 on muscles of the lower limb. In this session we will be revising all the muscles of the lower limb. So, total in all how many muscles are there in the lower limb? The answer to this question you will get at the end of the session. So, please watch the video completely. And any muscle when we describe, we describe under these four headings, maximal attachment, distal attachment, nerve supply and action of the muscle. So, we will be covering these headings for all the muscles of the lower limb. Except for the muscles of the foot in which we will be discussing only the location of the muscles as well as the nerve supply of the muscles. So, let's start with the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh. So, here is the list of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh. So, we will discuss each muscle one by one. First muscle listed here is sartorius. So, again all these muscles will be discussing under these headings. For sartorius, proximal attachment is from an area on the hip bone which is referred to as anterior superior eaxpine. Then distal attachment is along the upper medial aspect of the tibia. In the upper medial aspect of the tibia, there are two other muscles as well which we will be learning later on. Names of those muscles are gracilis and semi-tendinosis. So, these three muscles together they attach along the upper medial aspect of the tibia. So, proximal attachment, distal attachment we have covered. Nerv supply of sartorius is by the femoral nerve. To be more specific, it is the anterior division of the femoral nerve. Then action of sartorius. Sartorius causes flexion at the hip joint as well as flexion at the knee joint. Then there are four muscles which are studied together. Here we see the four muscles, rectus femoris, pastus medialis, pastus lateralis and pastus inter medius. These four muscles are grouped together and they are called as quadriceps femoris. Let us start with the rectus femoris first. Proximal attachment for rectus femoris. It is by two heads of origin. The straight head of rectus femoris arises from the anterior inferior eaxpine and reflected head arises from an area above the acetabulum. When we see on the lateral aspect of the hip bone, there will be a small area above the acetabulum for the reflected head of the rectus femoris. Then distal attachment of all these four muscles are learned together because their primary insertion is on the patella and from there there is a ligament which is called as ligamentum patella which extends up to the tbl tuberosity. Then nerve supplies by the femoral nerve. For all these four muscles, rectus femoris, pastus medialis, lateralis, pastus inter medius all supplied by femoral nerve. To be more specific, it is the posterior division of the femoral nerve. Then action of rectus femoris causes flexion at the hip joint and extension at the knee joint. It is acting on hip joint because it is crossing the hip joint. But when we see the other muscles, pastus medialis, lateralis and inter medius, they do not cross the hip joint. That is why their action will be only on the knee joint. So what is the proximal attachment of these muscles for pastus medialis, pastus lateralis? Here we can see there is an area of this called as inter trochanteric line. Near the upper aspect of the inter trochanteric line, just lateral to it there is pastus lateralis and near the lower aspect there is pastus medialis and they also have attachment on the linea aspera. Lateral lip will be for pastus lateralis, medial lip will be for pastus medialis. So we have covered proximal attachment, distal attachment, nerve supply and actions of these four muscles. Then articularis genus, it is a small slip of muscle which is attached down to the lower one-fourth of the anterior surface of the femur. Distal attachment it will go up to the suprapatellar barsa. It actually pulls the suprapatellar barsa and it keeps it intact. Now supply will be again by the femoral nerve. Then tensor fascia lata proximal attachment is it will be seen here as the outer aspect of the iliac crest area which is 5 centimeters behind this anterior superior iliac spine. That area will be covered by tensor fascia lata muscle. Proximal attachment is here. Then distal attachment it continues as the iliotibial tract which goes up to the lateral aspect of tibia. Now supply of tensor fascia lata is different from the other muscles. Now supply of tensor fascia lata is by the superior gluteal nerve. The nerve which supplies gluteus medius and minimus that now supplies tensor fascia lata as well. And action of tensor fascia lata is it will stabilize the knee joint and it will help in extension at the knee joint as well. So these were the various muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh. There is a small group of muscle which is called as vertebro iliofemoral muscle. Three muscles are listed. Sauce major, sauce minor and iliacus. Sauce major it arises from the transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae. The five lumbar vertebrae the anterior aspect of the transverse process as well as the inter vertebral disc between the vertebrae. And sauce minor it is rarely present. It may be present in 50% of the individuals and if it is present it will arise from the inter vertebral disc between t12 and l1. And iliacus muscle proximal attachment is from the iliac posa. To be more specific it is the upper two-third of the iliac posa. And distal attachment of these muscles they together form a tendon which is called as ilio-sauce tendon which gets attached along the lesser trochanter of the femur. So attachments are covered. Now supply for sauce major and sauce minor these are directly from the lumbar nerve and for iliacus the nerve supplies by the trunk of the femoral nerve. Femoral nerve before it divides into anterior and posterior division it will supply the iliacus muscle. And action of these muscles they are the primary plexus at the hip joint. See plexus of the hip joint is done by sauce major, sauce minor and iliacus muscle. Now let's cover the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh. So here is the list of muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh. Three muscles we can remember together as adductor group of muscles, adductor longus, adductor bravest and adductor magnus. And there are two other muscles gracilis pectinus and there's one more muscle which is on a very deeper plane that is obturator external muscle. So if you see proximal attachment of these adductor muscles it is on the pubis bone as well as the osteopubic rami. So all these adductor longus bravest magnus they are attached on the anterior surface of the pubis as well as on the osteopubic rami. Then distal attachment of these muscles is most of the muscles gets attached on to the linea aspera. Specific attachment on the linea aspera you can study from the session of osteology of the lower limb which I have already covered in this youtube channel. Pectinus has got proximal attachment from the pectinian line which is along the superior aspect here. And obturator externus will get attached along the outer aspect of the obturator membrane as well as we can see some attachment on along the adjacent margins of this obturator ramin. Distal attachment of all these muscles are along the linea aspera except this gracilis and obturator externus. Gracilis I have told you it is it has distal attachment along the upper medial aspect of the tibia along with sartorius and semitendinosis. And obturator externus it gets attached along an area along the inner aspect of the greater trochanter which is referred to as trochanteric fossa. And pectinus it gets attached slightly above the linea aspera into a line which is called as spiral line. And now supply of these muscles is by the obturator nerve. This is the nerve of the medial compartment of the thigh. But in this also we should know that which division of obturator nerve supplies which muscle? The anterior division it supplies adductor longus, gracilis, pectinus and adductor bravis if not supplied by posterior division. Adductor bravis it may be supplied by anterior division it may be supplied by posterior division. And adductor magnus and obturator externus these two muscles are supplied by posterior division of the obturator nerve. And adductor magnus has got one more now supply by the tbl part of the sciatic nerve. That's why this muscle is also included in a group of muscle called as hybrid muscle or composite muscle. The pectinus muscle is also a hybrid muscle which is supplied by this obturator nerve as well as there is some contribution from the femoral nerve as well okay. So two hybrid muscles in this list one is adductor magnus and other is pectinus. And actions of these muscles so all these are adductor at the hip joint gracilis in addition will cause flexion at the knee joint as well. And obturator externus also helps in lateral rotation at the hip joint. Now let's start with the muscles of the gluteal region so here is the list of muscles in which I've seen in the gluteal region the largest of all the muscles is gluteus maximus okay. So here we can see this muscle is the gluteus maximus and under the cover of gluteus maximus there are multiple other muscles okay. So all these muscles will be covering now. So proximal attachment of gluteus maximus if you have studied about the hip bone you'll be able to answer this. On the posterior aspect of this iliac crest there's an outer sloping surface for gluteus maximus as well as it has got attachment from the sacrum from the sacro tuberous ligament and as well as some surface along the gluteal surface of the hip bone the area behind the posterior gluteal line okay. So all these surfaces give proximal attachment to the gluteus maximus muscle and distal attachment of gluteus maximus you have to remember three fourth and one fourth. So three fourth of attachment is along the iliotibial tract and one fourth of attachment is along the gluteal tuberosity okay. So maximum of the gluteus maximus is getting attached along the iliotibial tract okay. So through which it can have action on the knee joint as well okay. Now supply of gluteus maximus is by the inferior gluteal nerve okay. Whereas gluteus medius minimus those are supplied by superior gluteal nerve okay. So gluteus maximus is inferior gluteal nerve and action of gluteus maximus it is the cheek extensor at the hip joint okay. So while standing up from sitting position gluteus maximus is the cheek extensor and let's learn about this gluteus medius and gluteus minimus. So here we can see this muscle is gluteus medius and this muscle is gluteus minimus okay. So gluteus medius and minimus they both are arising from the gluteal surface of the hip bone then distal attachment of gluteus medius and minimus it's along the greater trochanter of the femur okay. Gluteus minimus is more on the anterior aspect and gluteus medius is more on the lateral aspect of the greater trochanter. Nerve supply have already covered superior gluteal nerve for gluteus medius minimus as well as one more muscle that is tensor fascialata okay. So these three muscles supplied by superior gluteal nerve then actions of gluteus medius and minimus anterior fibers are responsible for medial rotation and the lateral fibers are responsible for abduction at the hip joint okay. So medial rotation and abduction are the two actions of gluteus medius and minimus. Then piriformis piriformis this muscle actually arises from the anterior aspect of the sacrum there's an e-shape origin for the piriformis and from there it passes through the greater sciatic notch and distal attachment it's along the tip of the greater trochanter of the femur okay. This piriformis obturator internus then two gameli quadratus femuris all these are referred to as short lateral rotators of the hip joint. So whenever we seek about actions of these muscles so we can say they will cause lateral rotation at the hip joint. Nerve supply for piriformis is nerve to piriformis okay. Then obturator internus proximal attachment of obturator internus here we can see the inner aspect of the obturator membrane as well as there is some attachment on the inner aspect of the helium okay from there this muscle crosses the lesser sciatic notch and along with there are two muscles superior gamelus and inferior gamelus they arise from the adjacent margins of the lesser sciatic notch okay from there distal attachment of these three muscles is on the inner aspect of the greater trochanter just in front of the attachment of obturator externus muscle okay obturator externus was on the trochanteric posa in front of the trochanteric posa these three muscles are there okay these three muscles together are also referred to as tricepital tendon okay also there is one more name for these three muscles together they are also called as triceps coxae okay coxa refers to the hip bone so three muscles together here is referred to as triceps coxae then quadratus femoris this muscle arises from the lateral aspect of the tissue tuberosity and it gets attached along the quadrate tubercles which is along the inter trochanteric crest okay the nerve supply of these muscles for obturator internus there is specific nerve called as nerve to obturator internus for quadratus femoris also there is a nerve which is called as nerve to quadratus femoris okay and for gamelus superior inferior gamelus we can remember nerve supply with the adjacent muscle superior gamelus is close to obturator internus superior gamelus is very close to obturator internus that's why it is supplied by nerve to obturator internus okay and inferior gamelus is very close to quadratus femoris that's why this is supplied by nerve to quadratus femoris okay so that's why we can remember nerve supply of these muscles actions I've already discussed they are short lateral rotators at the hip joint okay now let's cover the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh this compartment is also referred to as hamstring compartment also referred to as flexor compartment of the thigh so let's start with semitendinosis proximal attachment of semitendinosis is along with this muscle biceps femoris muscle okay you see the ischial tuberosity ischial tuberosity there's an upper quadrangular part and there's a lower triangular part okay in the upper quadrangular part again we can divide into lateral and medial areas the medial area gets gives attachment to the semitendinosis along with the long head of the biceps femoris okay then upper lateral part it gives attachment to the semimembranosis muscle okay and in the lower triangular part further it becomes subdivided into a lateral part and a medial part lateral part gives attachment to the adductor magnus muscle so this is the ischial part of the adductor magnus and there is one part which is remaining that is referred to as the subcutaneous part this is just covered by fibro fatty tissue okay so if you learn about the ischial tuberosity then proximal attachments of these muscles will be clear okay then distal attachment of these muscles semitendinosis semimembranosis they go up to the tibia semitendinosis have already covered along with sartorius gracilis along the upper medial aspect of the tibia then semimembranosis it's also on the tibia behind the medial condyle there's a groove for semimembranosis and biceps femoris proximal attachment have already covered along with semitendinosis distal attachment of biceps femoris is along the head of the fibula okay so head of the fibula gives distal attachment for biceps femoris muscle adductor magnus ischial part has got proximal attachment here along the lower lateral part of the triangular area then for adductor magnus distal attachment is along the adductor tubercle there's an elevation if you study about the femur just about the medial condyle as an elevation is called as adductor tubercle okay and from there is a ligament which arises which is referred to as tbl collateral ligament also referred to as medial collateral ligament okay when we learn about this posterior compartment of the thigh we should know what are the characteristics of hamstring muscles okay so for a muscle to be called as a hamstring proximal attachment is from the distal tuberosity distal attachment is along the one of the bones of the leg either tibia or fibula then nerve supplies by the tbl part of the sciatic nerve and action is extension at the hip joint and flexion at the knee joint okay so these are the characteristics of hamstrings and among these semi tendinosis and semi membranosis these are referred to as true hamstrings okay because they qualify all the criteria of the hamstring muscles okay so why these two muscles are not qualifying all criteria because the proximal attachment of biceps femoris is represented by this ligament sacro tuberous ligament okay and for adductor magnus it is not included in true hamstring because the muscle itself is not going up to the bone of the leg okay it's the extension from the adductor tubercle which is called as tbl collateral ligament which goes up to the tbl okay that's why these two muscles are not included in true hamstrings so this was all about the posterior compartment of the thigh so let's start with the anterior compartment of the leg so the four muscles listed in the anterior compartment of the leg so let's start with tbl is anterior first proximal attachment of tbl is anterior here we can see in the bone the proximal attachment is seen this is the lateral surface of the tbl so here we can see the lateral surface of the tbl maximum area gives attachment to the tbl is anterior muscle then distal attachment of tbl is anterior it goes up to the base of the first metatarsal okay sexually along the inferior medial aspect of the base of first metatarsal as well as the medial cuneiform bone okay the word inferior medial is important because in the same bone along the interolateral part there is one muscle attached that is called as fibularis longus okay so this was distal attachment then now supply of all the four muscles is by the deep fibular nerve sciatic nerve divides into two nerves which is called as tbl nerve and common fibular nerve and common fibular nerve divides into two nerves those are deep fibular nerve and superficial fibular nerve okay deep fibular nerve supplies the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg and superficial fibular nerve supplies muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg. Then action of tibialis anterior is dorsiflexion at the ankle joint as well as it will help in inversion of the foot. There are two special movements in the foot called as inversion and eversion. So, tibialis anterior helps in inversion. Then talking about these muscles extensor, digitorum longest, extensor, halosus longest and fibularis tercius. All the three muscles have got proximal attachment from the fibula. So, in the fibula there is a surface which is called as medial surface or extensor surface of the fibula from which these three muscles are arising. Extensor digitorum longest has got an extensive origin from the fibula. That means it is attached along the upper part as well as well as the middle two fourth as well along the anterior aspect of the middle two fourth as well. So, maximum area is covered by this muscle, extensor digitorum longest. In the middle two fourth part along the posterior aspect, the muscle is extensor halosus longest and fibularis tercius will be seen along the lower one fourth part of the fibula. Distill attachment of these muscles are as per their name. Since the name is digitorum it will go up to the lateral four digits and halosus it will go up to the halux. Halux means great toe. So, distal pylings, base of the distal pylings of great toe is extensor halosus longest and base of the distal pylings of lateral four toes is extensor digitorum longest. Here also we have to specify the surface dorsal surface or planter surface because these muscles are attached along the dorsal surface and along the planter surface the muscles will be flexor digitorum longest and flexor halosus longest. And fibularis tercius has got attachment along the base of the fifth metatarsal bone. Actions of other three muscles are also included in dorsiflexion at the ankle joint. So, this was about the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg. Now, let us learn about the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg. In the lateral compartment there are two muscles, fibularis longest and fibularis bravest. Their older names are peronius longus and peronius bravest. As per the recent edition of books, we should know these names, fibularis longest and fibularis bravest. Since the name is fibularis longest, fibularis bravest, the proximal attachment is from the fibula bone. On the lateral surface of the fibula, the upper part as well as the posterior aspect of the middle part. Supposing, this is the lateral surface of the fibula, the upper part as well as the posterior surface of the middle part. This will be fibularis longest. And anterior surface of the middle part and the lower part, the muscle is fibularis bravest. Then distal attachment of these muscles, fibularis longus, I have discussed along with TBL is anterior. It actually crosses all the metatarsals and it goes up to the first metatarsal, base of the first metatarsal, but the area is interolateral part along with the medial cuneiform bone, that is, fibularis longest. And while it crosses, it goes under a groove just below the cuboid bone. There is a groove below the cuboid bone for the tendon of fibularis longest muscle. And fibularis bravest distal attachment is along the base of the fib metatarsal. Base of fib metatarsal, one more muscle which we had covered was fibularis tertius. Now, supply of these muscles is by the superficial fibular nerve. Then actions of these muscles, these muscles will cause eversion. In the foot, I told you there are two special actions, inversion and eversion. And the lateral aspect of the foot is raised. That action is referred to as eversion and fibularis longest and bravest, they help in eversion of the foot. Now, let us cover about the muscles along the posterior compartment of the leg. So, in the posterior compartment, we can divide into two groups. One is the superficial group and other is the deep group. Superficial group has got three muscles and deep group has got four muscles. First, learn about these three muscles which are in the superficial posterior compartment. These are gastronomies, soleus and plantaris. Gastronomies has got two heads of origin. So, here we can see this is the medial head of the gastronomies, lateral head of the gastronomies. The proximal attachment is from the femur. Above the medial condyle, there is medial supracondylar line. Above the lateral condyle, there will be lateral supracondylar line. So, in that region, these muscles are attached and along with the lateral head of gastronomies, plantaris also takes origin. And distal attachment of these muscles is by a common tendon which is referred to as tendoachelus or achelus tendon which gets attached along the calcaneus bone. And gastronomies, the two heads of the gastronomies and soleus, these together, they are called as tricep sure. The word sure refers to the calf region. So, gastronomies and soleus together are referred to as tricep sure. Plantaris is a muscle having a short belly and a long tendon. A very small belly will be seen here as the propratial fossa. And the rest of the muscle looks, at first impression, it will look like a nerve, but if we trace it in the proximal aspect, we will find the muscle belly, that is, plantaris muscle. Distal attachment, it will merge with the tendoachelus. Then, now, supply of these muscles. So, now, supply in general, we can remember. Now, supply of the three superficial as well as the four deep muscles, that is, by the TBL nerve. So, all seven muscles are supplied by TBL nerve. And action of these muscles, they will cause plantar flexion at the ankle joint. So, now, let's learn about the deep muscles. So, deep muscles, they are four in number. Here, we can see. So, these deep muscles, we can compare with the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg. In the anterior compartment, there was TBL as anterior. So, here there is TBL as posterior. Similarly, for other two, flexor digidorum longus and flexor halusus longus. One muscle extra, we have to remember, that is, popliteus. In the anterior compartment, there was fibularis tertius, which doesn't have any corresponding muscle here. So, in that place, we can remember popliteus. So, let's learn about proximal attachment of these muscles. TBL is posterior. Here, we can see. It has got attachment from the tibia, as well as from the fibula. This area, which is shown, this is, TBL is posterior. And among these two, one muscle is from tibia and one muscle is from fibula. So, how to remember it? TBL is the medial bone, but it gives attachment to the lateral muscle. Among these two, which will be the lateral muscle? Digidorum longus will be the lateral muscle because halus is on the medial aspect. So, a slight cross, which you can remember, tibia being a medial bone gives attachment to the lateral muscle. So, this attachment, which we can see, this is of the flexor digidorum longus. And this attachment, we can see, this attachment is of the flexor halusus longus. Popliteus muscle has got attachment along the lateral condyle of the femur. Then, distal attachment of these muscles. TBL is posterior. The primary attachment of TBL is posterior is along a bone of the tarsal group, which is called as navicular bone. In the navicular bone, there's an elevation, which is called as navicular tuberosity. Primary insertion is along the navicular tuberosity. Then, it gives slips to all the tarsal bones, except talus. And then, finally, it gets attached along the base of the middle three metatarsal bones. Then, flexor digidorum longus, flexor halusus longus, we can remember similar to extensor digidorum longus and extensor halusus longus. For extensors, there was dorsal surface. For flexors, there will be plantar surface of the distal filings. And for popliteus, as an area on the posterior surface of the TBL above the solial line, that triangular area is for popliteus muscle. And again, actions of these muscles is the plantar flexion at the ankle joint. Popliteus has got a different action. It is the chief unlocker of the knee joint. In the knee joint, there's one action called less locking of the knee joint and unlocking of the knee joint. Popliteus helps in unlocking of the knee joint. Now, let's start with the muscles of the foot region. In the foot, I've divided into two groups, dorsum of foot and sole of foot. In the dorsum of foot, there's only one muscle, that is extensor digidorum brevis. Here, this muscle, which we can see, this is extensor digidorum brevis. So, in the foot, we are not learning about the various attachments. We'll just identify the muscles and we'll describe the now supply of those muscles. So, extensor digidorum brevis, we can see in the dorsum of the foot. And there is one thing specific about this muscle is, the medial most slip, it gets separated out early and this slip is also referred to as the extensor halusis brevis muscle. So, extensor halusis brevis, it is not a separate muscle, it is a part of extensor digidorum brevis muscle only. So, the medial most slip of extensor digidorum brevis is referred to as extensor halusis brevis. And now supplies deep fibular now. Deep fibular now supplies muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg. The same nerve will continue along the dorsum of the foot as well. So, now let's start with the muscles along the sole of the foot. So, in the sole of the foot, there are four layers of muscles. We'll learn each layer one by one. In the first layer, there are three muscles, abductor halusis muscle. So, in this image, we can see this muscle is the abductor halusis muscle because we can see the halusis here, halusis means the great toe. Then flexor digidorum brevis muscle, this muscle which we can see which is splitting into the tendons for the digits, this muscle is flexor digidorum brevis muscle and this muscle is the abductor digiti minimi muscle. And for now supply because this muscle is on the lateral aspect, this will be supplied by the lateral plantar nerve. And the other two muscles, those are more along the medial aspect supplied by the medial plantar nerve. These plantar nerves are branched from the tbl nerve. So, tbl nerve, terminal branches are medial and lateral plantar nerve. And this division occurs approximately at the level of the tarcell tunnel. When the tbl nerve enters the foot, it divides into these two nerves. Muscles of the first layer we can compare with the muscles of the third layer. Later on we will compare it. So, now let us see the muscles along the second layer of the sole. Here we can see the muscles along the second layer of the sole of the foot. I have listed down five muscles, among which four are lumbaricals and flexor accessorius is the calf muscle. So, the lumbaricals are seen getting attached along the tendons of the flexor digidorum longus muscle. And flexor accessorius, this muscle which we can see, this is the flexor accessorius muscle also referred to as quadratus plantae muscle. And now supply of these muscles, only the first lumbarical, this muscle is supplied by the medial plantar nerve. Rest of the muscles are supplied by lateral plantar nerve. So, maximum muscles in the second layer they are supplied by lateral plantar nerve, except the first lumbarical. Let us see the muscles along the third layer. So, here we can see flexor halusis bravis muscle. Here we can see this is the flexor halusis bravis muscle. Similarly there is the muscle here flexor digiti minimi bravis muscle. I told you to compare this with the first layer because in the first layer also there was muscle to the great toe as well as little toe. But in the first layer there were abductors and here there flexors. And there is one more with respect to the halusis that is adductor halusis. You can see it transfers head and oblique head of adductor halusis muscle. So, these three muscles are here. And for now supply again we can remember which muscle is medial. This flexor halusis bravis is on the medial aspect. So, that will be supplied by medial plantar nerve. Other muscles are supplied by lateral plantar nerve. So, this was the muscles along the third layer of the sole of the foot. So, now let us cover about the muscles of the fourth layer of the sole of foot. So, there are seven muscles in the fourth layer. There is three plantar introshii and four dorsal introshii. In the upper limb we have learnt about palmar introshii corresponding muscles in the lower limb are plantar introshii. And there are four dorsal introshii. Attachments we can see. The plantar introshii gets attached along the lateral three metatarsals. Sides of the lateral three metatarsals and dorsal introshii gets attached along the adjacent surface of all metatarsals. And dorsal introshii is always seen as a bipinate muscle. And if you see the nerve supply all seven muscles are supplied by the lateral plantar nerve. So, if you see nerve supply of the muscles of the sole of foot major muscles or maximum muscles are supplied by lateral plantar nerve except few muscles which are along the medial aspect. Those will be supplied by medial plantar nerve. So, we have covered all the muscles in the lower limb. So, let us summarize what we have covered in this particular session. We started with the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh. Seven muscles. Four muscles are quadriceps femoris and there is one sartorius. Then tensor fascia latae and articularis genu. Then three muscles in the group vertebro ileopemoral, sauce major, sauce minor and iliacus. Then medial compartment of the thigh, six muscles. The three adductor muscles, adductor longest, bravest, magnus. Then gracilis, pectinus and obturator externus. These are the other three. Then posterior compartment of the thigh. Three muscles are semitendinosis, semimembrinosis and bicep femoris muscle. And we learnt about the characteristics of hamstring muscles. Also, ischial part of adductor magnus is included in posterior compartment of the thigh. Then in the gluteal region, we learnt eight muscles, the gluteus maximus, medius minimus. Then pyreformus muscle which is actually referred to as the key muscle of the gluteal region. And after that, obturator internus with two gamma li, quadratus femoris. So, all these muscles we covered in gluteal region. Then in anterior compartment of the leg, four muscles. Those muscles are tbl is anterior. Then extensor digitorum longest, extensor halusis longest and fibularis tertius. Then lateral compartment of the leg, two muscles are fibularis longest and fibularis bravest. In posterior compartment of the leg, there are three superficial muscles and four deep muscles. Three superficial include gastronomius, soleus and plantaris. Four deep include tbl is posterior, flexor digitorum longest, flexor halusis longest and popliteus muscle. Then in the dorsum of the foot, one muscle that is extensor digitorum bravest. And in the sole of the foot, there were 18 muscles which we covered in groups of four layers. So, in all, there are 59 muscles in the lower limb. So, this was all about this particular session. So, if you all have any feedback, you can put in the comments section below and also do join here on these platforms. Thank you.