 ..o'n gwirionedd yma, a gennym heddiw Merthyn .. ..yna'n gyfnodd cyfnodd yma, oherwydd mae'n cael ei dynnu. Fe ar gyfer y cyfnodd gyfnodd, mae'r dynnu oed yn ychydig yn ychydig. Yn rwy'n gweithio'r gweithio'r cyfnodd .. ..mhaen nhw'n gyfrifio'r ymddangos cyfnodd .. ..o'r cyfnodd cyfnodd cyfnodd o'r gwaith. Mae'r cyfnodd cyfnodd yma yn y dynnu yma.. Felly, mae'r fawr yn ddiddordeb. Mae'n ddiddordeb, ac mae'r fawr yn ddiddordeb er mwyn yn digwydd mwy o'r ddaf yn eto. On yn ddiddordeb, ac mae'r ddiddordeb yn i wedi eu fawr yn llenwyd a'r blaen. Rydw i'n meddwl amma'r gweithio gwybodaeth o'u cyfath o'r ymddangos? not that but this is 1987 at Southampton and I'd already, there was a year last thing that I first started to hear about this thing called hypertext partly because there was this was the year of the first hypertext conference in the state, I wasn't at it, but you heard about it and App stores released them in Mac and on it was this things that allowed you to make links It was Max Whitbyr and it was Douglas Adams Commentating and Tom Baker was the agent. It was all about what the future of hyper objects and hypermedia is going to be in a simulated way. All this really inspired me. That same year, 1987, the Mountbatten archive arrived at εntra Southampton. Here I am in the archive. In the archive many people will say, that's my shoe collection. But that was multimedia in those days, because it was photographed. It was video, it was old LP, the big old record. It was a loaded text, 250,000 text documents. And we got these new things called video dish! I thought, it would be wonderful if we could get digitised this collection and then put it on to a video disc which would put the multimedia on the video disc and then on the computer have a hypertext system that links all together. And maybe we could have different links for different people so that school kids could get different information to experts in history. And this began the microcosm trail and who is sitting in the audience who followed this trail with me very much, I should talk. And one of the things I wanted to do really was not just have links that pointed to documents but to other documents but actually said why that link was there, so a semantic relationship. This was the associated link that Vannevar Bush had been talking about in his paper and the book I wrote with David Lowe in 1999 captured some of that idea. And so we started to build the microcosm system, probably about AC9, we started to spec it and we had our first demo working in I think early 1990 using digitised documents from the archive. This idea was very much that you wouldn't put the links into the documents, you'd have these links described and the relationship between the items in the documents so you might say, here's a document of Mountbatten when he was vice-roy in Dilling and minutes in a meeting and here's a photograph of what happened to people at the meeting and he linked them together with that relationship described. So our links were entered as their own right and we put them in databases and we did wonderful things with our links in microcosm, this is not a microcosm talk, you can read all of our scripts in our papers, books and on the web. But it was really exciting and here we are, this is the sort of technology we had in those days. There's a video of this file somewhere around, I imagine, it doesn't seem to be in that shot but lots of floppy disks and all sorts of, that was what multimedia was like. That I think looks to me like a picture of Mountbatten archive on that shot but it could have been one of our other applications. So, then along comes this guy. Now, this is Tim of course and Tim Bunsley and the document in the middle there is the document he wrote in 1989. So this is the same year as we were speculating microcosm and the people in Austria were doing hyphogy. There was lots of buzz around the world about hypertext, hypermedia and on a grand scale. We were thinking about the links and the relationships between the links but there were a lot of people out there thinking about what the hypermedia on a network means. Particularly this man who is sitting in the swam wanting to enable physicists from all around the world to share their documents on this new fangled thing called the internet. Remember, if you remember, this audience looks like it remembers the 80s. Sometimes I talk to school children or a lot younger audiences who have no clue what it was like before the web. But in the 80s, what was I talking about? Yeah, we were starting to use email in the research lab anyway. And certainly Apple stayed in power and got us to use email as absolutely as soon as it existed. So we didn't have to move face to face but there you go. True here. So, anyway, Tim is trying to get physicists to share stuff on the internet. He wrote this proposal in Iceland, in Los Macsendol. It's not called the web at this stage, it's called information management proposal. You can see the document on the web and it basically describes the web. Most of it is in his head but this was the spec for how it would work. And it describes HTML, HTTP, the idea of high techs, the idea of documents stored on a server, and the idea of clicking and pulling a document down over the internet. And Mike Sendol, his boss wrote in that magnifying glass that he wrote at the top, rained with exciting. And that gave Tim permission to go off to carry on building the web as part of his job at Sermon. Of course, I could discuss it and say the rest of course is history. One of the things I'll make the point is that we should be, although I would resist the fact that the physicists invented the web and it was all down to Sermon, I don't think they knew much about what they had there but they did give it away. They did allow Tim to give it away which is one of the fundamental things about the web. There were systems around in the late 80s, early 90s, that allowed you to go and get documents other than typing FTP commands, things like go for. And go for kind of things from Minnesota. Yes, somebody's half, but it was around this time, the university decided they liked this thing, it was getting very popular, they should start signing for it. And that killed it, actually, because along came this web thing that was free. I did it all better. But that's the discussion, that's how positive. So we all went off, I can't remember you if you were in Paris, 1990. We can't remember. Anyway, we took our first paper. This is where I first met Tim. So there's the photos from the conference and you can see it at the attendees at the conference on the web. This was the first European high-tech conference. As Tim and his jacket there talking to our colleague Andrew Fountain, behind him is Ian, with a grey leather jacket. Ian Heath, who wrote the first version of Mike Cossum, and he wore that leather jacket for most of his PhD. I'm not sure about the t-shirt. Behind him is Robert Coyle, who gets lost in the midst of history, but was very much a partner with Tim at this stage in terms of guessing the web app. It wasn't called the web app at this stage. Tim was there talking about how big his network was going to be. I'm down here with Mike Cibby, some of you will remember Mike Cibby. I'm not seeing Heath leather jacket there, so that's the proof that we were at the same place. You can see on the web it shows the participants. This is where I first met Tim. It was one of those conversations we were talking about. Mike Cossum, he was talking about this thing that wasn't yet called the World Wide Web. We have remained friends and collaborators ever since. I didn't get what he was talking about. He often used to say to me things like, Wendy, how many of you understood what I was talking about? But I used to have. Anyway. So the next year we go to the ACM. I never dreamt I would end up being the president of this organisation. This was the Association of Theatre Machines in that American-based confused society. This was my first ACM conference, and we went off. We submitted another paper on Mike Cossum, and they rejected it. As, you know, although I can call you, you think, oh, I didn't get it. Anyway, this was the conference that famously rejected Tim's paper on the web. And, yes, Tim would say it wasn't the greatest of research papers, but he had a big idea. And anyway, what do you do if you get a paper rejected from a conference? You should look at a demo or a poster. So we submitted a demo of Mike Cossum, and Tim and Robert submitted a demo of the web, and that was the first time I saw it. It was called the web then. He had put the first website up in Christmas 1990. Called it the web. And I remember thinking, how pretentious. Wasn't quite the world-wide web. It's like the world baseball series. And I remember also two things about this conference. So, you know, there was a demo session at the evening time. And this is Texas. And outside, it was a hotel. I remember because Tim had a problem getting online, because there were no internets in hotels in those days. And courtyard, there was a big barbecue and a tequila fountain. So everybody was outside having margaritas. And I can remember it got very quiet in the demo session. And I remember looking with Peter Brown, who did guide. I don't know if anything more to Peter Brown. And he, we were looking over to Tim's shoulder, thinking, well, there's not much new here. He's just embeds his links in the documents, and it just points to something. This is not very exciting politics. How wrong can you get? So by the time we get to 93, the next ACM conference there every other year, then, as well as the European one in between, they march the conference in March later. But the next high-performance conference in 93 was in Seattle, I think. Half the demos were the worldwide web. And this is, I checked this with Jonathan earlier, I actually got out my Cal 93 proceedings. Because I have had a memory that that's where Ault was launched. And Jonathan said, I'm right. I'm right. It was Cal 93. I won't tell you what else he said just before. But, and I'm not, I'm really trying to tell you about journeys, and how actually great ideas come around, go around and come around. What comes around goes around. So our paper, and Nick Hyman's paper, it was in New York, I think, were our hypermedia papers, but it all, it had implemented in HiveCarp. So the paper called, was one with portable computers. Isn't that wonderful? The idea of a portable computer. Very new in those days, of course. The idea of video supported learning, using a video artist. And when you think about YouTube today, and everything that deals with MOOCs then, but the whole, that work was so important because it blazes the trail for when the technology gets to the point you can do really interesting things with it. Also, I saw a paper on natural language programming to support reading. You know, the idea that you can even have some, ask which in terms of support for to help, this is learning, reading, I mean. And then the Lego logo paper in this conference, and I'm thinking Raspberry Pi, you know. And I look, this actually, this conference procedure was produced by Mike Kibby. And a typical Mike Kibby, the index, was perfect. So most beautiful, I'm just looking at it. I've got it in my bag, actually. I was looking at it in my hotel room earlier. And it's the most beautiful index I've ever seen in a conference proceedings. That was what Mike was like. The interesting thing is, of course, this is 93. It doesn't mention the web, or the internet or networks. It does mention electronic mail spelt out in full in a paper on computer media communications. So I thought it was enough. So. So, all's is launch. And the first door conference is in 94. I wasn't at that, but Sue was. Giving calls on Mike wasn't. Mike wasn't connected to the network. We kept talking about it. But actually, we were already very much doing a lot of work on the web, as well as developing our Mike, because of my ideas. Of course, what we didn't realise then was we were being very prescient in microcosm about the semantic work, because we were doing lots of things with relationships and Linux. But there was lots of stuff about CLTP projects, if you remember, teaching and learning technology programme. I think it's the most wonderful money went into that. And long-term media was a term that has begun to become very dominant. Distance learning was... Sorry, distance learning was CD-ROM. I thought that was such an interesting concept. You know, just the idea that in that short space of time, the technology like CD came and went. That is meant to be CD. I just wanted to do that. I remember someone, when the internet was very... still in its early days and very slow for the web on the internet. And someone said, don't underestimate the rate at which you can get information to people filling a jumble yet full of CDs. And in those days, that actually made a lot of sense. And most of the media calls were, this is a title of a paper, and also needed calls for another minor quality, how much will it cost. And this was when I thought then, I'm thinking forward to Linux today, what we're thinking about today. But also the revolution in terms of the way we get access to multimedia these days through the Googles and YouTube and everything else that we have. There was a paper called Intelligent Tutoring Systems, which is another term that we've never used these days, but the work that was done in that area was hugely important. Real-world applications. I didn't have a copy of the paper because no one had to send me the PDF file, and it was just the list of contents of the conference, so I don't have a copy of that paper. But I wonder what the real-world application was. And there was a discussion session on the World Wide Web, called Accessing Global Database. So I had started to move into this area. 94, of course, was the year of the first webcoms. The web was really beginning to take off. And those of you who remember the very early days, Tim's first in-space for the web was both a browser and an editor. And it was quite complicated to use. And the Mosaic guys, well, the people in Illinois at Malcolm Dawson, developed Mosaic as a browser, which was just a read-only, and that's when the web really began to take off because it was simple for people to download and use. And they were pushing very hard. First, if you read Tim's book with the web, he tells you in that that they tried to change the name of the web to Mosaic. And for a long time, the Americans thought that the web was Mosaic. It was an American invention called Mosaic. For a few years anyway. And it's only really since the Olympics that Tim has been that well-known in America. The Olympics last year on, and he did that performance. You hear that the ABC, or CBS commentators, when he came on and said, that has raised that applause in the Olympic society's profile around the world, if he wasn't well-known enough anyway. So what happened was that Robert and Tim pushed very hard to have the first WebCommerce Act in May, and I was four. I've got the t-shirt. That's the t-shirt I'm proudest of from all my conferences. And I throw it most of the way, but I've kept that one. And then the second one was the same year in Chicago run by the guys from Illinois. And here's the... Well, let's just... Before I get to here's the story of the web. Just a few comments about why the web won. First of all, it's a network thing. But the thesis that Tim had was that the network effect is everything for hypotheticals. And so either everybody will use it or nobody will. So all of us doing our little hypothetical programs on copy disks or PCs, or with a few hundreds or thousands of documents and that the only person that could look at was the person looking at that screen had it wrong. But this thesis means that if you look at the math, the way the networks work, which I won't go into here, it basically means that because it's built in the way that Tim built it, so it's very easy for everybody to use and he gave it away for free, then it means that there is only one of everything, generally. So there's one search engine. I mean, there are lots of them, but there's a dominant one. In maths it's a... Oh, God, giant attractive. The other people come and go, but once you get a dominant one, you want to be where everybody else is. And the thing is that the more people that are there, the better and richer that environment becomes. So there's one Facebook. I mean, there was a Myspace, and it's still there, but it's tiny. There's one shop, Amazon, and there's one auction house, eBay. There are different versions of those in different cultures and different countries. You go out to China, where Google is Baidu, where Twitter is Weibo. They have the same stuff, but millions of people are using it, of course. But generally there is one dominant version of all these things. It's YouTube. So you don't have to decide where you're going to look to video. You just go to YouTube. That's what makes it all work. And people who don't get this don't get the web. Actually, this will apply to MOOCs, too. I'll just leave you with that thought as you're developing your MOOCs. Make sure you're with the right ones. I've no idea about which one is going to be the dominant and how that will work, but for sure eventually there'll be one plus you're going to look to the MOOCs. I would predict. The other thing that was very important about the web was error 404. This taught me a lot about human behaviour, because I can remember hypertext papers that said that proved that if you had dodgy links, links that failed or pointed to the wrong thing or were dead, people wouldn't use your system. Tim's hypothesis was we're not perfect about the way we store information. We're not perfect about we don't tell our servers or new files and we don't label things properly and we're not organised very well. Brain does it, doesn't it? But that bit from here to there doesn't work very well. We're lazy and untidy and busy and you've got to let the links fail in order for it to scan. That's my paraphrase. It's usually important. Although there were error 404s, you sort of didn't mind because what you had was better than nothing. The final thing, as I've mentioned several times, is that the real gift that Tim gave to the world was he gave it away. He's never thought to make money out of it. He doesn't have money. He gave it away because his hypothesis was that's the only way it would work. But we can't rerun. What reminds me of Douglas Adams, Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, the fact that we're actually all an experiment run by the mice. Maybe the web isn't an experiment run by the mice, but it would be hard to rerun it now. The only thing that might happen is that there are several different ways in which we can kill this thing that we have grown and created and if we did, or you know, take for example what's happening on Twitter. I'm getting a bit of, as this is something my story might have told later, the trolling on Twitter. I'll tell you a bit of the Twitter story later, but if women or anybody feel that they don't want to be on Twitter because of the book, they will be on Twitter and Twitter will die. And then what happens to all the marketers and the threads and you know, just as we do with the physical planet, we have the ability to kill this thing that we have created in many different ways, many, many different ways. And so, you know, the whole neutrality debate about keeping it open and open playing field for access and the key thing about what Zindid was the protocols were open. He didn't make, try to commercialise it and they were universal. So wherever you go in the world, wherever you're doing, whatever app, whatever language, whatever culture, the protocols and standards you use to access, to put that app on your phone or on the internet or wherever, are the same all over the world. And that, you know, so through the internet, through the web, so important. So all my, oh, but we've got it much clearer at least than we've got. All had to go on hold for about 15 years. But boy, we've built, I don't mean we, it's not empty, I mean the world has or the world that has the web now and it will be the whole world, I guess. The whole world with mobile phones has, it's a strange and linkless world because actually making high-tech links in the web is quite hard and you don't organise it very well. But that's another whole story. I won't go into that one. But we have built the most amazing thing. And what happened, of course, was Google came along to help, because we were developing our links, the clever links, to help you find things and help you create high-tech so what happened was that Google came along. And here's the graph. I love using. This is produced by a PhD student of mine and so the red line of the, effectively the number of users of the internet using the web, the blue line of the number of hosts, green is he's put Facebook on and he's put Twitter on the last version. The slide is all over the web. It's really about a lot of creative problems. But several stories. I've told you the most ex-story and of course they commercialised and created Let's Get Navigator and then you have the apocryl story of Bill Gates and Microsoft's Bill Gates saying network, what network we sell operating systems for PCs and then famously, Tonyche's mind that night or whatever it was or whatever sort space of time that ends up with a web browser in the operating system in Windows called Internet Explorer which wipes Let's Get Navigator off the mark. All sorts of stories around that but just to take the story of the dotcom bubble is a lovely one because you can see Amazon emerges in 96 and that was the beginning of when people saw that there was money to be made in technology they all went to school for Bill Gates so they saw these new companies coming up and the investors piled in without really knowing what this life story was and if you look to your rights and look at when Wi-Fi and broadband emerge you wonder what access to the internet was like before you had a high speed network in your phone. BT turned it off last week the phone access to the internet it was painful at times it made that awful noise and then it time a lot and time to load a picture was like so nobody had a real reason unless you were a tucky to have one so you're selling into a market and you're trying to sell online but nobody's there to buy it it was a bit like imagine trying to be a bookseller just after a printing press has been invented and nobody can read it was a hard sale to make so the bubble was bound to burst and we've always had bubbles of merging and bursting as this whole wave of technology comes and goes just to finish the Google story Brilliant Page we must speed up because we're only at 94 Brilliant Page published their paper on the worldwide sorry on Google the algorithm that founded they used to found Google that had on things on the web using the links so they didn't just use the search for the term you were looking for in the documents they also used the links to work out how many people were looking at that document so it was effective with the recommender system every time we make a link just think about that not only do we just destroy a tree we help Google make money because Google doesn't work unless we make links so if we all stop making links anyway I don't want Google not to work I just want them to be careful about what they do but um where was I going with that one yes so but it's nearly 10 years after Webster said that we got a search engine before that we had Yahoo and we had one of those but in the other days we used to print directories of what websites have been published that night or here's our favourite we always keep lists of our favourite websites and we thought that was enough and no it wasn't you had to have something like Google to make it work but you couldn't build Google until there was enough whether there to make it a return on investment and then of course when they published the paper they'd done the science they had to prove it's failed the idea if you'd really thought about it in 1998 the idea of harvesting the web we have today day in day out all the time everywhere in order to make Google work just mind boggling but they've done the engineering to show it well and then they had to get the business model and boy is that become successful and now they're of course going into phones and other ticker phones and driverless cars but to speed up then we're now the browser's changed so we could write to the web which has always plugged into this vision and once you get that we start to get the web blogs or the blogs and the social networks work started to emerge and boy did we understand how much people would want to tell the world about themselves and communicate we just underestimate what we've known about people forever is we like communicating with the world of social networking mobile web and what next well, the one thing to learn is the web is actually a network and network it's an amazing complex system that grows because we put stuff on it I'll come back to that later we create, we build the web in that sense so here's the I should take a second life off of it it doesn't really fit here because the technology hasn't yet developed so it's going to be faster I thought things like second life to become mass but they will in the future but things like I've mentioned most of those as the things that dominate our lives today and we're using them all in various different ways and I was in Malaysia last week and I gave a talk and I wanted to put a new Wikipedia slide up to illustrate how we build the web so I'm in Malaysia and when I googled to get Wikipedia I didn't know I did that anyway it comes up in Malaysia and I thought who's the person the Malay people will know more than anybody and I thought about the clue and I thought no, David Beckham so this was the slide I used last week just to make the point that when we were developing microcosm I used to think wouldn't this be wonderful you can see the power of the links we did an experiment with the I think it was the OED the Oxford English Dictionary and we automatically generated all the links for all the terms in the dictionary so that you could take from a document click on any word and go to the reference in the dictionary we thought we were very clever didn't we here because it was cool but of course you had to buy the OED to do that what Jimmy Royles had the view of is this is how it works in the web is you get people to create it and when it started people said yeah this won't work and Jimmy Royles was gross as hell he didn't think it would work and now look how we use it and actually of course it works because it's faster than the printed version in terms of being corrected it's developing its own rules and management governance system as to who's allowed to change things most people you can edit things there are certain people who can take pages down if they become misused but generally it grows because people write for it and the factual stuff you know the science and the history and geography and all that there's so much there and you now go to it and it's there whatever you want to find it's there and the amazing thing about this that's happened in the last what would it be there for ever I mean eight years is nothing in terms of the development and information systems and the dictionaries in the psychopedias it's nothing and imagine if it wasn't there tomorrow just imagine if it woke up and none of this was there and what's happening is in the speed of time we're doing this this is happening the industries that create the old industries are disappearing so you can't go by a printed encyclopedia now they don't produce them so if the web died and Wikipedia died with it it's not a printed industry but of course anyway that's all things to hypothesise about Wikipedia YouTube I mean what a difference YouTube makes in terms of and this is very recent really of course it's scaring that it's boring by Google but you know this is why we are getting our entertainment we're also making our entertainment and you know I put out the Doctor Who page and you can see not only the latest now and all the old episodes and bits of them and so much it's an unbelievable tool for entertainment and of course education I mean this is as free the way the MOOCs will go out links to be you know you have to for people trying to make money out of this stuff have to think about this I don't mean universities here I mean the companies who are seeking to make money out of technology for MOOCs look at what's happened with YouTube I just think so I've been about the giant attract to remembering this Twitter, it's another one a lovely story about Twitter the I can't tell you any of these stories but basically it started as something that told me what I have for breakfast there is now a tool for saving lives and marketing and disseminating information I always remember that when Stephen Fry this is the early days of Twitter the first two years in the UK Nigel, my colleague Nigel Shabbot is an early adopter I didn't start until much later but Stephen Fry, one of the gadget groups previously treated from a lift he was stuck in July 2008 and he just picked up his iPhone 3G and that's we're into this mobile world and one of my PhD students did these graphs I just flipped through them so the red is the number that's in total the number of iPhones, the blue is the Android and the black line is the number of registered Twitter users and the dotted line sorry, the registered and the black solid line is the active and if you look at October 2010 where you had a huge bird in registered users not all active what happened? things like the World Cup the Arab Spring in 2011 and the Haiti earthquake in January 2010 these are all disseminated on Twitter and Shabbot got people very interested in this mechanism you get things faster on Twitter and then as you move forward you get the Arab Spring and the Japanese earthquake in 2012 80,000 tweets per second over the world I haven't got time but you all know that citizen science is a nice thing it's changing the face of everything that people who don't have anything about science can help identify galaxies this is really going to be there's lots of work and I think it's going to have a major impact on science education if we use it well I'm speeding up a bit I'm rolling I'll capture have a look this is a wonderful way the capture thing when you type in words when you recognise handwriting to prove you're not a robot you'll get a second one to translate documents from handwriting because if the I can't think of the word when you scan from handwriting sorry thank you then you're doing that and what he's doing with the languages is he's helping you learn the language at the same time you're translating the word and his vision is that thanks Malcolm his vision is that we will I've got 10 minutes that's good his vision is that we billions of people can translate end up translating every document on the web and he'll have a language by this mechanism he can show you the maths when he gives a keynote he's great so I've got a speed in link data very quickly the web now is a web of data this is always part of Tim's vision was this very rich web it was more than just thinking documents and people and here we are two nights in a day how about that folks I can't believe it I don't know how many papers I've written two nights in a day this is the paper we wrote in 2006 about actually the semantic web we get all this artificial intelligence worrying about proving whether the ontologist is correct or not it's all about data putting data out in a standard form linking it up that was the semantic web we visited and actually it's always part of Tim's vision because machines can process data and interpret it in ways that we can't machines are pretty poor at documents they can find documents but they can't work out what's in them but a machine can do wonderful things with data and make influences this is what we were trying to do with Mark Clawden years ago because the other big thing that's happening is that in thinking about why we need what the benefits of data were and why we couldn't get people to think about a web of data because it isn't harder than a web of documents Tim on the Atlantic and that Tim on this side of it Tim in America and Tim and I on this side started talking to governments about putting data out as open data and now that's really picking up and industry is doing it as well for all sorts of reasons transparency efficiency economic social value the UK is fun in the open data institute and linked open data is even more powerful and of course we're into big data I want to get to the point of the story of open data that you need to handle they funded the UK government funded the open data institute and all sorts of things like putting data out for example tells you what the GP is not who they're prescribing the drugs from or what type of drugs they're producing so you can work out which GP's surgery is spending too much on compaction for example and you can look at that and work it out there's so many things you can do in this world which happens when I have an open data service we're putting all our data about the university out of open data and recently we've put all our putting all our information out courses for the teachers of the courses timetables all those open data for the students for people to write apps and for the students to use and about facilities and I think there's a movement in the UK really to get this going it's a meme for institutions to link up their data using this open data there's a thing called Chris Gaffridge at Southampton runs data.ac.uk there are several universities on the Oxford side as well as several universities who put our into this and this will create new ways of students being able to ask where's the best place to study computer science or where can I learn about medieval history where can I do a degree about medieval history without having to show through Google there will be answers to questions anyway this is an exciting world and this is really at the heart of our development of web science and I haven't got time to tell you the whole story but basically as I've said we've created this thing called the web we put the content on and we've created this very complex macro phenomenon that grows in its own accord and our theory was our being Tim Nile and myself and Danny Bites and Jim Heller in the States that we need to study this and we called it web science and it's a very social technical the point is it isn't just about the technology it's about people to it's people stupid and that's what I think is so important for educators to get this not everyone has to study web science but to get this idea isn't just about technology and it's about economics and it's about politics and it's about law it's about maths there's so many things so we launched web science and we ran conferences and we have a network of labs around the world and the bit about the web being a social technical system is that Tim didn't create the web he invented it as I've said and as my social science friends say we technologists think about things in a time realistic way it's a machine that takes in this stuff and puts out that stuff that's not how this technology works because we have no idea when we build stuff who's going to use it, how are we going to use it so it's actually about co-constitution so what we're doing is about people, human beings and the technology working together to create something, artefacts that wouldn't have existed before I'm clicking through now so I'm running out of time web social technical and we talk about building social machines and I think again this is a huge important communication Tim coined the phrase in his book we've been in the web he said computers help if we can use them to create abstract social machines on the web processes in which people do the creativity and the machines do the administration and we're seeing our students learn by building the most amazing social machines they don't end on it once but any other web Google, Facebook, Twitter, Wikipedia Louis Van Arn stuff Tripadvisor, Galaxy Zoo Amazon, eBay, they're all social machines the technology goes out there but they only work because we in our millions and billions use them and then they they duck when they change because we want to do other things with them and so the technology then adapts to the challenges and there's a co-constitution it's really really important if you're doing anything on the web I'm going to flip through this because we haven't got time a social machine is not the Turing machine if it can be done on the Turing machine I would argue it's not a social machine that's another talk I've got two things I want to say before I finish one is hugely important in this whole world is being able to study what's happening so we're starting to talk about this idea called the Web of Dermotry rather like the physicists have their telescopes trained on the stars and they gather all that data and then they analyse it and share it and analyse it to map the universe and the climate scientists do that the climate scientists and diamond scientists do that for the physical planet that other people haven't mentioned we need to do it for the digital planet our network of labs we're beginning to take the research work that our students are doing the data they're collecting the tools they're using to analyse it and we have climate scientists and I think I'm going to whizz through this because I'm going to run out of time and I can just give you the words here I think there's loads of demos from one of my students but basically the idea here is that anybody could be able to do it but it's a bit like the open access stuff where we came up with standards for sharing scholarly papers this is far less for sharing evidential data if you can't it's not all open and secretly you may just be able to share the derived data or the metadata but also sharing the tools and we're getting companies involved as well to really make this grow as a global effort and then we can do longitudinal research studies these intelligence cases but the longitudinal research is what really excites me in this area because what I'd love to do is look back 10 years and see what was happening when Google started to emerge all the people using them how did they move on to Google what happened is that looking back to me is as important as looking forward so this is the most exciting project I think I've ever been involved with in my career the ambition is to map the digital universe I would just say now I'm just crying up at my last one coming up there's a whole team that's up and we've got this lovely DTC centre we have 50 PhD students that are in there that's the first intake nice and diverse social sciences, psychology, economics and so on and we're just launching an undergraduate programme which I'm very excited about it will take a while to grow but I'm really excited about training people for their first degree in this world and this is my last slide so where are we now we'll whip around the planet a bit it is 2013 I've got one minute in some ways it's changed everything about what we do we and our students work with computers all the time or mobile phones or iPads or whatever the technology emerges and the conference here will demonstrate what it has or will have, you're in the middle of it demonstrated this to us it's just part of our DNA now that's what's happened in the last 20 years but actually a Seymol Paphwt used to say he maybe still does I mean the guy's not dead but he was one of my inspirations for coming into computing MindStorms was their book actually I just had a brainstorm no that's no good I'll tell you about that but anyway MindStorms was one of the books that got me into computing but he used to say 100 years ago an alien from another planet landed here saw how things worked and then so that would be 1913 and then comes forward to 2013 lands back here what's changed the way we do almost everything medicine travelling manufacturing shopping banking anything like that booking holidays has changed dramatically what hasn't really changed in essence is education it's still I hesitate to say in this company with people who know more about this than I do it's still the sort of supportive style or people come and listen at the foot of the master or mistress it's people still go is it like we are here classrooms, lectures letters in schools colleges and universities now there are things breaking around the edges but that is still the fundamental way we do education of course there are examples of such learning every country has got its open university and there's lots of people in remote places we have to do that bit but the base the vast majority of us still go to school and go to a university and part of that of course is what else happens there is just the text web information from one brain to another but my EER when I was a student we used to get set easy exercises for the reader so my easy exercise for you guys is having taken on board everything I've said about the web and how it works and the difference it's made in many things that we do what difference are moves going to make a link with that