 In this session, the topic is advantages of state capacity in a global economy. State capacity for domestic transformation goes parallel to competitiveness at global forum and state capability allow its institutions to encompass organizational complex for overcoming a number of recognized obstacles to change. Whenever there is an effort by the state to have or to build its capacity, then definitely the involvement of state institutions increases. Upstate cannot be involved in this effort without its institutions. And definitely on this step, on this stage, a lot of obstacles and hurdles come along. And sometimes when there is the issue of economic transformation, then definitely it becomes more complex. Problems of coordination can be more effectively resolved by state than the market by virtue of reducing transaction costs in the wider economy. So both the developed and developing sides of the world have to complete alike in order to maintain their pace with greater ongoing challenges. So here comes the point that in the developed and both in the developing world, when there is the issue related to maintain the pace with greater ongoing challenges, it is important for both. It is not that the developed world has to be economically reformed or changed, then there can be more pace or there will be no challenges. Whenever there is a challenge to maintain or to increase the state capacity, specifically regarding the economic challenges, then here comes the point that there are many obstacles. Walkstickles can also come from outside the world, the world's pace is different. How can you maintain pace in your country? As we have seen, when the COVID situation occurred in the world, then big countries whose economies were very strong, they had to face economic problems in order to face this crisis. Because of course the pandemic had not been such a big crisis before, and in this sphere crisis, many norms and values changed, and no state had such a prepared capacity to single-handedly maintain this crisis in such a way that it does not depend on others. So though industrialized countries face even greater competitive challenges, since they don't want to copy or borrow technology, but to innovate on their own capacity. Now again, if we relate our minds a little bit, for example, in the days of COVID, states needed new things, new technologies. Now there was a problem of ventilators, there was a problem of masks, now how can a state keep itself unique, that everything at a time, when its people are also following social distancing, people are also being quarantined, then it could not single-handedly handle these things. But some states think that their own capacity, their own technology should be so advanced that if there is any issue of this kind, they can solve it themselves, but we have seen it in the world, from the beginning till now, those states have to face more challenges that want to enhance their capability single-handedly or are more dependent on their state capacity. So by providing the infrastructure, socializing the risks and encouraging cooperation, the state is in a position to build an effective response to technological competition. But we also know that if a state has strong infrastructure, for example, we will apply the technology that is required to handle the issue of COVID in the days of COVID, then the world will be dependent on China, and they have tried to match their capacity with the speed of this crisis, that the world takes their capability and their capacity as an example. But still we can say that state capacity is a debatable issue because no state single-handedly can resolve all the challenges, sometimes the challenges can be much greater than the capacity of the state, specifically under this globalized world.