production methods and women's groups. Tashi, I'm going to ask you to elaborate a little bit about what does this business do and how was it beneficial for young people in Nepal and in Switzerland. Thank you so much to the organizer, to select me as a panelist, because it's good to be in a panel and represent and talk about Nepal and not just regarding mountains and Everest, but to talk about something totally different side of Nepal entrepreneurship. So our company, Thank God It's Fairware, it's a fair fashion and leaving label, and we work with three Swiss designers from Zurich and we work with our partners in Nepal and they and our products include from scarf to natural fabric clothes to hand-noted carpets. So what we are doing, especially in Nepal, we are not working with the young, just not just the young people, but our main stakeholders are the women in Nepal. And first and foremost, the biggest stakeholders are the scarf producers. They are a women's foundation. They work for a cooperative called Mahila, so that stands for women in Nepal. And they are making the scarf and they want to be a self-sustainable business. So they don't want just to rely on the grants or the funds that they get from western countries, but also to be self-dependent. So that's why we are working with them. And what we have added or what we have helped them with expanding their business is to take the risk in the Swiss market. So we have taken the market accessibility that we have from Switzerland. And like I would give an example, like I think many of you go on holidays and you buy a product from a certain country, but when you come back to your country and you cannot relate to the product because it doesn't fit with your outfit or it doesn't fit with your working, your work. So what we have done is tried to bring the designs from the Swiss, from these three Swiss designers, contemporary design. And like he said, the traditional handcraftmanship from Nepal. The most that have benefits I would say as a youth are the three Swiss designers actually, not the other way around. So they have the platform to showcase their designs. They work with us in every twice a year. They give us our design. And now what we have started is also to work with organization called Blaztop Nepal. So they make the jewelries for us. And we again started the same model like giving the Swiss design. So they had their own collections, but obviously that won't work with the colors and the bling bling. As you could know that they have more shinies, we gave them the new designs and now we are able to sell them in the Swiss market again. So what is the special about and what, why do we choose this kind of stakeholders? Cause as you know, like the women are less represented in that part of the world, but slowly and we have been making progress. I mean, Nepal is making progress regarding women empowerment or regarding the LGBT society. I mean, it's, we have the rules and regulations, but I think monitoring and the implementations needs to be required. And they are one of the first company that are owned by the Himalayan woman that come from the Himalayan region. So from next year, I would like to add on the point that somebody told from the last panel from the Khalid and the other friend that what about the people who don't make it? So what we are trying to do is we are earmarking a 10% of our sales so that we could work with the people who have not started anything, who have an idea, who don't have the entrepreneurship skills. Like my friend said from Madagascar, she could bring back our expertise in the agriculture and help the farmer grow more. Obviously, he's doing something, but she just pushed it or boosted it. So that's what we are going to do. And I hope I have more networks at the end of the day from this room. That's what I'm looking for. Thank you. Thank you very much, Tashi, both on being at the minute four and also for trying to make links between different panelists and also different panels. That's much appreciated. I want to now open the floor to you for the first round. I see, actually I don't see what's in the back. Yeah, Sri Lanka. Could you just see Morocco? Thank you for now. I'll stop it there. I didn't see the nameplate, but I was informed beforehand that we also actually I did see the plate in Morocco. And that was the first one that I want to give the floor to. So we have, if I'm not mistaken, Mr. Omar Zniber, who is the ambassador of the permanent representation of the kingdom of Morocco here. So please, the floor is yours. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you very much, Ambassador Zniber. And thank you for also kind of picking up on what I said of trying to reflect about how does your government both engages and supports young migrants who are coming from your country, but also who are arriving to your country. I do not speak on their behalf, but I also can imagine that in addition to those engagement programs being beneficial for the country, they are very beneficial for development of young people who are participating in the programs. So thank you very much for that. Next, I have Mali, then Argentina, then Sri Lanka. So Mali, please introduce yourself and let us know your question or your remark. Please go ahead. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you to the minister from Mali. We're going to proceed to Argentina, then Sri Lanka. So if you can keep your interventions to five minutes. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you very much to the representative from Argentina, Sri Lanka, the floor is yours. Thank you. I think it was a very refreshing exposure to new ideas and perspectives coming from young people sitting on the panel. And certainly I should, when I'm reflecting on what they have said, I think I just wanted to highlight some areas where Sri Lanka or Sri Lankan diaspora is being sort of leveraged or engaged for development back in Sri Lanka. Contributing to the prosperity and progress of the communities back in Sri Lanka. But I should admit at the beginning, of course, you know, one particular area where we saw Sri Lankans diaspora coming to, you know, to the rescue of Sri Lanka at a time when the support was needed most was in 2004 tsunami situation because all the diaspora organizations and group irrespective of their ethnic and other divides actually they harnessed their efforts, galvanized their efforts and conducted in a broader campaign to get help for Sri Lanka. And some of them also came to Sri Lanka to help the people from relief to development continuum. In that sense, I think, you know, that is a good example of, you know, the communities living abroad, coming and helping and investing in re-establishing resilient and stability in the country back. But on the other hand, we also know that, you know, participation youth migrants in particular in the development process of the country of origin, as well as the country of destination has been kind of a very important, you know, element. In fact, you know, if you take it from the GCM, which has, of course, 23 objectives, you know, some objectives are directly related to youth and women, in fact. So, but I wanted to say out of the closer to 3 million Sri Lankans who are living abroad, of which, you know, nearly three-fourth who are living in North America, Australia and Europe, there are some considerable number of people when they leave Sri Lanka. They also live with minimum professional qualifications or skill achievement. So, what they do is that one, you know, when they go abroad, they learn further and upgrade their skills and also achieve certain expertise in their professional aspect. So, it is important that, you know, it has been recognized that, you know, it is important that, you know, we have to use, you know, these particular resources to benefit the country, specifically those people who are in need of support on a long-term basis. And also the potential of the youth migrants to effectively establish and enhance connection between the country of origin and the host country has also been very much acknowledged. So, we have seen a number of Sri Lankan diaspora people, you know, integrated and with wider network of contacts. But of course, most important thing is there was a point that was made about the second generation or third generation. In fact, you know, some of these Sri Lankans are the second generation people are occupying higher positions. And then they are also working in small groups, not on a larger scale. They are targeting some small groups back home so that they can economically sort of advance, bring some kind of, you know, advancement in the lives of those people. And then at the same time, we must also understand, I think, you know, on the one hand, when we are talking about the development and social and cultural and religious interactions among the diaspora communities and how we could actually strengthen the bonds with the host, the country of origin. It is also important that, you know, the diaspora community also can play a very good role, very productive role in the electoral processes because that is where I think they may be able to help with new ideas, shape the policies that will be evolving in the countries for which, you know, the electoral process is very important. And last but not least, the potential of youth migrants to positively use the social media platform. One of the panelists mentioned about that one. Of course, you know, it is important because that is something that of course brings some kind of coherence and build and calibrate, you know, the, what do you call, community participation abroad, connecting them back to the communities back in Sri Lanka. We have observed that one. But at the same time, there is also, there are negative elements also because, you know, at times, you know, there are messages of hatred and extreme violence, all kind of, you know, unwanted things are also happening. But of course, that is the negative side of the social media. But of course, generally, I think the positive side is very much acknowledged and it can be used certainly in any situation as a platform for creativity and, you know, kind of, you know, engendering, you know, stability and peace in the host countries. Saying that one, I would also highlight two more points. One is, you know, there are two specific projects that Sri Lanka has introduced. One is about adapting a particular family or a village where they, which are actually engaged in traditional, you know, you know, handicraft or traditional kind of a vocation. So that, you know, with small amount of investment from abroad coming from the diaspora group, I think that linkage is established so that, you know, their life can be bettered at the same time. The return will be also for the wider community. The second thing is one thing that has been worked on is a kind of a diaspora-led tourism efforts where then diaspora people who are living abroad actually can also bring or engage more and more people to visit Sri Lanka, especially those people who would be visiting Sri Lanka. The beneficiaries would be the small and medium enterprises which will be benefiting actually a wider community. So these are the things that I would like to say, but of course the national policy framework for, you know, global Sri Lanka and I still work in progress in Sri Lanka. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you very much to the representative from Sri Lanka for the intervention and also for your championship driving the youth agenda globally forward with the World Youth Conference, with having the Secretary-General's youth envoy with the driving the agenda around the youth skills day. I think all of those also go together with what you were just speaking about that is diaspora, youth diaspora specific. So thank you very much. We're going to have a second round of interventions from the floor at the end of the session. I'm going to continue with interventions from the panel. In the first round, I was being polite on the time also because there's a slight delay interpretation and I want you to feel like you can finish your sentences. But in the second round, what I'll do instead of speaking in the microphone, I'm going to put lightly just move this flag from my left to my right and vice versa. When I want to ask you to wrap up your point just for the sake of kind of have everybody having the opportunity to speak. We have just under an hour for the session. Is that right? Is that okay? In the second round, I want to also have a slightly different order. I don't know if this is according to the protocol, but I want to start from people that are young volunteers or from youth organizations, youth enterprises, so I'm going to start with the three of you first. And specifically, I want to start with Harini Aina also from kind of hearing more women speaking after the number of interventions from men from the floor. So I'm going to start with you in this round asking you, you spoke specifically about the program that you participated in, but maybe beyond the program specifically, how do you think that what is the role that young people can play in kind of steering Diaspora's engagement and contributing to development of their countries of origin, but also what kind of support would it be necessary from your perspective, both from your country of origin, but also from the international community for you to drive the work of engaging Diaspora in development. Please go ahead. Yes, thank you very much. In fact, indeed, young people must play a great role in the contribution of Diaspora on the development of their countries of origin. In fact, I think that among the discussions that we have just heard, the majority has said that young people without skills when they have come out of their countries, they acquire skills, they acquire experiences. And I think that these skills and these experiences, that's what they must share. And like the example of Morocco earlier, when they said that we have to build a network of competent Diaspora, I think that's what all young people from all over the world must do to contribute to the development of their countries of origin. And apart from all that, there is also the risk-taking, because maybe there are a lot of migrants or of Diaspora who have ideas, who want to do something, but who don't know where to start. So I think that we must remove this fear of taking the first step and really taking the risk of saying to ourselves, I have this as a skill, I'm going to go and I'm going to share it. I'm going to take with me all those who have the same ideas as me, just to put them into practice and also to put them in value and put them in action in my country of origin. I think that this is the main role of young people in the orientation of the engagement of the Diaspora, especially in the development of their country of origin. And also in relation to the young people who are national, who have stayed in their country, I think that they are also waiting for us, Diaspora, to say to ourselves, what can they bring us, they who have seen something else than in the country, and they are waiting for this new development that comes from us, young Diaspora, also. And in front of all that, taking Madagascar's example, right now the government is really in place different actions and different development strategies that aim at young people to give them means, because what is missing for young people to put in place actions is the means. They have ideas, there are many young people who have ideas, but they lack means. So right now, Madagascar's example is that the government is in place different actions, in collaboration with local banks, but also with internal or external competent personnel in the country, precisely to promote free training, but also for young people in place, the start-ups, the creation of start-ups, or for the concretization of their ideas. So that is part of the contributions that the nationals can give to young people, but the international organization can also bring something, because as an example, for the Amalgash diaspora in France, there is the association of Amalgash diaspora in France, which is called ZAM, ZAM or Zanakumadagascar-Lampie-les-Zan, which means Amalgash diaspora. The association is actually meeting, exactly like the example of Morocco, they are meeting, they are sharing, they are sharing skills between the Amalgash diaspora, and they are mainly discussing topics that aim at local development in Madagascar. So these different actions of the diaspora abroad are also supported by the institutions of the welcome country. Among other things, in France, for example, there is the Chamber of Commerce, there are the regions, the regional directions, which support a lot the associations of diasporas to help them, to concretize their ideas, but also to accompany them in the implementation of what they want to do. Thank you. Thank you. I'm happy to see that the new system works. Tashi, I'm going to pass it on to you similarly. So you spoke specifically about the enterprise that you're running, but maybe more broadly, what do you see specifically that the role of young people is in the process of engaging diaspora as a way of contributing to development of both their country of origin and country of destination? I think everybody who have left their country for intentionally or unintentionally always want to stay connected somehow. So be it, I think, regarding Nepal, it's the remittance that the family received that are back home, and we are in, Nepal is one of the like top 20 remittance receiver in the world. So you could see that people want to stay connected, but why not stay connected, not just through financial gains, but also through skill sharing, and like what we are, I won't emphasize more on what we have been doing, but I feel that every diaspora community, not just from Nepal, from every around the world, and in Zurich, we are working with the organization called Capacity Zurich, so it's a community of the international diaspora. So we are not just working with a certain community from one particular country, but from all over the world. We have editorians, we have people from all the countries, like Ethiopia, even from Nepal, myself, India, Tibet, many of the country, most are also from Latin America. What we are trying to do is like how can we build a network that helps not just your country of origin, but every other country. So in my case, I try to share the entrepreneurial skills that I have learned from in Switzerland, because the Swiss way of working, be it the quality assurance, or the price sensitivity, it's totally different as compared to where we come from. For example, like the more the price is, it's more the better. So those are the simple things, but that really helps when you want to enter the market in Switzerland. So regarding what the government could do or intervene in my home country, like it could be for any other country, so provide data and statistics, and also create a platform where we have an easy access, like I would go again to my friend from Madagascar when she wants to help somebody, and when she has a scale regarding farming, or somebody has a scale regarding engineering, why is there not a platform where they can easily go and not waste their time and resources finding these people, going after them, setting up from zero, because they already have done it back in the country of destinations. And I think one thing that we share, all the migrants or the people who start in a new country is that we build this resilience, and that is really helpful, and for me, it was really helpful in starting my entrepreneur journey as well in Switzerland. So the most important is like I want everyone not to forget where they come from, because I've seen many foreigners in Nepal who came to Nepal to search for Shangri-La or something, and they are not connected to the country of origin, and also they don't want to go to the country of destination as well, so please don't forget where you come from. That's all. Thank you very much. May I just ask for the water cans to be refilled on the panel? Thank you. So I want to pass it on to Max. Max, one of the unique perspectives that you bring is we heard a couple of individual experiences, which are very valid, but you are here also representing a broad network of young people from the region. So I wanted to ask you, maybe beyond the individual young person, just how do you observe that in Ibero-America, how do young people contribute to, again, both their country of origin and destination, and do you have some concrete examples in the region that you're coming from? Yes. First of all, in Ibero-America it's a priority issue for migration, because we have countries that are countries of migration, in migration and transit, as is the case in Spain, from Portugal, the Argentine partner, from Brazil, from Colombia, we have the most complex borders in the world, the case in Mexico with the United States, we have the case in Argentina, the case in Colombia with Venezuela, or in the Mediterranean part of Spain, and we see in each of these borders that migration is more young, and how the migration, being young, precisely develops through what the partner is, it's in migration as it develops in resilience, it's in migration as it develops in young people its innovative potential, it's in migration as young people see that they are having a resolute spirit. And I specifically want to emphasize the contributions in three dimensions in how the young Ibero-Americans are being protagonists in this. The first is an economic dimension, we are seeing flows of resources between countries, but not just the remesas that the partner said in Nepal. In an economy of knowledge it's more important that there is a transference of knowledge, and we are seeing it in young people in services, even linked to tourism, or linked to other verticals that are developing technological applications. We also see how resources are connected between the countries of origin and the countries of destiny. For example, in the case of Café Magenta, a girl who precisely started a network of coffee producers from Venezuela taking that product to the case of Europe. We also see how entrepreneurship initiatives and businessmen from their countries of origin to other parts of the world are taking place. One of the alternatives of greater mobility in the world, which is Uber, is one of the strongest competitions that Cavifa has, which was a Spanish entrepreneur who was developing it. In the economic dimension, in the cultural dimension, we see how there is a flow of products and cultural content. We see how many people here have not danced or regued. That is, how through music we have precisely a cultural mobility and an exchange of knowledge that we laugh at, but it is a way that also helps fracture stereotypes and prejudices. Today, Medellin was 20 years ago, Medellin, Colombia, the most dangerous city in the world. Today, Medellin exports urban music through reggaeton and it is no longer that stereotype that we had of cocaine, for example, but we see it with Mexican food, we see it with gastronomy, we see it with movie and cinema. The cultural dimension is a very important exercise in which young people are taking day after day, exercises or important days, as the companion of Madagascar said, but we see it tomorrow at a Latin American festival in Madrid, in Spain, some Colombians. And the last political dimension. I said it well, the ambassador of Morocco, how they are creating networks. But nowadays, what we have to recognize is that protagonist who has the young people in social transformation and they are focusing on the issues in the public agenda, the serious issues and the priority issues that are rising in their countries of destination to the origin. We can see the case of the young people who are living in Venezuela and how they are having different views. But we are seeing how they are generating multi-localized networks, networks that are sharing problems that they share in different countries. In a few words, young people in this political dimension are looking for more collaborative actions, more solidary actions and are changing something that you wanted, not only that we shared the experience, but something that we have to talk about very well. They are changing a system that came to be a competition for a system of cooperation. This is precisely in the admiration through the diasporas where in these economic, cultural, and political dimensions we can make this transference of knowledge of proposals and ideas to give the protagonism of young people. I would like to ask you specifically about the EuDiaspora Volunteers Program. Would you, from your perspective, like to reflect further on that program specifically? And if there are some lessons learned and recommendations that came up after having brought up the EuDiaspora Volunteers Program. This program was called on young people from the EuDiaspora to share their achievements and experiences with their country of origin. The implementation of this project was a challenge that the government had to face with success. Nevertheless, it was so much easier with the technical support of the OEM and the funding brought by its development fund. The experience was positive both for young people and for local communities. Indeed, a good relational base and a construction of mutual interest between the diaspora Madagascar and the Malagas were even established thanks to this participative approach. The support of young volunteers facilitated the return to the country and their integration despite the apprehensions of the Malagas language has put them in a bit of difficulty. Indeed, many of these young people felt foreign in their own country because of the linguistic barrier and their double culture which is not often assumed. The project allowed to raise prejudices from both sides. Volunteers were aware of the realities of their compatriots staying in the country while local communities discovered young expatriates attached to their country and who want to get involved in the development unlike the ideas received. All young volunteers were committed to maintain the relationships they had with the young people of their community to continue to accompany one way or another the young people, the cooperatives, the associations, the rural communities with whom they worked all these days. Thus, it is highly desirable to continue in this way by developing and improving this type of program which could serve as a model to replicate in the world. Madagascar is willing to share his experience and resolves to continue the program with the desire of the IEM with other local partners who are more interested. Thank you very much. And I'll move on to the next question. This is Dachroy. In the first round I kind of interrupted you or you interrupted yourself halfway through. Thanks for that. But just to summarize, you kind of started talking about the fact that there is a public policy that is still being discussed by the parliament but also a number of programs coming from the government and the right to vote for the first time and potentially even expanding that right to people under the age of 21 in the future. So, in this round, if you'd like to bring up some other programs, I and will be happy to hear them. But then I also would like to ask you to expand it to, okay, if on one hand you from the side of the government are doing certain things to support the diaspora, I think is then the contribution that the diaspora has back into the country of Lebanon and what are the next steps in making those contributions even larger? What kind of corporations do we need to make those contributions even larger? And I've kind of combined a couple of questions so I'm also going to allow slightly more time as well. But please go ahead. Thank you. Actually, two weeks ago in New York, the General Assembly adopted by 165 votes a resolution to establish the Academy of Human Encounter and Dialogue in Lebanon. Why I'm talking about this issue because it's very important for the youth. This academy and we already started the step of implementing and establishing the academy after the resolution was voted upon, this academy is the kind of a preventive diplomacy in a bit to mitigate and halt conflict and combat terrorism. So it's very important for the youth to be exposed to such thought and to be raised on acceptance of the other coexistence. This is the important of this academy for the youth. And second, well, yes, I'm not going to go on and talking about the other project because we do have money. I'm not going to take a lot of time. But for how can the youth bring back to Lebanon where or the migrant in general there are a lot of ways and we are in the process of establishing a diaspora fund which is a structure to channel the funding by those who are interested from the diaspora being government project or private project for municipalities. We're working with the central bank and some private bank to establish such fund. And I think this is a way to help the youth in Lebanon funding their initiative, funding inventions and innovation and this is a way also to create job markets in Lebanon if the diaspora can invest in project. This is very important for us and it's in the process of being developed. Now we also created a hub. It's called the diaspora village. It's a hub in Lebanon. It took us five years to renovate the old houses but it's a house. It's a sorry a hub where we have a museum and I can see Ireland here and I take them as an example. We went to Ireland to learn from their experience with the Irish diaspora because I mean you have set a museum, you have a lot of Israel and we did a lot of meeting but for the election we are one point in front of you because I do understand that the diaspora do not vote the Irish diaspora exactly. But for the other aspect Irish could be an example as well. They have a diaspora museum so our diaspora village is built around the museum houses to gather the use where they can sleep there do cultural event and activities etc. Well, we have a lot of projects. Let me end up by saying few recommendations that everyone, the government the different stakeholders should do. First there should be a sound knowledge of the diaspora abroad. Second there should be an assessment of their needs, their numbers and what they are willing to contribute. Second there should be means to reach out to them and communicate with them. Third there should be enabling environment to engage them and to facilitate such engagement one should develop policies such as citizenship, the right to vote etc. Third there should be strategic partnership with the state, international organization NGOs etc. to build framework for the use and the diaspora. And then the diaspora can play a critical role in crisis management and as Sri Lanka was saying in the tsunami and giving the example of the tsunami I think this is a very good example. Finally we need outreach and partnership policies to be developed and we are in the process so we need to enhance our policy to safeguard and build a national migration strategy for the government. Thank you. Thank you very much. Harani Aina I wanted to also bounce back to you something that Max mentioned earlier about what are certain stereotypes that exist among people and how youth involvement from diaspora and in the country of oranges are challenging and changing those stereotypes to a report from the program that we spoke about there is quite an elaborate explanation of how many stereotypes exist from young people in Madagascar for people living in the diaspora and vice versa. So maybe can I ask you if you could share with the rest of the crowd here how do you analyze those and how did the project help overcome or change those stereotypes? Yes, indeed there are stereotypes that are created for the nationals or the diasporas because first of all the nationals they don't know how the diasporas react when they go back to the country what they can bring they ask a lot of questions and at the same time there is another level of life that is no longer compatible with that of the country do they really integrate they ask questions and at the same time the diasporas also ask the same question to ask themselves actually I want to do something in my country but will I be well accepted by the nationals do they really integrate me do they really listen to me ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?